Questioning the Entrepreneurial State

The 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic have made the authorities to increasingly turn inward and use ethnocentrism, protectionism, and top-down approaches to guide policy on trade, competition, and industrial development. The continuing aftereffects of such policies range from the rise and seeming success of authoritarian states, rise of populist and protectionist trends, and evolving academic agendas inspiring the reemergence of top-down industrial policies across the world. This open access edited volume contains contributions from over 30 scholars with expertise in economics, innovation, management, and economic history. The chapters offer unique theoretical and empirical contributions discussing topics such as how industrial policies affect risk, incentives, and information for investments. They also address the policy perspectives on new technologies such as AI and its implications for market entry, the role for independent entrepreneurship in increasingly regulated markets, and whether governments should focus on market interventions or institutional capacity-building. Questioning the Entrepreneurial State initiates a much sought-after debate on the notion of an Entrepreneurial State. It discusses the dangers of top-down approaches to industrial policy, examines lessons from such approaches for future policy design, and calls attention to the progress of open and contestable markets in a sound economy and society. “Creative destruction, innovation and entrepreneurship are at the core of economic growth. The government has a clear role, to provide the basic fabric of a dynamic society, but industrial policy and state-owned companies are the boulevard of broken dreams and unrealized visions. This important message is convincingly stated in Questioning the Entrepreneurial State.” Anders Borg, former Minister of Finance, Sweden “Misreading the dynamism of American entrepreneurship, European intellectuals and policy makers have embraced a dangerous fantasy: catching up requires constructing an entrepreneurial state. This book provides a vital antidote: The entrepreneur comes first: The state may support. It cannot lead.” Amar Bhidé, Thomas Schmidheiny Professor of International Business, Tufts University “This important new book subjects the emergence of the entrepreneurial state, which reflects a shift in the locus of entrepreneurship from the individual to the public sector, to the scrutiny of rigorous analysis. The resulting concerns, flaws and biases inherent in the entrepreneurial state exposed are both alarming and sobering. The skill and scholarly craftsmanship brought to bear in this crucial analysis is evident throughout the book, along with the even, but ultimately consequential thinking of the authors. A must read for researchers and thought leaders in business and policy." David Audtretsch, Distinguished Professor, Ameritech Chair of Economic Development, Indiana Universit

Questioning the Entrepreneurial State

The 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic have made the authorities to increasingly turn inward and use ethnocentrism, protectionism, and top-down approaches to guide policy on trade, competition, and industrial development. The continuing aftereffects of such policies range from the rise and seeming success of authoritarian states, rise of populist and protectionist trends, and evolving academic agendas inspiring the reemergence of top-down industrial policies across the world. This open access edited volume contains contributions from over 30 scholars with expertise in economics, innovation, management, and economic history. The chapters offer unique theoretical and empirical contributions discussing topics such as how industrial policies affect risk, incentives, and information for investments. They also address the policy perspectives on new technologies such as AI and its implications for market entry, the role for independent entrepreneurship in increasingly regulated markets, and whether governments should focus on market interventions or institutional capacity-building. Questioning the Entrepreneurial State initiates a much sought-after debate on the notion of an Entrepreneurial State. It discusses the dangers of top-down approaches to industrial policy, examines lessons from such approaches for future policy design, and calls attention to the progress of open and contestable markets in a sound economy and society. “Creative destruction, innovation and entrepreneurship are at the core of economic growth. The government has a clear role, to provide the basic fabric of a dynamic society, but industrial policy and state-owned companies are the boulevard of broken dreams and unrealized visions. This important message is convincingly stated in Questioning the Entrepreneurial State.” Anders Borg, former Minister of Finance, Sweden “Misreading the dynamism of American entrepreneurship, European intellectuals and policy makers have embraced a dangerous fantasy: catching up requires constructing an entrepreneurial state. This book provides a vital antidote: The entrepreneur comes first: The state may support. It cannot lead.” Amar Bhidé, Thomas Schmidheiny Professor of International Business, Tufts University “This important new book subjects the emergence of the entrepreneurial state, which reflects a shift in the locus of entrepreneurship from the individual to the public sector, to the scrutiny of rigorous analysis. The resulting concerns, flaws and biases inherent in the entrepreneurial state exposed are both alarming and sobering. The skill and scholarly craftsmanship brought to bear in this crucial analysis is evident throughout the book, along with the even, but ultimately consequential thinking of the authors. A must read for researchers and thought leaders in business and policy." David Audtretsch, Distinguished Professor, Ameritech Chair of Economic Development, Indiana Universit

Ensuring animal health and other services for efficient and inclusive livestock value chains in LMICs

While the demand for livestock-derived-foods is increasing in the Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs), livestock productivity in such settings remains low, limiting the opportunities offered by this sector to enhance livelihoods. One of the key constraints faced by livestock keepers is access to affordable and quality inputs and services. These include animal health inputs and services, feed and breeding, and also extension or advisory services. Different organizational arrangements for the delivery of such inputs and services have emerged, especially in the dairy and poultry sectors. Some of these arrangements are led by the value chain actors themselves, while other have been promoted and supported by development agencies and donors. The effectiveness of these organizational arrangements remains insufficiently documented, limiting the opportunity to learn and apply lessons across value chains and countries. Our objective is to facilitate research and stimulate discussion regarding access to affordable and quality inputs and services that ultimately improve production and productivity in a sustainable and equitable way. Given the livestock sector characteristics (in particular products’ perishability, high value, and seasonality), both the public and private sectors are proposing and implementing new ways to improve delivery of inputs and services, including the use of digital technologies, incentive-based payment and public private partnerships, amongst others. It is therefore the opportune time to contrast these different experiences to derive recommendations on approaches for more effective and inclusive delivery of livestock inputs and services. We welcome the submission of research, reviews, and perspectives on the following topics: • Delivery of livestock inputs and services (e.g. vaccines like PPR, ITM, etc), including mode of delivery (public, private; on its own or combined with another service) • Roles and responsibilities of public and private actors, including cooperatives and other producers’ organizations, also including financing mechanisms • Participation in, and benefits derived from new delivery mechanisms, differentiated by different types of actors (small versus medium scale livestock producers; women and men; youth etc) • Impact of new organizational arrangements on livestock producers’ uptake of inputs and services, on livestock productivity and livelihood impacts (income, food security) • New research, qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods • Focus in LMICs, all livestock specie

The Turning Point in China's Economic Development

Economic policy; Economic conditions; Industrialization; Chin

A Study of Food Safety Training and Associated Barriers to Effective Training Outcomes

The safety of food is fundamental to public health, businesses and wider society and effective food safety training is an essential element to ensure safe food reaches our consumers. This is true for all food business operators in all sectors of the food industry including food service, retail and manufacturing facilities. Not complying with food safety obligations can have a serious impact on human health and serious consequences for the food business operator. In 2015 the World Health Organisation reported that almost 1 in 10 people fall ill every year from eating contaminated food and 420,000 die as a result. Children under 5 years of age are particularly at risk, with 125,000 children dying from foodborne diseases every year. Food safety is a shared responsibility and governments, the food industry and individuals need to do more to make food safe and prevent foodborne diseases. The aim of this study is to identify the barriers and problems that may affect the outcomes of food safety training, by examining the methods of training used within the food industry and to identify what food businesses are currently pursuing in order to develop and improve their food safety training. This survey was conducted from October to December 2018 and 171 food businesses participated. Discussions with trainers were conducted in December 2018 and international responses were gathered in October 2018. The study identified that 95% of food businesses do provide food safety training for employees whereas 5% are non-compliant. A majority of food businesses (68%) chose in-house training as their main method of training and online/eLearning was the least preferred at 17%. Findings from this study showed that 85% of food businesses employ non-nationals, with Polish (58%) being the most common language spoken. Sixty percent of respondents believe that language may be a barrier to food safety standards, due to a general lack of understanding when training is conducted in English. Meanwhile, language barriers are used by some employees as an excuse to avoid implementing training appropriately. Incorporating a selection of languages may help to overcome that barrier. Overall, the study identified the main barriers to food safety training as; no interest amongst employees (92%), lack of understanding (89%) and lack of management support (85%). Therefore, it is recommended that a strong food safety culture is built into the food businesses. Blended learning, group work and experience sharing needs to be brought into training programmes, in order to get employee engagement and make training more interesting

Pseudo National Security System of Health in Indonesia

ABstRACt Adolescence is a crucial period where one tends to identify who they are as an individual. However, as a teenager is struggling to find his/her place in this world, it is also a time where they are prone to engaging in risk behaviors, which tend to have an extreme psychological impact. The objective was to explore the experiences of an adolescent who engages in risk behaviors and to understand their level of personal fables. The study was a qualitative design with content analysis with semi-structured interviews of ten male adolescents aged 16-18 years. The major findings of the study indicated that adolescent’s pattern of thinking revolves around the fact that they are invincible and invulnerable. Furthermore, adolescents are aware of the risks they are putting themselves through and how in the process they are hurting others. The implications of the study are to conduct more life skill programs in schools; greater awareness has to be created on the impact and harmful effects of such behaviors

1995 BRAC Commission

Research; Ethics Memos; Congressional Actions; Federal Register Notices. Box 61, GC-005

In search of the subject: locating the shifting politics of women's performance art

From the late 1960s to the present, women have utilised performance art as a 'form' with which to resist, transgress, contest or reveal the position of women within wider society. However, as both the nature of feminist politics and the contexts within which the work has been produced have changed, the enactment of such oppositional strategies has also shifted. This thesis aims to locate and account for such shifts by mapping multiple subjects, including performance art, feminism(s), contemporary theory, performers and women's performance art. In the late 1960s throughout the 1970s, the strategies most often utilised by women performance artists either offered alternative, supposedly more 'truthful' representations which drew on the real, material lives of women, or completely reimagined woman, locating her in a place before or outside of the patriarchal structure. From the 1980s onwards, however, the practice of women's performance art looks somewhat different. While performers continue to contest the material conditions and results of being positioned as female in Western society, such contestations are now often enacted from within what might be considered a 'deconstructive' or 'poststructuralist' frame. Acknowledging the impossibility of ever representing the 'real' woman, since 'woman' is always already a representation (and is always multiple), I suggest that the aim of this work is therefore not so much to reveal the 'real' woman behind the fiction, but to take apart the fiction itself, revealing the way in which the signifier 'woman' has been differentially constructed, for what purpose, and with what real effects. I have nominated this shift as a movement from a performance and politics of identity to a performance and politics of subjectivity