55,643 research outputs found
No context, no content, no problem
Recently, philosophers have offered compelling reasons to think that demonstratives are best represented as variables, sensitive not to the context of utterance, but to a variable assignment. Variablists typically explain familiar intuitions about demonstrativesâintuitions that suggest that what is said by way of a demonstrative sentence varies systematically over contextsâby claiming that contexts initialize a particular assignment of values to variables. I argue that we do not need to link context and the assignment parameter in this way, and that we would do better not to
Thesaurus-based index term extraction for agricultural documents
This paper describes a new algorithm for automatically extracting index terms from documents relating to the domain of agriculture. The domain-specific Agrovoc thesaurus developed by the FAO is used both as a controlled vocabulary and as a knowledge base for semantic matching. The automatically assigned terms are evaluated against a manually indexed 200-item sample of the FAOâs document repository, and the performance of the new algorithm is compared with a state-of-the-art system for keyphrase extraction
The myth of occurrence-based semantics
The principle of compositionality requires that the meaning of a complex expression remains the same after substitution of synonymous expressions. Alleged counterexamples to compositionality seem to force a theoretical choice: either apparent synonyms are not synonyms or synonyms do not syntactically occur where they appear to occur. Some theorists have instead looked to Fregeâs doctrine of âreference shiftâ according to which the meaning of an expression is sensitive to its linguistic context. This doctrine is alleged to retain the relevant claims about synonymy and substitution while respecting the compositionality principle. Thus, Salmon :415, 2006) and Glanzberg and King :1â29, 2020) offer occurrence-based accounts of variable binding, and Pagin and WesterstĂ„hl :381â415, 2010c) argue that an occurrence-based semantics delivers a compositional account of quotation. Our thesis is this: the occurrence-based strategies resolve the apparent failures of substitutivity in the same general way as the standard expression-based semantics do. So it is a myth that a Frege-inspired occurrence-based semantics affords a genuine alternative strategy
Thesaurus based automatic keyphrase indexing
We propose a new method that enhances automatic keyphrase extraction by using semantic information on terms and phrases gleaned from a domain-specific thesaurus. We evaluate the results against keyphrase sets assigned by a state-of-the-art keyphrase extraction system and those assigned by six professional indexers
Distributed First Order Logic
Distributed First Order Logic (DFOL) has been introduced more than ten years
ago with the purpose of formalising distributed knowledge-based systems, where
knowledge about heterogeneous domains is scattered into a set of interconnected
modules. DFOL formalises the knowledge contained in each module by means of
first-order theories, and the interconnections between modules by means of
special inference rules called bridge rules. Despite their restricted form in
the original DFOL formulation, bridge rules have influenced several works in
the areas of heterogeneous knowledge integration, modular knowledge
representation, and schema/ontology matching. This, in turn, has fostered
extensions and modifications of the original DFOL that have never been
systematically described and published. This paper tackles the lack of a
comprehensive description of DFOL by providing a systematic account of a
completely revised and extended version of the logic, together with a sound and
complete axiomatisation of a general form of bridge rules based on Natural
Deduction. The resulting DFOL framework is then proposed as a clear formal tool
for the representation of and reasoning about distributed knowledge and bridge
rules
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