Optimization of light and nutrients supply to stabilize long-term industrial cultivation of metabolically engineered cyanobacteria: a model-based analysis

5partially_openopenBattaglino, Beatrice; Arduino, Alessandro; Pagliano, Cristina; Sforza, Eleonora; Bertucco, AlbertoBattaglino, Beatrice; Arduino, Alessandro; Pagliano, Cristina; Sforza, Eleonora; Bertucco, Albert

Caterina Sforza and Experimenti Translation into English and historical-linguistic analysis of some of her recipes

Caterina Sforza, Countess of Forlì from 1480 to 1500, was an intrepid and shrewd ruler, a mother, a lover, a woman with an eager interest in every field of knowledge, especially in science and experiments. Throughout her whole life, she devoted herself to experimenting and collecting hundreds of alchemical, cosmetic and medical recipes in a manuscript today known as “Experimenti”. This paper will include two chapters: in the first one, a biography of Caterina Sforza will be presented, together with a paragraph dedicated to her passion for botany and chemistry, which represent the foundation for her collection of recipes. Then, the reader will find a narration of the many changes of ownership and adventurous vicissitudes her manuscript experienced, thanks to which it is today possible to access Caterina’s remedies. The second chapter will contain the translation into present-day English of six recipes found in “Experimenti”. Each translation will be followed by the historical-linguistic analysis of some key words extracted from the original recipes: the analysis will base on the comparison between their Renaissance Italian translation and their current English meaning and spelling. An essential tool for this will be John Florio’s dictionary, first published in 1598 and considered the first extensive Italian-English dictionary. The aim of this paper is not only to make Caterina’s experiments accessible to an English public, but also to explore the development of the English language on different levels. Firstly, its evolution in time, from Early Modern English to today’s English. Secondly, its evolution in space, taking into consideration its immense spread all over the world through colonization (which, at the time Caterina Sforza and John Florio were alive, had only just begun), and the consequent many varieties of English existing now. Thirdly, its evolution with regard to the Italian language and culture

Archduke Ludwig Salvator and Leptodirus Hohenwarti from Postojnska jama

Avtor predstavi zgodovinski preparat hroščka Leptodirus hohenwarti Schmidt, ki je bil nedavno najden v hiši Evgenija Sforze (1820-1894) v Toskani. Dejstvo, da je bil Sforza tutor in spremljevalec avstrijskega nadvojvode in naravoslovca Ludvika Salvatorja (1847-1915), navaja avtorico na domnevo, da je ta drobnovratnik v zvezi z njegovimi naravoslovnimi zbirkami. Hroščka naj bi Ludvik Salvator domnevno dobil v Postojni 1863, ko je v spremstvu Evgenija Sforze prvič obiskal Postojnsko jamo.The author presents a historic preparation of a Leptodirus hohenwarti Schmidt recently found in the house of Eugenio Sforza (1820-1894) in Toscana.Because of the fact that Sforza has been the tutor and equerry of the Austrian Archduke and natural scientist Ludwig Salvator (1847-1915) a connection is presumed between Ludwig Salvator’s natural history collections and the Leptodirus-specimen, which was in the author’s opinion acquired in Postojna in 1863 on the occasion of Ludwig Salvator’s first visit to the caves, accompagnied by Eugenio Sforza

THE INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT POSTURAL POSITIONS AND VISUAL INPUT ON RECRUITMENT OF MASTICATORY MUSCLES: A FEASIBILITY STUDY

reserved9mixedRozin Kleiner, Ana Francisca; Pimenta Ferreira, Cláudia Lucia; Cestaro, Giovana; Fosatto Luiz, Regiani Elvira; da Silva, Vania Daniela Ramos; Nanussi, Alessandro; Zago, Matteo; Sforza, Chiarella; Galli, ManuelaRozin Kleiner, Ana Francisca; Pimenta Ferreira, Cláudia Lucia; Cestaro, Giovana; Fosatto Luiz, Regiani Elvira; da Silva, Vania Daniela Ramos; Nanussi, Alessandro; Zago, Matteo; Sforza, Chiarella; Galli, Manuel

Reachability problems for a wave-wave system with a memory term

We solve the reachability problem for a coupled wave-wave system with an integro-differential term. The control functions act on one side of the boundary. The estimates on the time is given in terms of the parameters of the problem and they are explicitly computed thanks to Ingham type results. Nevertheless some restrictions appear in our main results. The Hilbert Uniqueness Method is briefly recalled. Our findings can be applied to concrete examples in viscoelasticity theor

Phylogenetic analysis of the evolution of lactose digestion in adults

In most of the world's population the ability to digest lactose declines sharply after infancy, High lactose digestion capacity in adults is common only in populations of European and circum-Mediterranean origin and is thought to be an evolutionary adaptation to millennia of drinking milk from domestic livestock, Milk can also be consumed in a processed form, such as cheese or soured milk, which has a reduced lactose content, Two other selective pressures for drinking fresh milk with a high lactose content have been proposed: promotion of calcium uptake in high-latitude populations prone to vitamin-D deficiency and maintainance of water and electrolytes in the body in highly arid environments, These three hypotheses are all supported by the geographic distribution of high lactose digestion capacity in adults. However, the relationships between environmental variables and adult lactose digestion capacity are highly confounded by the shared ancestry of many populations whose lactose digestion capacity has been tested, The three hypotheses for the evolution of high adult lactose digestion capacity are tested here using a comparative method of analysis that takes the problem of phylogenetic confounding into account, This analysis supports the hypothesis that high adult lactose digestion capacity is an adaptation to dairying but does not support the hypotheses that lactose digestion capacity is additionally selected for either at high latitudes or in highly arid environments. Furthermore, methods using maximum likelihood are used to show that the evolution of milking preceded the evolution of high lactose digestion

Autonomic pain responses during sleep: a study of heart rate variability

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) reacts to nociceptive stimulation during sleep, but whether this reaction is contingent to cortical arousal, and whether one of the autonomic arms (sympathetic/parasympathetic) predominates over the other remains unknown. We assessed ANS reactivity to nociceptive stimulation during all sleep stages through heart rate variability, and correlated the results with the presence of cortical arousal measured in concomitant 32-channel EEG. Fourteen healthy volunteers underwent whole-night polysomnography during which nociceptive laser stimuli were applied over the hand. RR intervals (RR) and spectral analysis by wavelet transform were performed to assess parasympathetic (HF(WV)) and sympathetic (LF(WV) and LF(WV)/HF(WV) ratio) reactivity. During all sleep stages, RR significantly decreased in reaction to nociceptive stimulations, reaching a level similar to that of wakefulness, at the 3rd beat post-stimulus and returning to baseline after seven beats. This RR decrease was associated with an increase in sympathetic LF(WV) and LF(WV)/HF(WV) ratio without any parasympathetic HF(WV) change. Albeit RR decrease existed even in the absence of arousals, it was significantly higher when an arousal followed the noxious stimulus. These results suggest that the sympathetic-dependent cardiac activation induced by nociceptive stimuli is modulated by a sleep dependent phenomenon related to cortical activation and not by sleep itself, since it reaches a same intensity whatever the state of vigilance

The Neolithic transition in Europe: archaeological models and genetic evidence

The major pattern in the European gene pool is a southeast-northwest frequency gradient of classic genetic markers such as blood groups, which population geneticists initially attributed to the demographic impact of Neolithic farmers dispersing from the Near East. Molecular genetics has enriched this picture, with analyses of mitochondrial DNA and the Y chromosome allowing a more detailed exploration of alternative models for the spread of the Neolithic into Europe. This paper considers a range of possible models in the light of the detailed information now emerging from genetic studies

"Sunt Picentes natura mobiles novisque studentes". Francesco Sforza e le citt\ue0 della Marca di Ancona (1433-1447)

Il saggio indaga le forme di dominazione degli Sforza nelle Marche e privilegia la configurazione dei rapporti fra Francesco Sforza e le comunit\ue0 locali. A tale proposito, le fonti lasciano emergere tecniche, lessici e spazi di potere del tutto comparabili a quelli adottati nei coevi stati regionali: con queste ultime realt\ue0 il saggio intende stabilire rapporti e riscontri, anche sulla base delle pi\uf9 recenti acquisizioni storiografiche