International Journal of Mathematical Combinatorics, Vol.6

The International J.Mathematical Combinatorics (ISSN 1937-1055) is a fully refereed international journal, sponsored by the MADIS of Chinese Academy of Sciences and published in USA quarterly comprising 460 pages approx. per volume, which publishes original research papers and survey articles in all aspects of Smarandache multi-spaces, Smarandache geometries, mathematical combinatorics, non-euclidean geometry and topology and their applications to other sciences

Strong resolvability in product graphs.

En aquesta tesi s'estudia la dimensió mètrica forta de grafs producte. Els resultats més importants de la tesi se centren en la recerca de relacions entre la dimensió mètrica forta de grafs producte i la dels seus factors, juntament amb altres invariants d'aquests factors. Així, s'han estudiat els següents productes de grafs: producte cartesià, producte directe, producte fort, producte lexicogràfic, producte corona, grafs unió, suma cartesiana, i producte arrel, d'ara endavant "grafs producte". Hem obtingut fórmules tancades per la dimensió mètrica forta de diverses famílies no trivials de grafs producte que inclouen, per exemple, grafs bipartits, grafs vèrtexs transitius, grafs hamiltonians, arbres, cicles, grafs complets, etc, i hem donat fites inferiors i superiors generals, expressades en termes d'invariants dels grafs factors, com ara, l'ordre, el nombre d'independència, el nombre de cobriment de vèrtexs, el nombre d'aparellament, la connectivitat algebraica, el nombre de cliqué, i el nombre de cliqué lliure de bessons. També hem descrit algunes classes de grafs producte, on s'assoleixen aquestes fites. És conegut que el problema de trobar la dimensió mètrica forta d'un graf connex es pot transformar en el problema de trobar el nombre de cobriment de vèrtexs de la seva corresponent graf de resolubilitat forta. En aquesta tesi hem aprofitat aquesta eina i hem trobat diverses relacions entre el graf de resolubilitat forta de grafs producte i els grafs de resolubilitat forta dels seus factors. Per exemple, és notable destacar que el graf de resolubilitat forta del producte cartesià de dos grafs és isomorf al producte directe dels grafs de resolubilitat forta dels seus factors.En esta tesis se estudia la dimensión métrica fuerte de grafos producto. Los resultados más importantes de la tesis se centran en la búsqueda de relaciones entre la dimensión métrica fuerte de grafos producto y la de sus factores, junto con otros invariantes de estos factores. Así, se han estudiado los siguientes productos de grafos: producto cartesiano, producto directo, producto fuerte, producto lexicográfico, producto corona, grafos unión, suma cartesiana, y producto raíz, de ahora en adelante "grafos producto". Hemos obtenido fórmulas cerradas para la dimensión métrica fuerte de varias familias no triviales de grafos producto que incluyen, por ejemplo, grafos bipartitos, grafos vértices transitivos, grafos hamiltonianos, árboles, ciclos, grafos completos, etc, y hemos dado cotas inferiores y superiores generales, expresándolas en términos de invariantes de los grafos factores, como por ejemplo, el orden, el número de independencia, el número de cubrimiento de vértices, el número de emparejamiento, la conectividad algebraica, el número de cliqué, y el número de cliqué libre de gemelos. También hemos descrito algunas clases de grafos producto, donde se alcanzan estas cotas. Es conocido que el problema de encontrar la dimensión métrica fuerte de un grafo conexo se puede transformar en el problema de encontrar el número de cubrimiento de vértices de su correspondiente grafo de resolubilidad fuerte. En esta tesis hemos aprovechado esta herramienta y hemos encontrado varias relaciones entre el grafo de resolubilidad fuerte de grafos producto y los grafos de resolubilidad fuerte de sus factores. Por ejemplo, es notable destacar que el grafo de resolubilidad fuerte del producto cartesiano de dos grafos es isomorfo al producto directo de los grafos de resolubilidad fuerte de sus factores.In this thesis we study the strong metric dimension of product graphs. The central results of the thesis are focused on finding relationships between the strong metric dimension of product graphs and that of its factors together with other invariants of these factors. We have studied the following products: Cartesian product graphs, direct product graphs, strong product graphs, lexicographic product graphs, corona product graphs, join graphs, Cartesian sum graphs, and rooted product graphs, from now on ``product graphs''. We have obtained closed formulaes for the strong metric dimension of several nontrivial families of product graphs involving, for instance, bipartite graphs, vertex-transitive graphs, Hamiltonian graphs, trees, cycles, complete graphs, etc., or we have given general lower and upper bounds, and have expressed these in terms of invariants of the factor graphs like, for example, order, independence number, vertex cover number, matching number, algebraic connectivity, clique number, and twin-free clique number. We have also described some classes of product graphs where these bounds are achieved. It is known that the problem of finding the strong metric dimension of a connected graph can be transformed to the problem of finding the vertex cover number of its strong resolving graph. In the thesis we have strongly exploited this tool. We have found several relationships between the strong resolving graph of product graphs and that of its factor graphs. For instance, it is remarkable that the strong resolving graph of the Cartesian product of two graphs is isomorphic to the direct product of the strong resolving graphs of its factors

Discrete Mathematics and Symmetry

Some of the most beautiful studies in Mathematics are related to Symmetry and Geometry. For this reason, we select here some contributions about such aspects and Discrete Geometry. As we know, Symmetry in a system means invariance of its elements under conditions of transformations. When we consider network structures, symmetry means invariance of adjacency of nodes under the permutations of node set. The graph isomorphism is an equivalence relation on the set of graphs. Therefore, it partitions the class of all graphs into equivalence classes. The underlying idea of isomorphism is that some objects have the same structure if we omit the individual character of their components. A set of graphs isomorphic to each other is denominated as an isomorphism class of graphs. The automorphism of a graph will be an isomorphism from G onto itself. The family of all automorphisms of a graph G is a permutation group

Laplacian energy of graphs and digraphs.

Spectral graph theory (Algebraic graph theory) which emerged in 1950s and 1960s is the study of properties of a graph in relationship to the characteristic polynomial, eigenvalues and eigenvectors of matrices associated to the graph. The major source of research in spectral graph theory has been the study of relationship between the structural and spectral properties of graphs. Another source has research in quantum chemistry. Just as astronomers study stellar spectra to determine the make-up of distant stars, one of the main goals in spectral graph theory is to deduce the principal properties and structure of a graph from its graph spectrum (or from a short list of easily computable invariants). The spectral approach for general graphs is a step in this direction.Digital copy of Thesis.University of Kashmir

Topology Reconstruction of Dynamical Networks via Constrained Lyapunov Equations

The network structure (or topology) of a dynamical network is often unavailable or uncertain. Hence, we consider the problem of network reconstruction. Network reconstruction aims at inferring the topology of a dynamical network using measurements obtained from the network. In this technical note we define the notion of solvability of the network reconstruction problem. Subsequently, we provide necessary and sufficient conditions under which the network reconstruction problem is solvable. Finally, using constrained Lyapunov equations, we establish novel network reconstruction algorithms, applicable to general dynamical networks. We also provide specialized algorithms for specific network dynamics, such as the well-known consensus and adjacency dynamics.Comment: 8 page