Position estimation in indoor localization with trilateration

Triangulateration uses geometric distance to estimate the location of user by employing techniques like received signal strength (RSS), time-of-arrival (TOA), time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) and image processing. Radio frequency (RF) signal positioning using TOA or TDOA techniques generally requires timing synchronization of the anchors and/or the anchors and targets. If the desired position accuracy is high and coverage area is large, timing synchronization will be an extremely challenging issue. The first part of this dissertation focuses on improving the performance or deployability of indoor localization systems. Specifically, we propose a synchronization-free positioning network architecture that eliminates the need of timing synchronization. Another problem that remains unsolved in RF based localization is the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) problem, which greatly degrades the positioning performance. We propose a semidefinite programing (SDP) with a soft-minimal method and an NLOS link identification method with bias deduction to mitigate the NLOS error TOA systems. For TDOA systems, NLOS mitigation is more difficult since a reference should be fixed first. To overcome this problem, we propose a method to transform the TDOA architecture into a TOA one, and then form a SDP problem with new constraints. To avoid the special problems and difficulties in RF signal positioning, such as the synchronization and NLOS problems, in the second part of the dissertation, we propose an image-tag based localization using image processing and convolutional neural network (CNN). In the proposed method, after the segmentation of the tag from the image, information such as the tag ID, the distance, and the angle with reference to the camera are retrieved through CNNs. The camera position is finally reliably and accurately estimated from such retrieved information. The proposed method simplifies the system and provide good accuracy compare to RF based system. In addition, the proposed method effectively resolve those issues that exist in the traditional image-based localization, like the high cost, blind spot problems and unreliable and not scalable for in changing environments.Keywords: Convolutional neural network (CNN), Wi-Fi, Image, UWB, Algorithm, Localizatio

Cooperative and Distributed Localization for Wireless Sensor Networks in Multipath Environments

We consider the problem of sensor localization in a wireless network in a multipath environment, where time and angle of arrival information are available at each sensor. We propose a distributed algorithm based on belief propagation, which allows sensors to cooperatively self-localize with respect to one single anchor in a multihop network. The algorithm has low overhead and is scalable. Simulations show that although the network is loopy, the proposed algorithm converges, and achieves good localization accuracy

Soft-connected Rigid Body Localization: State-of-the-Art and Research Directions for 6G

This white paper describes a proposed article that will aim to provide a thorough study of the evolution of the typical paradigm of wireless localization (WL), which is based on a single point model of each target, towards wireless rigid body localization (W-RBL). We also look beyond the concept of RBL itself, whereby each target is modeled as an independent multi-point three-dimensional (3D), with shape enforced via a set of conformation constraints, as a step towards a more general approach we refer to as soft-connected RBL, whereby an ensemble of several objects embedded in a given environment, is modeled as a set of soft-connected 3D objects, with rigid and soft conformation constraints enforced within each object and among them, respectively. A first intended contribution of the full version of this article is a compact but comprehensive survey on mechanisms to evolve WL algorithms in W-RBL schemes, considering their peculiarities in terms of the type of information, mathematical approach, and features the build on or offer. A subsequent contribution is a discussion of mechanisms to extend W-RBL techniques to soft-connected rigid body localization (SCW-RBL) algorithms