108 research outputs found

    Modificación de la condición de convexidad en el Análisis Envolvente de Datos (AED)

    Get PDF
    Conventional Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models are based on a production possibility set (PPS) that satisfies various postulates. Extension or modification of these axioms leads to different DEA models. In this paper, our focus concentrates on the convexity axiom, leaving the other axioms unmodified. Modifying or extending the convexity condition can lead to a different PPS. This adaptation is followed by a two-step procedure to evaluate the efficiency of a unit based on the resulting PPS. The proposed frontier is located between two standard, well-known DEA frontiers. The model presented can differentiate between units more finely than the standard variable return to scale (VRS) model. In order to illustrate the strengths of the proposed model, a real data set describing Iranian banks was employed. The results show that this alternative model outperforms the standard VRS model and increases the discrimination power of (VRS) models.Los modelos de análisis envolvente de datos convencionales (DEA) se basan en un conjunto de posibilidades de producción (PPS) que satisface varios postulados. La extensión o modificación de estos axiomas conduce a diferentes modelos DEA. En este artículo, nuestro enfoque se concentra en el axioma de convexidad, dejando los otros axiomas sin modificar. Modificar o extender la condición de convexidad puede conducir a un PPS diferente. A esta adaptación le sigue un procedimiento de dos pasos para evaluar la eficiencia de una unidad en función del PPS resultante. La frontera propuesta está ubicada entre dos fronteras de la DEA estándar y conocidas. El modelo presentado puede diferenciar entre unidades con mayor precisión que el modelo de retorno a escala variable estándar (VRS). Para ilustrar las fortalezas del modelo propuesto, se utilizó un conjunto de datos reales que describen los bancos iraníes. Los resultados muestran que este modelo alternativo supera al modelo estándar de VRS y aumenta el poder de discriminación de los modelos (VRS)

    Modificación de la condición de convexidad en el Análisis Envolvente de Datos (AED)

    Get PDF
    Los modelos de análisis envolvente de datos convencionales (DEA) se basan en un conjunto de posibilidades de producción (PPS) que satisface varios postulados. La extensión o modificación de estos axiomas conduce a diferentes modelos DEA. En este artículo, nuestro enfoque se concentra en el axioma de convexidad, dejando los otros axiomas sin modificar. Modificar o extender la condición de convexidad puede conducir a un PPS diferente. A esta adaptación le sigue un procedimiento de dos pasos para evaluar la eficiencia de una unidad en función del PPS resultante. La frontera propuesta está ubicada entre dos fronteras de la DEA estándar y conocidas. El modelo presentado puede diferenciar entre unidades con mayor precisión que el modelo de retorno a escala variable estándar (VRS). Para ilustrar las fortalezas del modelo propuesto, se utilizó un conjunto de datos reales que describen los bancos iraníes. Los resultados muestran que este modelo alternativo supera al modelo estándar de VRS y aumenta el poder de discriminación de los modelos (VRS)

    Modificación de la condición de convexidad en el Análisis Envolvente de Datos (AED)

    Get PDF
    Conventional Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models are based on a production possibility set (PPS) that satisfies various postulates. Extension or modification of these axioms leads to different DEA models. In this paper, our focus concentrates on the convexity axiom, leaving the other axioms unmodified. Modifying or extending the convexity condition can lead to a different PPS. This adaptation is followed by a two-step procedure to evaluate the efficiency of a unit based on the resulting PPS. The proposed frontier is located between two standard, well-known DEA frontiers. The model presented can differentiate between units more finely than the standard variable return to scale (VRS) model. In order to illustrate the strengths of the proposed model, a real data set describing Iranian banks was employed. The results show that this alternative model outperforms the standard VRS model and increases the discrimination power of (VRS) models.Los modelos de análisis envolvente de datos convencionales (DEA) se basan en un conjunto de posibilidades de producción (PPS) que satisface varios postulados. La extensión o modificación de estos axiomas conduce a diferentes modelos DEA. En este artículo, nuestro enfoque se concentra en el axioma de convexidad, dejando los otros axiomas sin modificar. Modificar o extender la condición de convexidad puede conducir a un PPS diferente. A esta adaptación le sigue un procedimiento de dos pasos para evaluar la eficiencia de una unidad en función del PPS resultante. La frontera propuesta está ubicada entre dos fronteras de la DEA estándar y conocidas. El modelo presentado puede diferenciar entre unidades con mayor precisión que el modelo de retorno a escala variable estándar (VRS). Para ilustrar las fortalezas del modelo propuesto, se utilizó un conjunto de datos reales que describen los bancos iraníes. Los resultados muestran que este modelo alternativo supera al modelo estándar de VRS y aumenta el poder de discriminación de los modelos (VRS)

    The Relationship between FDI and Economic Performance (BRICS)

    Get PDF
    FDI is an important force to promote economic development. As the main way of international capital flows FDI has an increasingly significant impact on host country's economy. We took into account its impact on economic performance. From the perspective of econometric analysis, the relationship between the FDI and economic performance of the BRICS countries is examined by DEA model. The empirical analysis shows that FDI has a positive impact on the overall economic performance of the BRICS countries; however FDI occurs to have a negative impact on the economic performance of China

    The Relationship between FDI and Economic Performance (BRICS)

    Get PDF
    FDI is an important force to promote economic development. As the main way of international capital flows FDI has an increasingly significant impact on host country's economy. We took into account its impact on economic performance. From the perspective of econometric analysis, the relationship between the FDI and economic performance of the BRICS countries is examined by DEA model. The empirical analysis shows that FDI has a positive impact on the overall economic performance of the BRICS countries; however FDI occurs to have a negative impact on the economic performance of China

    Towards sustainable development of shrimp farming in Bangladesh: The Economy versus the Environment.

    Get PDF
    The continuous striving for economic growth in both developing and developed countries is accompanied by a range of environmental problems that hamper sustainable development. The economic development through agricultural and industrial intensification combined with natural resource extraction has generated various environmental problems such as resource depletion, waste generation, and pollution. A proper measurement of environmental problems is a major issue in the debate on the economic growth and environmental protection. This measurement problem is closely linked to the tradeoffs between economic growth and environmental damage both of which determine overall social wellbeing. Therefore, the existing tradeoffs between rapid economic development and environmental degradation need to be taken into consideration to sustain the economic growth with least environmental damage. From this perspective, it is necessary to study the tradeoffs between economic outcomes and environmental degradation to achieve the long term ‘sustainable development’ goal of any production process. In recent years, environmental performance indicators that incorporate joint production of economic and environmental goods in the production technology have been designed and applied as useful analytical tools in studying the possibilities for improvement in economic and environmental performance of productive units or industries. In particular, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) based non-parametric approaches are gaining popularity in the measurement of environmental performance in terms of efficiency and productivity, accounting for the presence of environmental pollution or degradation. A key advantage of DEA over other conventional economic methods is that it more easily accommodates both multiple inputs and multiple outputs including the environmental attributes in measuring relative efficiency of production units. vi The concept of directional distance function is one of the approaches which have proved to be very useful in modelling production in the presence of undesirable outputs. It credits production units for simultaneous expansion of desirable outputs and contraction of undesirable outputs. The present study uses directional distance functions to measure the tradeoffs between economic benefit and environmental degradation of shrimp farming in Bangladesh. While shrimp farming in Bangladesh has great economic benefit in terms of foreign exchange earnings and livelihood improvements of coastal communities, it has been criticised for its adverse environmental effects in terms of increased soil and water salinity, loss of wild fish stock, and mangrove forest destruction. Therefore, investigation of the tradeoffs between the economic and environmental effects of shrimp farming is essential to facilitate policies aimed at achieving sustainability of this industry. Keeping this in mind, the thesis proceeds with three separate research papers. The abstract of these three papers are given below: Paper 1: Environmental Effects of Shrimp Farming: International and Bangladeshi Perspectives Abstract: Shrimp farming is the fastest growing aquaculture sector in the world, and it has become a major economic activity in many tropical countries over the past several decades. The support from international donor agencies in combination with potential for high profit, buoyant demand for high-value sea-food products, limitation and fluctuations in capture fisheries, and the industry’s capacity to earn foreign exchange and generate employment in poor coastal areas of developing countries led to rapid expansion of shrimp farming. Although shrimp farming has brought significant economic benefit to the producing countries, it has also been criticized for an extensive environmental degradation and subsequent social conflicts. Adverse environmental effects related to shrimp aquaculture have been widely reported in the literature, questioning the sustainability of this industry. The purpose of this paper is to identify the sources of perceived tradeoffs between economic and environmental attributes of shrimp farming by reviewing previous published work. This will provide vii a foundation and a synthesis of the knowledge on economic and environmental dynamics of shrimp aquaculture and will provide substantial inputs that will direct the further research to estimate the tradeoffs which can contribute to the sustainability of this industry. Paper 2: Tradeoffs between Economic and Environmental Effects of Shrimp Farming in Bangladesh Abstract: Shrimp farming has experienced a spectacular growth in the coastal areas of Bangladesh, benefiting the economy enormously. However, the economic benefits are paralleled with substantial environmental and natural resource degradation that can be attributed to shrimp farming. This study evaluates the economic and environmental efficiency of shrimp farms to measure the perceived tradeoffs. A directional output distance function approach is used to measure efficiency of shrimp farms in presence of ‘desirable’ and ‘undesirable’ outputs. The study covers the major shrimp farming regions in Bangladesh, and evaluates their performance at two time points, the years 2000 and 2010. Performances of farms are investigated under four different directional vectors. Moreover, Environmental Efficiency Index (EEI) is estimated using alternative assumptions of weak and strong disposability of outputs. Empirical results indicate that on average, efficiency of shrimp farms decreased in Southwest region and increased in Southeast region over the last decade. The average EEI is found to be steady between 2000 and 2010. The identified tradeoffs between the desirable and undesirable outputs (economic and environmental effects) will provide policy makers with indication on how to devise balanced policies to improve current operations and enhance sustainability. Paper 3: Productivity Growth in the Shrimp Farming Industry of Bangladesh: A Luenberger Productivity Indicator Approach Abstract: Shrimp aquaculture is one of the fastest growing economic activities in the coastal areas of Bangladesh and earns substantial foreign exchange for the country. viii However, the environmental degradation is a major concern for the sustainable development of this industry. This paper studies the tradeoffs between the economic and environmental performance of shrimp farming in terms of productivity measurement. A directional distance function approach is employed to estimate the Luenberger total factor productivity indicators under the assumptions of weak and strong disposability of undesirable outputs. Based on average farm level data from shrimp farming, this study estimates the productivity change between the year 2000 and 2010 and compares how the different directional vectors and output sets influence the productivity. The Luenberger indicators are further decomposed into efficiency change and technical change components to explain the source of productivity change. The results show that overall the productivity of shrimp farms has decreased in most districts, except Cox’s Bazar and Chittagong districts. For most of the farms, the negative productivity growth was driven by the negative technological change. The productivity growth is an indication of sustainable development. Therefore, true productivity growth including economic and environmental performance needs to be considered in developing effective policy measures to attain sustainable development of the shrimp farming industry. Overall, the thesis overviews the initial knowledge base about the sources of perceived tradeoffs between the economic and environmental effects of shrimp farming and goes on to apply for the first time the techniques of productivity and efficiency measurement to evaluate the tradeoffs between economic benefit and environmental cost of shrimp farming in Bangladesh. The estimated efficiency and productivity measures consider the economic benefits as well as environmental degradation and therefore represent a more holistic picture of the true performance of shrimp farms. Therefore, it is expected that the result can have a significant contribution in the policy context. Sustainability of shrimp farming is a major concern for Bangladesh, which can be achieved by better economic and environmental performance of shrimp farms. The results will help the policy makers in understanding the tradeoffs between the economic (desirable) and environmental (undesirable) outputs which will assist them in designing appropriate policies

    A conditional directional distance function approach for measuring regional environmental efficiency: Evidence from the UK regions

    Get PDF
    This paper, by using conditional directional distance functions as introduced by Simar and Vanhems [J. Econometrics 166 (2012) 342-354] modifies the model by Färe and Grosskopf [Eur. J. Operat. Res. 157 (2004) 242-245], examines the link between regional environmental efficiency and economic growth. The proposed model using conditional directional distance functions incorporates the effect of regional economic growth on regions’ environmental efficiency levels. The results from the UK regional data reveal that economic growth has a negative effect on regions’ environmental performance up to a certain GDP per capita level, where after that point the effect becomes positive. This indicates the existence of a Kuznets type relationship between the UK regions’ environmental performance and economic growth

    Risk-Adjusted Mortality, varieties of congestion and patient satisfaction in Turkish provincial general hospitals

    Get PDF
    Abstract: We analyze the operational performance of 330 Turkish provincial general hospitals. To help improve performance on both input and output space, we adopt a directional distance approach. We treat a mortality based variable as “bad output”. Congested hospitals are those for whom the switch from strong to weak disposability of mortality is costly. Thus we are able to address the “quality or adequacy of care” issue. We identify congested hospitals using 3 different direction vectors and derive the associated congestion inefficiency scores. For each case, we show these scores are negatively related to patient satisfaction. We separate congested hospitals into two groups: (i) those requiring uniform sacrifice of good outputs and/or extra inputs in order to reduce mortality, and (ii) those that do not. The latter ones free up some inputs in addition to requiring extra amounts of other inputs and/or produce more of some outputs but less of others as the price of reducing mortality. The first group can be said to operate at “capacity” whereas the latter can be said to display “negative marginal productivity”. Patient dissatisfaction is demonstrably higher in the latter group of hospitals, whereas mortality reduction is positively related to patient satisfaction in “capacity constrained” hospitals. The first group is more likely to be located in emigrating whereas the second one in immigrating regions

    An integrated Multi-Criteria Decision Making Model for Sustainability Performance Assessment for Insurance Companies

    Get PDF
    To stay competitive in a business environment, continuous performance evaluation based on the triple bottom line standard of sustainability is necessary. There is a gap in addressing the computational expense caused by increased decision units due to increasing the performance evaluation indices to more accuracy in the evaluation. We successfully addressed these two gaps through (1) using principal component analysis (PCA) to cut the number of evaluation indices, and (2) since PCA itself has the problem of merely using the data distribution without considering the domain-related knowledge, we utilized Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to rank the indices through the expert’s domain-related knowledge. We propose an integrated approach for sustainability performance assessment in qualitative and quantitative perspectives. Fourteen insurance companies were evaluated using eight economic, three environmental, and four social indices. The indices were ranked by expert judgment though an analytical hierarchy process as subjective weighting, and then principal component analysis as objective weighting was used to reduce the number of indices. The obtained principal components were then used as variables in the data envelopment analysis model. So, subjective and objective evaluations were integrated. Finally, for validating the results, Spearman and Kendall’s Tau correlation tests were used. The results show that Dana, Razi, and Dey had the best sustainability performance.This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainability Assessmen
    corecore