1,149 research outputs found

    LIPIcs, Volume 251, ITCS 2023, Complete Volume

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    LIPIcs, Volume 251, ITCS 2023, Complete Volum

    Sounding the dead in Cambodia: cultivating ethics, generating wellbeing, and living with history through music and sound

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    This dissertation rethinks the ethics of history and trauma in post-genocide Cambodia by examining how Cambodians use a broad repertoire of sounded practices to form relations of mutual care with ancestors, dead teachers, deities, and other predecessors. At its root, the dissertation is the study of an ethical-religious-aesthetic system by which Cambodians recall predecessors’ legacies, care for the dead, and engage ancestors and deities as supportive co-presences. Traditional and popular musics, Buddhist chants and incantations, whispers, and the non-acoustic practice of “speaking in the heart” (niyāy knung citt) are among the primary sounded practices that Cambodians use to engage the dead. Parts One and Two detail those sounded practices and their social implications. I discuss how previous approaches have misinterpreted the nature and capacities of Cambodian music and other ritualized sounds through historicist, colonialist, and secular epistemologies, which cast those sounds as “culture” or “performance” and ignore their capacities as modes of ethics and exchange with the dead. Instead, by rethinking those sounded practices as Cambodian-Buddhist ethics and exchange, I examine how Cambodians fulfill an obligation to care for the ancestors who have supported themselves. I suggest fulfilling that obligation generates personal wellbeing and provides a new model for what living with history can sound like and feel like. Taken together, in Parts One and Two, I detail the non-linear temporalities, types of personhood, ethics, exchange with the dead, and the intergenerational mode of living with history that Cambodians bring into being through music and sound. Part Three zooms further out to discuss how sounded relations with the dead have consequences for national and international politics, which leads to larger critiques of the Cambodian government’s politicization of Khmer Rouge remembrance and international humanitarian efforts that attempt to help Cambodians heal from trauma. Since at least the mid-1990s, a plurality of international activists, scholars, volunteers, and development workers have concluded that Cambodians perpetuate a silence about the Khmer Rouge era that furthers their traumatization. Most observers suggest that Cambodians need to provide public testimony about that violent past in order to heal. This dissertation contests those conclusions, following work in anthropology and trauma studies that problematizes the universalization of the Western psychotherapeutic notion of biomedical trauma and its treatments. I suggest that those calls for a testimonial voice presuppose historicist modes of remembrance and knowledge production that naturalize liberal Western models of personhood, citizenship, justice, wellness, and political agency. To move away from those models, I argue that Cambodian sounded and ritual practices generate what I term “modes of being historical” and “ways of living with history” that are intimate, familial, intergenerational, engage national pasts, and can be a mode of political action. Those “modes of being historical” include but are not limited to telling stories of others’ struggles and deaths. I illustrate how Cambodians have long used a multitude of sounded practices to engage the past, grapple with life’s difficulties, and care for themselves and their ancestors. This dissertation posits that sound studies and ethnomusicology can further the emerging scholarly shifts toward the culturally specific ways people cope with difficult pasts. I propose a new approach to post-violence ethics and history by arguing for the decolonizing possibilities of emphasizing the modes of being historical, ethical relations of mutual care, and ontological entanglements with the dead that Cambodians generate through music and sound

    Comparing the production of a formula with the development of L2 competence

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    This pilot study investigates the production of a formula with the development of L2 competence over proficiency levels of a spoken learner corpus. The results show that the formula in beginner production data is likely being recalled holistically from learners’ phonological memory rather than generated online, identifiable by virtue of its fluent production in absence of any other surface structure evidence of the formula’s syntactic properties. As learners’ L2 competence increases, the formula becomes sensitive to modifications which show structural conformity at each proficiency level. The transparency between the formula’s modification and learners’ corresponding L2 surface structure realisations suggest that it is the independent development of L2 competence which integrates the formula into compositional language, and ultimately drives the SLA process forward

    On Internal Merge

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    An Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis exploring the experiences of language needs and Special Educational Needs and Disabilities (SEND) for secondary school teachers of English

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    Government policy and publications have reiterated the message that all teachers should be teachers of Special Educational Needs and Disabilities (SEND) and meet the varying and diverse needs of all learners within a mainstream classroom (HM Government 2022a; 2022b). Language needs, a feature of a communication and interaction difficulty, is one area of SEND. Within the secondary school context, these difficulties have received little research attention and focus. This research with secondary school teachers of English (N=5) utilised semi-structured interviews and vignettes which provide written case study descriptions of how language needs may present in the classroom (Starling et al., 2011; Ramsey, 2015). Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to explore participants’ experiences. IPA is a qualitative methodology in which the central tenets focus on phenomenology (experience), hermeneutics (interpretation) and idiography (individual, nomothetic data) (Smith et al., 2022). Four group experiential themes were identified which depicted participants’ experiences of being a teacher and supporting language needs and SEND; Expertise; Interactions; Feeling Challenged; and Interpretation. How participants each related to these individual constructs varied and similarities (convergence) and differences (divergence) in their individual experiences were noted. The research provides a descriptive and interpretive account of the experiences of participants when teaching and supporting students with SEND and language needs. Situating these experiences within an ecological framework of the classroom, appreciates the contextualised experience of being a teacher and the interactions between students, other professionals, systems and structures and the emotive elements that accompanies this experience. Continued and renewed focus and awareness of the presentation of language needs in the secondary context remains pertinent as some teachers felt that they lacked expertise and confidence in this area. Educational Psychology as a profession may be unique in its contribution when supporting schools to consider holistic and ecological influences on the presentation of SEND and support the problem-solving capacity of the school workforce, particularly in an educational context where access to specialist services is hindered due to scarcity of resources

    Tradition and Innovation in Construction Project Management

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    This book is a reprint of the Special Issue 'Tradition and Innovation in Construction Project Management' that was published in the journal Buildings

    Explainable temporal data mining techniques to support the prediction task in Medicine

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    In the last decades, the increasing amount of data available in all fields raises the necessity to discover new knowledge and explain the hidden information found. On one hand, the rapid increase of interest in, and use of, artificial intelligence (AI) in computer applications has raised a parallel concern about its ability (or lack thereof) to provide understandable, or explainable, results to users. In the biomedical informatics and computer science communities, there is considerable discussion about the `` un-explainable" nature of artificial intelligence, where often algorithms and systems leave users, and even developers, in the dark with respect to how results were obtained. Especially in the biomedical context, the necessity to explain an artificial intelligence system result is legitimate of the importance of patient safety. On the other hand, current database systems enable us to store huge quantities of data. Their analysis through data mining techniques provides the possibility to extract relevant knowledge and useful hidden information. Relationships and patterns within these data could provide new medical knowledge. The analysis of such healthcare/medical data collections could greatly help to observe the health conditions of the population and extract useful information that can be exploited in the assessment of healthcare/medical processes. Particularly, the prediction of medical events is essential for preventing disease, understanding disease mechanisms, and increasing patient quality of care. In this context, an important aspect is to verify whether the database content supports the capability of predicting future events. In this thesis, we start addressing the problem of explainability, discussing some of the most significant challenges need to be addressed with scientific and engineering rigor in a variety of biomedical domains. We analyze the ``temporal component" of explainability, focusing on detailing different perspectives such as: the use of temporal data, the temporal task, the temporal reasoning, and the dynamics of explainability in respect to the user perspective and to knowledge. Starting from this panorama, we focus our attention on two different temporal data mining techniques. The first one, based on trend abstractions, starting from the concept of Trend-Event Pattern and moving through the concept of prediction, we propose a new kind of predictive temporal patterns, namely Predictive Trend-Event Patterns (PTE-Ps). The framework aims to combine complex temporal features to extract a compact and non-redundant predictive set of patterns composed by such temporal features. The second one, based on functional dependencies, we propose a methodology for deriving a new kind of approximate temporal functional dependencies, called Approximate Predictive Functional Dependencies (APFDs), based on a three-window framework. We then discuss the concept of approximation, the data complexity of deriving an APFD, the introduction of two new error measures, and finally the quality of APFDs in terms of coverage and reliability. Exploiting these methodologies, we analyze intensive care unit data from the MIMIC dataset

    (b2023 to 2014) The UNBELIEVABLE similarities between the ideas of some people (2006-2016) and my ideas (2002-2008) in physics (quantum mechanics, cosmology), cognitive neuroscience, philosophy of mind, and philosophy (this manuscript would require a REVOLUTION in international academy environment!)

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    (b2023 to 2014) The UNBELIEVABLE similarities between the ideas of some people (2006-2016) and my ideas (2002-2008) in physics (quantum mechanics, cosmology), cognitive neuroscience, philosophy of mind, and philosophy (this manuscript would require a REVOLUTION in international academy environment!

    LIPIcs, Volume 261, ICALP 2023, Complete Volume

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    LIPIcs, Volume 261, ICALP 2023, Complete Volum
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