66 research outputs found

    Ontology-based personalized performance evaluation and dietary recommendation for weightlifting.

    Get PDF
    Studies in weightlifting have been characterized by unclear results and information paucity, mainly due to the lack of information sharing between athletes, coaches, biomechanists, physiologists and nutritionists. Becoming successful in weightlifting performance requires a unique physiological and biomechanics profile based on a distinctive combination of muscular strength, muscular power, flexibility, and lifting technique. An effective training which is carefully designed and monitored, is needed for accomplishment of consistent high performance. While it takes years of dedicated training, diet is also critical as optimal nutrition is essential for peak performance. Nutritional misinformation can do as much harm to ambitious athletes as good nutrition can help. In spite of several studies on nutrition guidelines for weightlifting training and competition as well as on design and implementation of weightlifting training programs, to the best of authors' knowledge, there is no attempt to semantically model the whole "training-diet-competition" cycle by integrating training, biomechanics, and nutrition domains.This study aims to conceive and design an ontology-enriched knowledge model to guide and support the implementation of "Recommender system of workout and nutrition forweightlifters". In doing so, it will propose: (i) understanding the weightlifting training system, from both qualitative and quantitative perspectives, following a modular ontology modeling, (ii) understanding the weightlifting diet following a modular ontology modeling, (iii) semantically integrating weightlifting and nutrition ontologies to mainly promote nutrition and weightlifting snatch exercises interoperability, (iv) extending modular ontology scope by mining rules while analyzing open data from the literature, and (v) devising reasoning capability toward an automated weightlifting "training-diet-competition" cycle supported by previously mined rulesTo support the above claims, two main artefacts were generated such as: (i) a weightliftingnutritional knowledge questionnaire to assess Thai weightlifting coaches' and athletes'knowledge regarding the weightlifting "training-diet-competition" cycle and (ii) a dual ontologyoriented weightlifting-nutrition knowledge model extended with mined rules and designed following a standard ontology development methodology.Studies in weightlifting have been characterized by unclear results and information paucity, mainly due to the lack of information sharing between athletes, coaches, biomechanists, physiologists and nutritionists. Becoming successful in weightlifting performance requires a unique physiological and biomechanics profile based on a distinctive combination of muscular strength, muscular power, flexibility, and lifting technique. An effective training which is carefully designed and monitored, is needed for accomplishment of consistent high performance. While it takes years of dedicated training, diet is also critical as optimal nutrition is essential for peak performance. Nutritional misinformation can do as much harm to ambitious athletes as good nutrition can help. In spite of several studies on nutrition guidelines for weightlifting training and competition as well as on design and implementation of weightlifting training programs, to the best of authors' knowledge, there is no attempt to semantically model the whole "training-diet-competition" cycle by integrating training, biomechanics, and nutrition domains.This study aims to conceive and design an ontology-enriched knowledge model to guide and support the implementation of "Recommender system of workout and nutrition forweightlifters". In doing so, it will propose: (i) understanding the weightlifting training system, from both qualitative and quantitative perspectives, following a modular ontology modeling, (ii) understanding the weightlifting diet following a modular ontology modeling, (iii) semantically integrating weightlifting and nutrition ontologies to mainly promote nutrition and weightlifting snatch exercises interoperability, (iv) extending modular ontology scope by mining rules while analyzing open data from the literature, and (v) devising reasoning capability toward an automated weightlifting "training-diet-competition" cycle supported by previously mined rulesTo support the above claims, two main artefacts were generated such as: (i) a weightliftingnutritional knowledge questionnaire to assess Thai weightlifting coaches' and athletes'knowledge regarding the weightlifting "training-diet-competition" cycle and (ii) a dual ontologyoriented weightlifting-nutrition knowledge model extended with mined rules and designed following a standard ontology development methodology

    Principles and Practice of Case-based Clinical Reasoning Education: A Method for Preclinical Students

    Get PDF
    assessment of clinical reasoning; diagnostic bias; diagnostic errors; dual process theory; scripts; medical problem-solving; peer teaching; problem-based learning; semantic qualifier

    Principles and Practice of Case-based Clinical Reasoning Education: A Method for Preclinical Students

    Get PDF
    This volume describes and explains the educational method of Case-Based Clinical Reasoning (CBCR) used successfully in medical schools to prepare students to think like doctors before they enter the clinical arena and become engaged in patient care. Although this approach poses the paradoxical problem of a lack of clinical experience that is so essential for building proficiency in clinical reasoning, CBCR is built on the premise that solving clinical problems involves the ability to reason about disease processes. This requires knowledge of anatomy and the working and pathology of organ systems, as well as the ability to regard patient problems as patterns and compare them with instances of illness scripts of patients the clinician has seen in the past and stored in memory. CBCR stimulates the development of early, rudimentary illness scripts through elaboration and systematic discussion of the courses of action from the initial presentation of the patient to the final steps of clinical management. The book combines general backgrounds of clinical reasoning education and assessment with a detailed elaboration of the CBCR method for application in any medical curriculum, either as a mandatory or as an elective course. It consists of three parts: a general introduction to clinical reasoning education, application of the CBCR method, and cases that can used by educators to try out this method

    A framework for assistive communications technology in cross-cultural healthcare

    Get PDF
    Rural and remote Australian Aboriginal communities suffer seriously adverse life expectancy rates, lifestyle disease complications and hospital treatment needs due to type 2 diabetes. In great part this is due to communications barriers arising from the lack of equitable acculturation within patient-practitioner consultations. This research presents a framework foundation for a computerised patient-practitioner lingua franca. Behavioural and design science ontology development delivers an intercultural patient-practitioner type 2 diabetes assistive communications system, known as P-PAC

    Principles and Practice of Case-based Clinical Reasoning Education: A Method for Preclinical Students

    Get PDF
    assessment of clinical reasoning; diagnostic bias; diagnostic errors; dual process theory; scripts; medical problem-solving; peer teaching; problem-based learning; semantic qualifier

    Reduced-Exertion, High-Intensity Interval Training: The Effects of a Shortened-Sprint Protocol on Affective Response and V̇O2max, with Perspective on Application to HbA1c Defined Non-Diabetic Hyperglycaemia

    Get PDF
    Background Physical inactivity is an endemic health problem. Despite evidence to suggest regular physical activity and exercise improve health, the challenge of encouraging individuals and populations to be more active remains. Frequently, ‘lack of time’ is cited as the main barrier. Proponents of high-intensity interval training (HIT) emphasise time-efficiency as a practical benefit and contend that the health outcomes associated with this type of exercise are relevant to public health strategy. This includes increased cardiovascular fitness and improved blood glucose control. However, many iterations of HIT are not appreciably more time-efficient than traditional exercise guidelines, and the high-intensity nature of HIT may result in negative affective states (increasing displeasure) that could lead to poor exercise adherence. Reduced-exertion HIT (REHIT) has been developed as a genuinely time-efficient and more tolerable approach to exercise. Aims The principal aims of the thesis focus on two related areas of exercise science: approaches to time-efficient exercise to improve health outcomes; and the affective response to such exercise. The contribution to knowledge is predicated on critical appraisal of current literature, and based on data collected via three studies distinct in their focus and application, but connected by the theme of exploring a novel approach to REHIT that, despite including maximal capacity exercise, does not overly compromise affective response. Methods Study 1 used a randomised crossover design to consider differences between responses to three low-volume, high-intensity exercise protocols. Shortened-sprint REHIT (8 × 5 s sprints) was compared to traditional REHIT (2 × 20 s sprints) and sprint continuous training (SCT, one sustained maximal effort sprint). The primary outcome measure was affect (pleasure-displeasure) measured using the Feeling Scale (FS). Study 2 used a randomised controlled design to compare the effects of shortened-sprint and traditional REHIT on peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak), to determine if shorter sprints attenuate increases in this important health outcome. Finally, study 3 was a feasibility study to report data relevant to the acceptability of a REHIT intervention with non-diabetic hyperglycaemia (NDH) patients delivered in a National Health Service (NHS) practice setting. Results For study 1, peak affective valence was more positive for shortened-sprint REHIT (1.4 ± 1.7 FS units) compared to traditional REHIT (-0.1 ± 1.9) and SCT (-0.8 ± 1.6), where 1 is ‘fairly good’, 0 is ‘neutral’, and -1 is ‘fairly bad’ (both p = 0.001). Greater pleasure was also observed for traditional REHIT compared to SCT (p = 0.005). Likewise, lower ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and higher enjoyment were associated with shortened-sprint REHIT (all p < 0.01). Both iterations of REHIT avoided large negative peaks in affective response and may therefore be genuinely time-efficient, yet tolerable approaches to exercise. Shorter sprints may be additionally beneficial in circumventing negative affective responses. In study 2, compared to baseline, V̇O2peak increased following both conditions (6% for shortened-sprint REHIT [d = -0.36] and 9% for traditional REHIT [d = -0.53], both p = 0.01). However, there was substantial heterogeneity in training response within each condition (range -2% to 20%). Affective valence was again more favourable for shortened-sprint REHIT compared to traditional REHIT (1.6 ± 0.6 vs 0.2 ± 1 FS units, respectively, p = 0.001, d = 1.62). Similarly, peak RPE values were lower for shortened-sprint REHIT (14.4 ± 0.9 vs 16.2 ± 1.1, p = 0.001, d = -1.71). Despite this, there was no significant difference in enjoyment between the two protocols. For study 3 (feasibility study), the findings of this preparatory stage of trial design pre-empted problems with the intervention that could be changed to optimise the design and conduct of a larger-scale pragmatic trial to improve transferability into real-world practice. Challenges included eligibility, recruitment, patient consent, and poor clinician engagement leading to the recommendation that the study was not feasible in its current form. These findings form the basis for important learning in relation to the potential for transfer of exercise interventions into real-life scenarios with specific populations. Future interventions need to be sensitive to features of the local context such as the built environment, socioeconomic status, and the specific needs of individuals with chronic disease. Conclusion The original contribution to knowledge in this thesis is that a novel REHIT protocol using shortened-sprints can improve V̇O2peak whilst minimising large negative peaks in affective response. Thus, the three studies provide preliminary evidence to suggest that REHIT is both time-efficient, yet at the same time does not overly compromise affective response. Although there is no claim to invalidate the efficacy of higher volume exercise, the practicalities of building REHIT into everyday life could improve exercise adherence. Translating current evidence into effective exercise strategies in real-world settings remains a key challenge to further research on REHIT. To counter the deleterious effects on health that modern environments create, we need to engineer physical activity into our lives in a way that is socially and culturally acceptable. REHIT could form part of a solution to achieve this

    WELLNESS PROFILING ON SOCIAL NETWORKS

    Get PDF
    Ph.DDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPH
    corecore