1,450 research outputs found
An Image-Space Split-Rendering Approach to Accelerate Low-Powered Virtual Reality
Virtual Reality systems provide many opportunities for scientific research
and consumer enjoyment; however, they are more demanding than traditional
desktop applications and require a wired connection to desktops in order to
enjoy maximum quality. Standalone options that are not connected to computers
exist, yet they are powered by mobile GPUs, which provide limited power in
comparison to desktop rendering. Alternative approaches to improve performance
on mobile devices use server rendering to render frames for a client and treat
the client largely as a display device. However, current streaming solutions
largely suffer from high end-to-end latency due to processing and networking
requirements, as well as underutilization of the client. We propose a networked
split-rendering approach to achieve faster end-to-end image presentation rates
on the mobile device while preserving image quality. Our proposed solution uses
an image-space division of labour between the server-side GPU and the mobile
client, and achieves a significantly faster runtime than client-only rendering
and than using a thin-client approach, which is mostly reliant on the server
The imprint of dissipation on the shapes of merger remnant LOSVDs
The properties of elliptical galaxies are broadly consistent with simulated
remnants of gas-rich mergers between spirals, motivating more detailed studies
of the imprint of this formation mechanism on the remnant distribution
function. Gas has a strong impact on the non-Gaussian shapes of the
line-of-sight velocity distributions (LOSVDs) of the merger remnant, owing to
the embedded disk that forms out of the gas that retains its angular momentum
during the merger, and the strong central mass concentration from the gas that
falls to the center. The deviations from Gaussianity are parametrized by the
Gauss-Hermite moments h_3 and h_4, which are related to the skewness and
kurtosis of the LOSVDs. We quantify the dependence of the (h_3,h_4)-v/sigma
relations on the initial gas fraction of the progenitor disks in 1:1 mergers,
using Gadget-2 simulations including star formation, radiative cooling, and
feedback from supernovae and AGN. For gas fractions f_gas < ~15% the overall
correlation between h_3 and v/sigma is weak, consisting of a flat negatively
correlated component arising from edge-on viewing angles plus a steep
positively correlated part from face-on projections. The spread in v/sigma
values decreases toward high positive h_4, and there is a trend toward lower
h_4 as the gas fraction increases from 0 to 15%. For f_gas > ~20% the (h_3,4)-
v/sigma distributions look quite different - there is a tight negative h_3-
v/sigma correlation, and a wide spread in v/sigma values at all h_4, in better
agreement with observations. Re-mergers of the high-f_gas remnants (dry
mergers) produce slowly rotating systems with nearly Gaussian LOSVDs. We
explain all of these trends in terms of the underlying orbit structure of the
remnants, as molded by their dissipative formation histories.Comment: ApJ accepted - added some references and background on previous
studies. 9 pages, 4 figure
Web-Based Visualization of Very Large Scientific Astronomy Imagery
Visualizing and navigating through large astronomy images from a remote
location with current astronomy display tools can be a frustrating experience
in terms of speed and ergonomics, especially on mobile devices. In this paper,
we present a high performance, versatile and robust client-server system for
remote visualization and analysis of extremely large scientific images.
Applications of this work include survey image quality control, interactive
data query and exploration, citizen science, as well as public outreach. The
proposed software is entirely open source and is designed to be generic and
applicable to a variety of datasets. It provides access to floating point data
at terabyte scales, with the ability to precisely adjust image settings in
real-time. The proposed clients are light-weight, platform-independent web
applications built on standard HTML5 web technologies and compatible with both
touch and mouse-based devices. We put the system to the test and assess the
performance of the system and show that a single server can comfortably handle
more than a hundred simultaneous users accessing full precision 32 bit
astronomy data.Comment: Published in Astronomy & Computing. IIPImage server available from
http://iipimage.sourceforge.net . Visiomatic code and demos available from
http://www.visiomatic.org
Departures From Axisymmetric Morphology and Dynamics in Spiral Galaxies
New HI synthesis data have been obtained for six face-on galaxies with the
Very Large Array. These data and reanalyses of three additional data sets make
up a sample of nine face-on galaxies analyzed for deviations from axisymmetry
in morphology and dynamics. This sample represents a subsample of galaxies
already analyzed for morphological symmetry properties in the R-band. Four
quantitative measures of dynamical nonaxisymmetry are compared to one another
and to the quantitative measures of morphological asymmetry in HI and R-band to
investigate the relationships between nonaxisymmetric morphology and dynamics.
We find no significant relationship between asymmetric morphology and most of
the dynamical measures in our sample. A possible relationship is found,
however, between morphology and dynamical position angle differences between
approaching and receding sides of the galaxy.Comment: 24 pages, 19 figures, AASTeX, accepted for publication in AJ,
postscript figures available at
ftp://culebra.tn.cornell.edu/pub/david/figures.tar.g
Appearance Preserving Rendering of Out-of-Core Polygon and NURBS Models
In Computer Aided Design (CAD) trimmed NURBS surfaces are widely used due to their flexibility. For rendering and simulation however, piecewise linear representations of these objects are required. A relatively new field in CAD is the analysis of long-term strain tests. After such a test the object is scanned with a 3d laser scanner for further processing on a PC. In all these areas of CAD the number of primitives as well as their complexity has grown constantly in the recent years. This growth is exceeding the increase of processor speed and memory size by far and posing the need for fast out-of-core algorithms. This thesis describes a processing pipeline from the input data in the form of triangular or trimmed NURBS models until the interactive rendering of these models at high visual quality. After discussing the motivation for this work and introducing basic concepts on complex polygon and NURBS models, the second part of this thesis starts with a review of existing simplification and tessellation algorithms. Additionally, an improved stitching algorithm to generate a consistent model after tessellation of a trimmed NURBS model is presented. Since surfaces need to be modified interactively during the design phase, a novel trimmed NURBS rendering algorithm is presented. This algorithm removes the bottleneck of generating and transmitting a new tessellation to the graphics card after each modification of a surface by evaluating and trimming the surface on the GPU. To achieve high visual quality, the appearance of a surface can be preserved using texture mapping. Therefore, a texture mapping algorithm for trimmed NURBS surfaces is presented. To reduce the memory requirements for the textures, the algorithm is modified to generate compressed normal maps to preserve the shading of the original surface. Since texturing is only possible, when a parametric mapping of the surface - requiring additional memory - is available, a new simplification and tessellation error measure is introduced that preserves the appearance of the original surface by controlling the deviation of normal vectors. The preservation of normals and possibly other surface attributes allows interactive visualization for quality control applications (e.g. isophotes and reflection lines). In the last part out-of-core techniques for processing and rendering of gigabyte-sized polygonal and trimmed NURBS models are presented. Then the modifications necessary to support streaming of simplified geometry from a central server are discussed and finally and LOD selection algorithm to support interactive rendering of hard and soft shadows is described
Mobile graphics: SIGGRAPH Asia 2017 course
Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version
A Sparse Voxel Octree-Based Framework for Computing Solar Radiation Using 3D City Models
abstract: An effective three-dimensional (3D) data representation is required to assess the spatial distribution of the photovoltaic potential over urban building roofs and facades using 3D city models. Voxels have long been used as a spatial data representation, but practical applications of the voxel representation have been limited compared with rasters in traditional two-dimensional (2D) geographic information systems (GIS). We propose to use sparse voxel octree (SVO) as a data representation to extend the GRASS GIS r.sun solar radiation model from 2D to 3D. The GRASS GIS r.sun model is nested in an SVO-based computing framework. The presented 3D solar radiation computing framework was applied to 3D building groups of different geometric complexities to demonstrate its efficiency and scalability. We presented a method to explicitly compute diffuse shading losses in r.sun, and found that diffuse shading losses can reduce up to 10% of the annual global radiation under clear sky conditions. Hence, diffuse shading losses are of significant importance especially in complex urban environments
The SAMI Galaxy Survey: Gas Streaming and Dynamical M/L in Rotationally Supported Systems
Line-of-sight velocities of gas and stars can constrain dark matter (DM)
within rotationally supported galaxies if they trace circular orbits
extensively. Photometric asymmetries may signify non-circular motions,
requiring spectra with dense spatial coverage. Our integral-field spectroscopy
of 178 galaxies spanned the mass range of the SAMI Galaxy Survey. We derived
circular speed curves (CSCs) of gas and stars from non-parametric Diskfit fits
out to . For 12/14 with measured H I profiles, ionized gas and H I
maximum velocities agreed. We fitted mass-follows-light models to 163 galaxies
by approximating the radial starlight profile as nested, very flattened mass
homeoids viewed as a S\'ersic form. Fitting broad-band SEDs to SDSS images gave
median stellar mass/light 1.7 assuming a Kroupa IMF vs. 2.6 dynamically.
Two-thirds of the dynamical mass/light measures were consistent with
star+remnant IMFs. One-fifth required upscaled starlight to fit, hence
comparable mass of unobserved baryons and/or DM distributed similarly across
the SAMI aperture that came to dominate motions as the starlight CSC declined
rapidly. The rest had mass distributed differently from starlight. Subtracting
fits of S\'ersic profiles to 13 VIKING Z-band images revealed residual weak
bars. Near the bar PA, we assessed m = 2 streaming velocities, and found
deviations usually <30 km/s from the CSC; three showed no deviation. Thus,
asymmetries rarely influenced our CSCs despite co-located shock-indicating,
emission-line flux ratios in more than 2/3.Comment: 21 pages, 15 figures. Accepted to MNRA
Galaxy Distances in the Nearby Universe: Corrections For Peculiar Motions
By correcting the redshift--dependent distances for peculiar motions through
a number of peculiar velocity field models, we recover the true distances of a
wide, all-sky sample of nearby galaxies (~ 6400 galaxies with velocities
cz<5500 km/s), which is complete up to the blue magnitude B=14 mag. Relying on
catalogs of galaxy groups, we treat ~2700 objects as members of galaxy groups
and the remaining objects as field galaxies.
We model the peculiar velocity field using: i) a cluster dipole
reconstruction scheme; ii) a multi--attractor model fitted to the Mark II and
Mark III catalogs of galaxy peculiar velocities. According to Mark III data the
Great Attractor has a smaller influence on local dynamics than previously
believed, whereas the Perseus-Pisces and Shapley superclusters acquire a
specific dynamical role. Remarkably, the Shapley structure, which is found to
account for nearly half the peculiar motion of the Local Group, is placed by
Mark III data closer to the zone of avoidance with respect to its optical
position.
Our multi--attractor model based on Mark III data favors a cosmological
density parameter Omega ~ 0.5 (irrespective of a biasing factor of order
unity). Differences among distance estimates are less pronounced in the ~ 2000
- 4000 km/s distance range than at larger or smaller distances. In the last
regions these differences have a serious impact on the 3D maps of the galaxy
distribution and on the local galaxy density --- on small scales.Comment: 24 pages including (9 eps figures and 7 tables). Figures 1,2,3,4 are
available only upon request. Accepted by Ap
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