882 research outputs found

    Self-Automaton Semigroups

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    After reviewing automaton semigroups, we introduce Cayley Automata and the corresponding Cayley Automaton semigroups. We investigate which semigroups are isomorphic to their Cayley Automaton semigroup and give some results for special classes of semigroups. We answer a question posed by Cain relating to the dual construction.Comment: 18 page

    Enumeration of idempotents in planar diagram monoids

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    We classify and enumerate the idempotents in several planar diagram monoids: namely, the Motzkin, Jones (a.k.a. Temperley-Lieb) and Kauffman monoids. The classification is in terms of certain vertex- and edge-coloured graphs associated to Motzkin diagrams. The enumeration is necessarily algorithmic in nature, and is based on parameters associated to cycle components of these graphs. We compare our algorithms to existing algorithms for enumerating idempotents in arbitrary (regular *-) semigroups, and give several tables of calculated values.Comment: Majorly revised (new title, new abstract, one additional author), 24 pages, 6 figures, 8 tables, 5 algorithm

    Profinite Groups Associated to Sofic Shifts are Free

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    We show that the maximal subgroup of the free profinite semigroup associated by Almeida to an irreducible sofic shift is a free profinite group, generalizing an earlier result of the second author for the case of the full shift (whose corresponding maximal subgroup is the maximal subgroup of the minimal ideal). A corresponding result is proved for certain relatively free profinite semigroups. We also establish some other analogies between the kernel of the free profinite semigroup and the \J-class associated to an irreducible sofic shift

    Representation Theory of Finite Semigroups, Semigroup Radicals and Formal Language Theory

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    In this paper we characterize the congruence associated to the direct sum of all irreducible representations of a finite semigroup over an arbitrary field, generalizing results of Rhodes for the field of complex numbers. Applications are given to obtain many new results, as well as easier proofs of several results in the literature, involving: triangularizability of finite semigroups; which semigroups have (split) basic semigroup algebras, two-sided semidirect product decompositions of finite monoids; unambiguous products of rational languages; products of rational languages with counter; and \v{C}ern\'y's conjecture for an important class of automata

    On union ultrafilters

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    We present some new results on union ultrafilters. We characterize stability for union ultrafilters and, as the main result, we construct a new kind of unordered union ultrafilter
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