Simulation of Power Control of a Wind Turbine Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator System

This thesis presents a control system for a 2MW direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous generator wind turbine system with the objectives to capture the optimal power from the wind and ensure a maximum efficiency for this system. Moreover, in order to eliminate the electrical speed sensor mounted on the rotor shaft of the PMSG to reduce the system hardware complexity and improve the reliability of the system, a sliding mode observer based PM rotor position and speed sensorless control algorithm is presented here. The mathematical models for the wind turbine and the permanent magnet synchronous machine are first given in this thesis, and then optimal power control algorithms for this system are presented. The optimal tip speed ratio based maximum power point tracking control is utilized to ensure the maximum power capture for the system. The field oriented control algorithm is applied to control the speed of the PMSG with the reference of the wind speed. In the grid-side converter control, voltage oriented control algorithm is applied to regulate the active and reactive power injected into the power grid. What is more, sliding mode observer based sensorless control algorithm is also presented here. The simulation study is carried out based on MATLAB/Simulink to validate the proposed system control algorithms

Prädiktive Regelung und Finite-Set-Beobachter für Windgeneratoren mit variabler Drehgeschwindigkeit

This dissertation presents several model predictive control (MPC) techniques and finite-position-set observers (FPSOs) for permanent-magnet synchronous generators and doubly-fed induction generators in variable-speed wind turbines. The proposed FPSOs are novel ones and based on the concept of finite-control-set MPC. Then, the problems of the MPC techniques like sensitivity to variations of the model parameters and others are investigated and solved in this work.Die vorliegende Dissertation stellt mehrere unterschiedliche Verfahren der modellprädiktiven Regelung (MPC) und so genannte Finite-Position-Set-Beobachter (FPSO) sowohl für Synchrongeneratoren mit Permanentmagneterregung als auch für doppelt gespeiste Asynchrongeneratoren in Windkraftanlagen mit variabler Drehzahl vor und untersucht diese. Für die Beobachter (FPSO) wird ein neuartiger Ansatz vorgestellt, der auf dem Konzept der Finite-Control-Set-MPC basiert. Außerdem werden typische Eigenschaften der MPC wie beispielsweise die Anfälligkeit gegenüber Parameterschwankungen untersucht und kompensiert

A Maximum Power Point Tracking Control Algorithms for a PMSG‐based WECS for Isolated Applications: Critical Review

This chapter deals with a comprehensive overview study of the direct‐driven (DD) permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) for wind‐energy generation system for stand‐alone applications. The dynamic model of PMSG is presented, and different maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms have been realized in the aim to compare their performance. A comparison of performances of the conventional P&O MPPT and the fuzzy logic P&O (FLC P&O) MPPT is presented. Control technique for the presented system is presented and analyzed for the generator side converter. The simulation results carried out using Matlab/Simulink software show the effectiveness of the wind turbine control system

A Discrete-Time Direct-Torque Control for Direct-Drive PMSG-Based Wind Energy Conversion Systems

This paper proposes a novel flux space vector-based direct-torque control (DTC) scheme for permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs) used in variable-speed direct drive wind energy conversion systems (WECSs). The discrete time control law, which is derived from the perspective of flux space vectors and load angle, predicts the desired stator flux vector for the next time-step with the torque and stator flux information only. The space-vector modulation (SVM) is then employed to generate the reference voltage vector, leading to a fixed switching frequency as well as lower flux and torque ripples when compared to the conventional DTC. Compared with other SVM-based DTC methods in the literature, the proposed DTC scheme eliminates the use of PI regulators and is less dependent on machine parameters, e.g., stator inductances and permanent magnet flux linkage, while the main advantages of the DTC, e.g., fast dynamic response and no need of coordinate transform, are preserved. The proposed DTC scheme is applicable for both nonsalient-pole and salient-pole PMSGs. The overall control scheme is simple to implement and is robust to parameter uncertainties and variations of the PMSGs. The effectiveness of the proposed discrete-time DTC scheme is verified by simulation and experimental results on a 180 W salient-pole PMSG and a 2.4-kW nonsalient-pole PMSG used in variable-speed direct-drive WECSs

Comparative study of speed estimators with highly noisymeasurement signals for Wind Energy Generation Systems

This paper presents a comparative study of several speed estimators to implement a sensorless speed control loop in Wind Energy Generation Systems driven by power factor correction three-phase boost rectifiers. This rectifier topology reduces the low frequency harmonics contents of the generator currents and, consequently, the generator power factor approaches unity whereas undesired vibrations of the mechanical system decrease. For implementation of the speed estimators, the compared techniques start from the measurement of electrical variables like currents and voltages, which contain low frequency harmonics of the fundamental frequency of the wind generator, as well as switching frequency components due to the boost rectifier. In this noisy environment it has been analyzed the performance of the following estimation techniques: Synchronous Reference Frame Phase Locked Loop, speed reconstruction by measuring the dc current and voltage of the rectifier and speed estimation by means of both an Extended Kalman Filter and a Linear Kalman Filter. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.The first author thanks the support of the Instituto Politecnico Nacional (IPN) to finance his stay at the Universidad Politecnica de Valencia (UPV). This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under Grant ENE2009-13998-C02-02.Carranza Castillo, O.; Figueres Amorós, E.; Garcerá Sanfeliú, G.; González Morales, LG. (2011). Comparative study of speed estimators with highly noisymeasurement signals for Wind Energy Generation Systems. Applied Energy. 88(3):805-813. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.07.039S80581388

Genetic algorithm optimized robust nonlinear observer for a wind turbine system based on permanent magnet synchronous generator

© 2022 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. This is the accepted manuscript version of an article which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2022.02.004This paper presents an optimal control scheme for a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) coupled to a wind turbine operating without a position sensor. This sensorless scheme includes two observers: The first observer uses the flux to estimate the speed. However, an increase in the temperature or a degradation of the permanent magnet characteristics will result in a demagnetization of the machine causing a drop in the flux. The second observer is therefore used to estimate these changes in the flux from the speed and guaranties the stability of the system. This structure leads to a better exchange of information between the two observers, eliminates the problem of encoder and compensates for the demagnetization problem. To improve the precision of the speed estimator, the gain of the non-linear observer is optimized using Genetic Algorithm (GA) and the speed is obtained from a modified Phase Locked Loop (PLL) method using an optimized Sliding Mode Controller (SMC). Furthermore, to enhance the convergence speed of this observer scheme and improve the performance of the system a Fast Super Twisting Sliding Mode Control (FSTSMC) is introduced to reinforce the SMC strategy. A series of simulations are presented to show the effectiveness and robustness of proposed observer scheme.Peer reviewe

New Hybrid Sensorless Speed of a Non-Salient Pole PMSG Coupled to Wind turbine Using a Modified Switching Algorithm

©2019 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. his manuscript is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). For further details please see: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/The paper focuses on the design of position and speed observers for the rotor of a non-salient pole permanent magnet synchronous generator (NSPPMSG) coupled to a wind turbine. With the random nature of wind speed this observer is required to provide a position and speed estimates over a wide speed range. The proposed hybrid structure combines two observers and a switching algorithm to select the appropriate observer based on a modified weighting coefficients method. The first observer is a higher-order sliding mode observer (HOSMO) based on modified super twisting algorithm (STA) with correction term and operates in the medium and nominal wind speed ranges. The second observer is used in the low speed range and is based on the rotor flux estimation and the control by injecting a direct reference current different to zero. The stability of each observer has been successfully assessed using an appropriate Lyapunov function. The simulation results obtained show the effectiveness and performance of the proposed observer and control scheme.Peer reviewe

Dynamic Modeling for Open- and Closed-loop Control of PMSG based WECS with Fuzzy Logic Controllers

The high risk in developing a more advanced wind power generator with scientific and technological know-how, heavy loss in maintaining the accessories of a wind plant and stochastic nature of wind energy make the maximum energy retrieval questionable, but still optimum wind energy extraction can be achieved by operating the wind turbine generator (WTG) in a variable-speed, variable-frequency mode with different types of wind electric generators (WEGs). In this chapter, maximum power from wind using permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) is made possible by using intelligent controllers, namely fuzzy logic controllers. The chapter also discusses the simulated results obtained from modeling, simulation, and analysis of this PMSG-based wind energy conversion system (WECS) for both open- and closed-loop control strategies. PMSG suffers drastically from load and strong decay of magnetic field, which tends to reduce the generated voltage at the stator terminals, making it difficult for isolated operation and thus the whole analysis is done with grid-connected network. The other major limitations include loss of flexibility in field flux control, hence intelligent techniques like fuzzy logic mechanism are attempted along with space-vector modulation (SVM) to have a smooth control of field flux and load power management in PMSG