A Praxical Solution of the Symbol Grounding Problem

Peer reviewe

A Study of Entanglement in a Categorical Framework of Natural Language

In both quantum mechanics and corpus linguistics based on vector spaces, the notion of entanglement provides a means for the various subsystems to communicate with each other. In this paper we examine a number of implementations of the categorical framework of Coecke, Sadrzadeh and Clark (2010) for natural language, from an entanglement perspective. Specifically, our goal is to better understand in what way the level of entanglement of the relational tensors (or the lack of it) affects the compositional structures in practical situations. Our findings reveal that a number of proposals for verb construction lead to almost separable tensors, a fact that considerably simplifies the interactions between the words. We examine the ramifications of this fact, and we show that the use of Frobenius algebras mitigates the potential problems to a great extent. Finally, we briefly examine a machine learning method that creates verb tensors exhibiting a sufficient level of entanglement.Comment: In Proceedings QPL 2014, arXiv:1412.810

Stabilizing knowledge through standards - A perspective for the humanities

It is usual to consider that standards generate mixed feelings among scientists. They are often seen as not really reflecting the state of the art in a given domain and a hindrance to scientific creativity. Still, scientists should theoretically be at the best place to bring their expertise into standard developments, being even more neutral on issues that may typically be related to competing industrial interests. Even if it could be thought of as even more complex to think about developping standards in the humanities, we will show how this can be made feasible through the experience gained both within the Text Encoding Initiative consortium and the International Organisation for Standardisation. By taking the specific case of lexical resources, we will try to show how this brings about new ideas for designing future research infrastructures in the human and social sciences

Necessity, a Leibnizian Thesis, and a Dialogical Semantics

In this paper, an interpretation of "necessity", inspired by a Leibnizian idea and based on the method of dialogical logic, is introduced. The semantic rules corresponding to such an account of necessity are developed, and then some peculiarities, and some potential advantages, of the introduced dialogical explanation, in comparison with the customary explanation offered by the possible worlds semantics, are briefly discussed

THE KNOWLEDGE OF PROSODY IN HELPING STUDENTS RESPONSE UTTERANCES APPROPRIATELY

In spoken discourse, besides the use of vocal and gestural signs, prosody is an important part to consider since without appropriate prosody- Intonation and accent and the meaningful elements of speech apart from the words that are uttered (Kreidler, 1998), the speaker may fail to deliver the meanings and the listeners may fail to catch the message. Then, it results in misunderstanding. This study is conducted to find out whether the knowledge of prosody helps students to communicate appropriately. The participants of this study are 20 students who joined semantics and 20 students who did not take semantics. They were asked to give appropriate respond to contrast the 20 utterance which have emphases. The utterances are recorded and transcribed. Triangulation was done by another person to get the accuracy of the data. The result shows that there are more students (85% ) who have knowledge of prosody able to respond the utterances appropriately. This proves that teaching prosody is essensial to make the students realize the function of prosody