8,003 research outputs found

    Knowledge description and semantics in non-deductive reasoning

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    Desire to mechanize non-deductive reasoning has resulted some fruits in the field of artificial intelligence. On induction, classification rule learning systems have been widely studied. On analogical reasoning, a problem solver that uses a similar experience in the past was proposed. On abduction, an efficient mechanism to manage consistency of sets of hypotheses is developed. However the past sudies also have problems. The first issue is on knowledge description. A way to describe a task of non-deductive reasoning system can hugely influence effectiveness of the system. The second issue is on semantics. A uique application of abduction on logic program is seldom discussed, though its semantics is widely studied. In analogical reasoning, a desire to implement practial systems has somehow postponed analyzing semantic nature of analogical reasoning. The thesis attempts to propose solutions for the problems. For the first issue, preprocess system or a subsystem that can change the description of the task is given for the main reasoning system. For the second issue, analogical reasoning is regarded as an application of abduction and its declarative semantics is given. The main outcomes of the thesis are as follows. ・・・Thesis (Ph. D. in Engineering)--University of Tsukuba, (B), no. 1547, 1999.7.23Bibliography: p. 97-102Titlepage, abstract -- Contents -- List of figures -- Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. On induction -- Chapter 3. On analogical reasoning -- Chapter 4. Creativity support system -- Chapter 5. On abduction -- Chapter 6. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- Bibliograph

    Analogical Truth-Conditions for Metaphors

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    It has often been said that metaphors are based on analogies, but the nature of this relation has never been made precise. This article rigorously and formally specifies two semantic relations that do obtain between some metaphors and analogies. We argue that analogies often provide conditions of meaningfulness and truth for metaphors. An analogy is treated as an isomorphism from a source to topic domain. Metaphors are thought of as surface structures. Formal analogical conditions of meaningfulness and truth are fully and rigorously worked out for several grammatical classes of metaphors. By providing analogical meaningfulness and truth conditions for metaphors, this article shows that truth-conditional semantics can be extended to metaphors

    NETMET: A Program for Generating and Interpreting Metaphors

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    Metaphors have computable semantics. A program called NETMET both generates metaphors and produces partial literal interpretations of metaphors. NETMET is based on Kittay's semantic field theory of metaphor and Black's interaction theory of metaphor. Input to NETMET consists of a list of literal propositions. NETMET creates metaphors by finding topic and source semantic fields, producing an analogical map from source to topic, then generating utterances in which terms in the source are identified with or predicated of terms in the topic. Given a metaphor, NETMET utilizes if-then rules to generate the implication complex of that metaphor. The literal leaves of the implication complex comprise a partial literal interpretation
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