Energy Storage Sharing Strategy in Distribution Networks Using Bi-level Optimization Approach

In this paper, we address the energy storage management problem in distribution networks from the perspective of an independent energy storage manager (IESM) who aims to realize optimal energy storage sharing with multi-objective optimization, i.e., optimizing the system peak loads and the electricity purchase costs of the distribution company (DisCo) and its customers. To achieve the goal of the IESM, an energy storage sharing strategy is therefore proposed, which allows DisCo and customers to control the assigned energy storage. The strategy is updated day by day according to the system information change. The problem is formulated as a bi-level mathematical model where the upper level model (ULM) seeks for optimal division of energy storage among Disco and customers, and the lower level models (LLMs) represent the minimizations of the electricity purchase costs of DisCo and customers. Further, in order to enhance the computation efficiency, we transform the bi-level model into a single-level mathematical program with equilibrium constraints (MPEC) model and linearize it. Finally, we validate the effectiveness of the strategy and complement our analysis through case studies

Sharing Storage in a Smart Grid: A Coalitional Game Approach

Sharing economy is a transformative socio-economic phenomenon built around the idea of sharing underused resources and services, e.g., transportation and housing, thereby reducing costs and extracting value. Anticipating continued reduction in the cost of electricity storage, we look into the potential opportunity in electrical power system where consumers share storage with each other. We consider two different scenarios. In the first scenario, consumers are assumed to already have individual storage devices and they explore cooperation to minimize the realized electricity consumption cost. In the second scenario, a group of consumers is interested to invest in joint storage capacity and operate it cooperatively. The resulting system problems are modeled using cooperative game theory. In both cases, the cooperative games are shown to have non-empty cores and we develop efficient cost allocations in the core with analytical expressions. Thus, sharing of storage in cooperative manner is shown to be very effective for the electric power system

Stochastic Optimal Investment Strategy for Net-Zero Energy Houses

In this research, we investigate Net-Zero Energy Houses (ZEH), which harness regionally produced electricity from photovoltaic(PV) panels and fuel cells, integrating them into a local power system in pursuit of achieving carbon neutrality. This paper examines the impact of electricity sharing among users who are working towards attaining ZEH status through the integration of PV panels and battery storage devices. We propose two potential scenarios: the first assumes that all users individually invest in storage devices, hence minimizing their costs on a local level without energy sharing; the second envisions cost minimization through the collective use of a shared storage device, managed by a central manager. These two scenarios are formulated as a stochastic convex optimization and a cooperative game, respectively. To tackle the stochastic challenges posed by multiple random variables, we apply the Monte Carlo sample average approximation (SAA) to the problems. To demonstrate the practical applicability of these models, we implement the proposed scenarios in the Jono neighborhood in Kitakyushu, Japan.Comment: Submitted to IET Renewable Power Generatio

Numerical investigation of energy potential and performance of a residential building-integrated solar micro-CHP system

International audienceThe studied micro-CHP unit converts concentrated solar energy into electricity and heat by coupling a 46.5 m² parabolic trough collector with an oil-free single-cylinder steam engine operating according to the Hirn cycle. Originalities of this system are two axis solar tracking and direct steam generation. The exhaust heat of the cycle is recovered to cover building's heat needs, while the electricity is either self-consumed or fed back into the electricity grid. Experimental studies have shown that it is impossible to achieve continuous operation of the facility without an additional heat source. Thus, we are studying solutions for integrating a backup heating system from dynamic thermal simulations performed with TRNSYS© software One of them consists in adding a 30 kW boiler to the primary circuit in order to ensure daily electricity production. However, this is restricted by the considered storage tank. A parametric study on the volume of the storage tank makes it possible to propose an optimal solution for heat recovery. The results indicate that a storage volume of 3 m 3 meets the needs of the building and limits the heat losses due to heat storage. In order to optimize the use of such a micro-CHP unit, a heat sharing between several buildings equipped with 3 m 3 storage seems therefore to be a coherent solution

ENERGY & STORAGE SHARING STRATEGIES IN AN ELECTRICITY MARKET ENVIRONMENT

The rapid growth of renewable energy generation (REG) and energy storage systems (ESS) has created a need to further develop the electricity market for distributed energy, to stimulate the technology and application of REG and battery energy storage systems (BESS). Considering that the investment cost is still high at this stage, a window of opportunity exists for the development of a sharing economy. In light of this, this thesis focuses on energy and storage sharing strategies in an electricity market environment. A distributed energy sharing strategy is proposed for a peer-to-peer (P2P) model on a microgrid. In addition, the pricing model for users in this proposed strategy has been optimised using game theory—with the Bayesian Nash Equilibrium (GM-BNE) algorithm. Based on the basic call auction trading model, the energy trading mechanism has been modified. Meanwhile, an energy sharing cloud service is proposed based on a decentralised approach, in which the cloud energy management strategy can be customised for each participant. Rigorous proofs are also given. A detailed energy storage sharing strategy of the hybrid electricity and gas energy is proposed in the distribution network, which considers the energy operation of BESS and thermal energy storage system (TESS). The techno-economic analysis based on the BESS and TESS sizing model is conducted for storage sharing between users. When considering the battery firm in the joint storage sharing strategy, a novel sharing model is proposed based on the classic per-use sharing economy business model. Rigorous mathematical proofs are given for the application of the sharing economy model to BESS, in which the sharing pricing model is validated for technical feasibility and accuracy. The proposed energy and storage sharing strategies are applicable to distributed users, in the cases of the hospitality industry and smart home. The proposed sharing strategies are also beneficial for investors, as demonstrated in the case for a battery firm. In the case of the battery firm, this per-use rental service can open new benefits. The case studies results show that the proposed energy and storage sharing strategies provide a 'win-win' situation for customers, the battery sales firm and energy networks

Optimising Energy Management in Hybrid Microgrids

This article deals with the optimization of the operation of hybrid microgrids. Both the problem of controlling the management of load sharing between the different generators and energy storage and possible solutions for the integration of the microgrid into the electricity market will be discussed. Solar and wind energy as well as hybrid storage with hydrogen, as renewable sources, will be considered, which allows management of the energy balance on different time scales. The Machine Learning method of Decision Trees, combined with ensemble methods, will also be introduced to study the optimization of microgrids. The conclusions obtained indicate that the development of suitable controllers can facilitate a competitive participation of renewable energies and the integration of microgrids in the electricity system

Optimizing plug-in electric vehicle charging in interaction with a small office building

This paper considers the integration of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) in micro-grids. Extending a theoretical framework for mobile storage connection, the economic analysis here turns to the interactions of commuters and their driving behavior with office buildings. An illustrative example for a real office building is reported. The chosen system includes solar thermal, photovoltaic, combined heat and power generation as well as an array of plug-in electric vehicles with a combined aggregated capaci-ty of 864 kWh. With the benefit-sharing mechanism proposed here and idea-lized circumstances, estimated cost savings of 5% are possible. Different pricing schemes were applied which include flat rates, demand charges, as well as hourly variable final customer tariffs and their effects on the operation of intermittent storage were revealed and examined in detail. Because the plug-in electric vehicle connection coincides with peak heat and electricity loads as well as solar radiation, it is possible to shift energy demand as desired in order to realize cost savings. --Battery storage,building management systems,dispersed storage and generation,electric vehicles,load management,microgrid,optimization methods,power system economics,road vehicle electric propulsion

The European electricity sector and the EU ETS review

The European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) has been reviewed and evaluated, and this paper surveys the positions of electricity producers and consumers on the review of the EU ETS. More specifically, the paper examines the positions of electricity producers and consumers on cap-setting and allocation method and discusses to what extent the views of electricity producers and consumers reflected in the Commission’s proposal for changes in the Directive on emissions trading. The paper finds that the Commission’s proposal is not in line with the positions of the electricity producers. The electricity sector is the only sector – together with carbon capture and storage – where the principle of auctioning is applied from 2013. Nor did the electricity-producing sector succeed in getting an equal burden-sharing between the trading and non-trading sectors. The alliance of energy-intensive industries was far more successful as the Commission’s proposal opens for free quotas, alternatively a carbon equalisation system in the energy-intensive sector