基于引文内容分析的引用情感识别研究

［目的/意义］针对自动识别论文引用情感问题，提出一种基于引文内容分析的识别方法并进行可视化展示，克服基于简单引用频次计量无法区分不同引用情感的问题。［方法/过程］首先，利用正则表达式抽取出论文全文中的引文内容信息; 然后，利用 TF-IDF 算法筛选出引用情感特征词，结合情感词典，利用情感分析技术对引文内容进行引用情感识别; 最后，利用可视化工具展示出引用情感整体分布情况。［结果/结论］该方法能够有效识别出抗衰老领域论文数据集中引用情感情况。实验结果显示，该领域正面引用占总引用次数的21% ，中立引用占总引用次数的 78% ，负面引用仅占总引用次数的 1% 。与传统引文网络相比较，基于引用情感的可视化图谱可以有效识别出不同引用情感在整体数据集合上的分布情况。</p

Japan’s response to the rise of China: implications for regional institutions.

This dissertation set out to establish why it was that East Asian regional organizations were proliferating even under the condition of a Sino-Japanese rivalry. In particular, it examined the effects of the rise of China on Japan‘s regional policy and its outcomes. To do so, the dissertation adopted an eclectic approach, testing each of the main international relations theories against the story of Sino-Japanese relations within the studied regional institutions of East Asia. It adopted such an approach because no one theory of international relations was able to explain both the cause of and actual outcomes of institution building. Throughout all the regional institutions examined, one trend emerged. Whether in trade, finance, security or development, East Asian regionalism has become ‘networked.’ This networked outcome is more flexible than European or American-type regionalism, allowing for any dyad to calibrate their commitments as they please without reference to a regional standard. But as long as agreement on common rules for East Asia remains unforthcoming, this networked regionalism will not lead into more formalistic, deeper cooperation. This trend toward a ‘networked‘ or bilateral-type of regionalism was traceable back to Japan‘s response to China‘s rise. Rather than trying to build a regionally hegemonic core around which institutions for trade, finance, aid and security might be built, Japan has sought to go it alone. In the field of security, this was understandable from a realist perceptive, but only after a constructivist strategy had failed earlier. In the field of aid, Japan was better able to coordinate with China in a manner that liberalism suggests, but even here Japan was building up alternative bilateral structures. In the field of finance, Japan has competed with China in a manner realism would predict, but due to world level factors this has in fact spilled over into greater regional cooperation. Likewise in the field of trade, Japan has competed with China, giving rise to a situation in which institution building is actually harmed. In conclusion, this dissertation was able to contribute to the literature by revealing the mechanisms by which a bilateral relationship impacts on institution building and to theorize about some of the likely institutional outcomes in the various fields.Thesis (Ph.D.)-- University of Adelaide, School of Social Sciences and Humanities, 201

Looking Beyond the Border: The Sino-Indian Border Dispute and Sino-Indian Relations

As the two most populous nations and Asia’s two largest and most dynamic societies, China and India have become the world’s most important economies and their participation and influence in regional and world affairs has increased over time. However, the relationship between the two Asian giants has not been an easy one. The border dispute, a colonial legacy, has existed since the very beginning of the relationship between the two new nation-states, established at the end of the 1940s.The border issue is one of the most protracted and complicated problems between the two countries. It is like a mirror, reflecting the ebbs and flows of the relationship between India and China. It does not stand alone but is related to many other bilateral and international issues. Each time other events block the relationship, the border negotiations are also prevented from making any progress. Here the role of the border dispute between India and China is explored from a negotiation perspective, and within a constructivist framework, by emphasising ideational factors in the decision-making process. The author divides the Sino-Indian border dispute into two distinct stages, conflict escalation and conflict de-escalation, in order to achieve this goal. She also places a focus on border trade and on the newly built Qinghai-Tibet Railway which are both supposed to have played a significant role in enhancing people-to-people contact along the border. After exploring the ripeness of an ultimate settlement of the border dispute, the author concludes that there is no winner or loser from an historical and holistic perspective and that both parties have won and lost in different aspects. Now is the time to test the wisdom of the political leaders in finding a mutually acceptable solution. The crucial basis of a healthy relationship is the enhancement of mutual trust between the two countries, which could be promoted by institution-building at the bilateral and multilateral levels

Reconciling Japan and China

The conflict-resolution literature offers new insights to reconciling parties in conflict. This article applies that literature, along with political-science approaches, to the seemingly intractable China-Japan rivalry. Proceeding from the standpoint that China and Japan need one another, and should manage their conflict for mutual benefit, the article suggests several steps they may take—bilaterally, in multilateral settings, and in civil society—to reduce tensions and promote better understanding

Astrophysicists’ conversational connections on Twitter

Because Twitter and other social media are increasingly used for analyses based on altmetrics, this research sought to understand what contexts, affordance use, and social activities influence the tweeting behavior of astrophysicists. Thus, the presented study has been guided by three research questions that consider the influence of astrophysicists’ activities (i.e., publishing and tweeting frequency) and of their tweet construction and affordance use (i.e. use of hashtags, language, and emotions) on the conversational connections they have on Twitter. We found that astrophysicists communicate with a variety of user types (e.g. colleagues, science communicators, other researchers, and educators) and that in the ego networks of the astrophysicists clear groups consisting of users with different professional roles can be distinguished. Interestingly, the analysis of noun phrases and hashtags showed that when the astrophysicists address the different groups of very different professional composition they use very similar terminology, but that they do not talk to each other (i.e. mentioning other user names in tweets). The results also showed that in those areas of the ego networks that tweeted more the sentiment of the tweets tended to be closer to neutral, connecting frequent tweeting with information sharing activities rather than conversations or expressing opinions

Verifying and Looking into Data: Validity of Mathematics Curriculum Based Measures

The mathematical performance of U.S. students has drawn attention from the field of education as well as the public sector. An integral component of the nationwide initiative to improve mathematics instruction is using data for decision-making. However, data is only useful if it is reliable and valid, which requires technically sound measures. This dissertation includes two articles: (a) a literature review on the criterion validity of mathematics curriculum-based measures and (b) a correlational study analyzing the criterion validity of a mathematics curriculum-based measure. The first study is a review of the literature that administered mathematics curriculum-based measures (m-CBMs) and examined the criterion validity of the scores. The review includes 40 articles that met the following criteria: (a) published in a peer-review journal, (b) administered a m-CBM with school age students, (c) reported quantitative data regarding the validity of scores, and (d) was published in English. Variables were identified and coded that may moderate the validity of scores produced, these variables included the mathematical focus of the measure and administration protocol (i.e., timing, paper pencil/computer, proctor, and grouping [i.e., classwide, small group, individual]). Results suggest concepts and applications m-CBMs yielded the strongest validity coefficients to standardized measures of mathematics performance for students in upper elementary and middle school. Scores from numeracy measures indicate evidence of criterion validity to standardized measures of mathematical achievement for early elementary students. There was no evidence the proctor or grouping moderate the validity; a mismatch between the administration format or the m-CBM and the criterion measure may affect the validity. The second article analyzes the criterion validity of a computer adaptive m-CBM used for universal screening purposes. Data from 1195 students in third through eighth grade attending four schools located in the rural Southern U.S. were included. Correlational analyses were used to identify the predictive and concurrent validity of the computer adaptive m-CBM to the end-of-year state assessment. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to identify whether student demographic variables (i.e., gender, race, free and reduced meals, limited English proficiency, special education, Section 504) moderated the validity. Results suggest the m-CBM had strong criterion validity to the end-of-year state assessment across grades. Validity coefficients were strongest to the major content domain and the weakest to the additional and supporting content. Moderator analyses reveal that the demographic variables: gender, SPED, FARMS, Section 504, and LEP moderated the criterion validity of m-CBM

Expanding Educational Empires: The USA, Great Britain, and British Africa, circa 1902-1944

“Expanding Educational Empires” explores the interventions of American philanthropic foundations in educational programs for British Africa after the First World War. It reveals the extent to which a discourse of education – pedagogy and research – allowed American philanthropic groups, and the numerous governmental and nongovernmental organizations with which they cooperated, to shape the interwar British Empire, and institutionalize a colonial ideology that aligned with American corporate and cultural interests. American philanthropists portrayed these interwar colonial activities as benevolent, apolitical enterprises, glossing over the fact that their influence over the overlapping agencies with which they cooperated filtered easily into official organs of power. By the 1940s, when the Anglo-American partnership no longer served the interests of American-based global capital, American philanthropists performed an effortless volte-face against a mercantilist British Empire. They now found it expedient to invoke both their nation’s ingrained hostility to colonialism and their expertise in native affairs, which had been attained primarily through support of interwar British imperialism, as justification for meddling in the postwar international arena, using education to construct a global community committed to corporate American preferences. This project investigates the close collaboration between American and British agents in the formulation of interwar colonial education, exposing it as a comprehensive program that entailed accumulating knowledge about British territories, particularly in Africa, and disseminating the findings worldwide, thereby establishing new ideological and economic international assumptions. It reveals that American interference in this ambitious project constituted an extension of the longstanding domestic state-building endeavors of early-twentieth-century American philanthropic foundation managers, and their partners. The “unofficial”, humanitarian framework of education allowed a web of American agents to smoothly and remarkably embed themselves in a foreign government’s operations with the ulterior motive of powering American international influence, a story that has significant implications today

Water, Water Everywhere…? Examining Approaches to Rural Water Scarcity in Mindanao

This research addresses two themes: water scarcity and water resource management in the Philippines. Since 2004 the Philippines had been involved in the meeting the country’s Millennium Development Goal’s safe water target. Significant improvements have been achieved in access to drinking water in the rural areas, increasing coverage from 73 per cent to 91 per cent in 2012. Despite this achievement, there are still approximately 4.5 million rural residents in the country without access to safe water. I use the persistence of waterlessness in rural Philippines as a lens to examine the problems of the standardized approach to rural water provision in the Philippines. The core research question informing the research is: how do the conceptualisations of water scarcity by the households and the institutions that are tasked to manage it influence water access? I use ethnographic methodologies combined with mapping techniques to examine the experiences of rural villagers in three different case study sites that were identified as water scarce/waterless in the Province of Agusan del Sur in Mindanao in the Southern Philippines. These three villages characterize three landscapes (uplands, lowlands and wetlands) that face distinctive types of water scarcity issues. The empirical exploration of people’s experiences gives rise to questions how a basic service such as domestic water supply is provisioned by the state. In this regard, the communities’ practices of accessing and using water, government practices of providing water in the villages and the biophysical conditions of the area are points of interest. The case studies reveal that standardized approach to water scarcity, which assumes the communities’ water problems relate to lack of investment and infrastructure and mostly focusing on engineering solutions to provide groundwater, fails to address the concerns of the local people who perceived water scarcity in different ways than the government agencies. In some cases it does not work because it is not technically possible due to the site’s geology and hydrology, in others it does not address the problem of inadequacy of water for domestic needs of the community, or in some its salinity is unacceptable for the community. The study demonstrates the importance of examining the specific context of situations where water access is an issue. It also shows the value of ethnographic methodology in such research

Church unity movement in early twentieth-century China: Cheng Jingyi and the Church of Christ in China

The pursuit of church indigeneity and unity was a two-fold theme throughout the history of twentieth-century Chinese Christianity. Modern scholarship has generated a good number of studies regarding church indigeneity, but has neglected the parallel trend towards interdenominational co-operation and church union in China. This thesis endeavours to remedy this deficiency. The thesis examines the process of the quest of Chinese Protestants for a united indigenous church, focusing on Cheng Jingyi (1881-1939), one of the key figures in the early twentieth-century ecumenical movement. Additionally, it pays particular attention to the Church of Christ in China as a case study. It discusses the feasibility of the ecumenical convictions which were shared by a considerable number of mainline Chinese Protestants, with Cheng Jingyi as a representative, and evaluates the legacy of the church unity movement in early twentieth-century China. The thesis argues that the church unity movement within the mainline Chinese churches differed from the ecumenical movement in the West, which aimed to realise fraternal co-operation and even union among various denominations. In China the aim was to establish a single national church on a federal pattern, reflecting a Chinese indigenous understanding of ecumenism and ecclesiology. It also reflected a broader vision of the Christian church than that exhibited by the majority of the independent Chinese Protestant groups or by the Chinese church under the control of the Three-Self Patriotic Movement during the 1950s. Based on the conviction of the universal nature of the church in which the Chinese church was an indispensable part, the church unity movement in China surpassed a narrowly nationalistic vision. Nonetheless, the good intentions of the Church of Christ in China were overshadowed by its dependence on foreign subsidies. The church never achieved ‘three-self’ status: it was self-governing and self-propagating, but never self supporting. As such its goal of indigeneity was never fully realised