11,204 research outputs found
The Metaverse: Survey, Trends, Novel Pipeline Ecosystem & Future Directions
The Metaverse offers a second world beyond reality, where boundaries are
non-existent, and possibilities are endless through engagement and immersive
experiences using the virtual reality (VR) technology. Many disciplines can
benefit from the advancement of the Metaverse when accurately developed,
including the fields of technology, gaming, education, art, and culture.
Nevertheless, developing the Metaverse environment to its full potential is an
ambiguous task that needs proper guidance and directions. Existing surveys on
the Metaverse focus only on a specific aspect and discipline of the Metaverse
and lack a holistic view of the entire process. To this end, a more holistic,
multi-disciplinary, in-depth, and academic and industry-oriented review is
required to provide a thorough study of the Metaverse development pipeline. To
address these issues, we present in this survey a novel multi-layered pipeline
ecosystem composed of (1) the Metaverse computing, networking, communications
and hardware infrastructure, (2) environment digitization, and (3) user
interactions. For every layer, we discuss the components that detail the steps
of its development. Also, for each of these components, we examine the impact
of a set of enabling technologies and empowering domains (e.g., Artificial
Intelligence, Security & Privacy, Blockchain, Business, Ethics, and Social) on
its advancement. In addition, we explain the importance of these technologies
to support decentralization, interoperability, user experiences, interactions,
and monetization. Our presented study highlights the existing challenges for
each component, followed by research directions and potential solutions. To the
best of our knowledge, this survey is the most comprehensive and allows users,
scholars, and entrepreneurs to get an in-depth understanding of the Metaverse
ecosystem to find their opportunities and potentials for contribution
Examples of works to practice staccato technique in clarinet instrument
Klarnetin staccato tekniğini güçlendirme aşamaları eser çalışmalarıyla uygulanmıştır. Staccato
geçişlerini hızlandıracak ritim ve nüans çalışmalarına yer verilmiştir. Çalışmanın en önemli amacı
sadece staccato çalışması değil parmak-dilin eş zamanlı uyumunun hassasiyeti üzerinde de
durulmasıdır. Staccato çalışmalarını daha verimli hale getirmek için eser çalışmasının içinde etüt
çalışmasına da yer verilmiştir. Çalışmaların üzerinde titizlikle durulması staccato çalışmasının ilham
verici etkisi ile müzikal kimliğe yeni bir boyut kazandırmıştır. Sekiz özgün eser çalışmasının her
aşaması anlatılmıştır. Her aşamanın bir sonraki performans ve tekniği güçlendirmesi esas alınmıştır.
Bu çalışmada staccato tekniğinin hangi alanlarda kullanıldığı, nasıl sonuçlar elde edildiği bilgisine
yer verilmiştir. Notaların parmak ve dil uyumu ile nasıl şekilleneceği ve nasıl bir çalışma disiplini
içinde gerçekleşeceği planlanmıştır. Kamış-nota-diyafram-parmak-dil-nüans ve disiplin
kavramlarının staccato tekniğinde ayrılmaz bir bütün olduğu saptanmıştır. Araştırmada literatür
taraması yapılarak staccato ile ilgili çalışmalar taranmıştır. Tarama sonucunda klarnet tekniğin de
kullanılan staccato eser çalışmasının az olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Metot taramasında da etüt
çalışmasının daha çok olduğu saptanmıştır. Böylelikle klarnetin staccato tekniğini hızlandırma ve
güçlendirme çalışmaları sunulmuştur. Staccato etüt çalışmaları yapılırken, araya eser çalışmasının
girmesi beyni rahatlattığı ve istekliliği daha arttırdığı gözlemlenmiştir. Staccato çalışmasını yaparken
doğru bir kamış seçimi üzerinde de durulmuştur. Staccato tekniğini doğru çalışmak için doğru bir
kamışın dil hızını arttırdığı saptanmıştır. Doğru bir kamış seçimi kamıştan rahat ses çıkmasına
bağlıdır. Kamış, dil atma gücünü vermiyorsa daha doğru bir kamış seçiminin yapılması gerekliliği
vurgulanmıştır. Staccato çalışmalarında baştan sona bir eseri yorumlamak zor olabilir. Bu açıdan
çalışma, verilen müzikal nüanslara uymanın, dil atış performansını rahatlattığını ortaya koymuştur.
Gelecek nesillere edinilen bilgi ve birikimlerin aktarılması ve geliştirici olması teşvik edilmiştir.
Çıkacak eserlerin nasıl çözüleceği, staccato tekniğinin nasıl üstesinden gelinebileceği anlatılmıştır.
Staccato tekniğinin daha kısa sürede çözüme kavuşturulması amaç edinilmiştir. Parmakların
yerlerini öğrettiğimiz kadar belleğimize de çalışmaların kaydedilmesi önemlidir. Gösterilen azmin ve
sabrın sonucu olarak ortaya çıkan yapıt başarıyı daha da yukarı seviyelere çıkaracaktır
Deep Transfer Learning Applications in Intrusion Detection Systems: A Comprehensive Review
Globally, the external Internet is increasingly being connected to the
contemporary industrial control system. As a result, there is an immediate need
to protect the network from several threats. The key infrastructure of
industrial activity may be protected from harm by using an intrusion detection
system (IDS), a preventive measure mechanism, to recognize new kinds of
dangerous threats and hostile activities. The most recent artificial
intelligence (AI) techniques used to create IDS in many kinds of industrial
control networks are examined in this study, with a particular emphasis on
IDS-based deep transfer learning (DTL). This latter can be seen as a type of
information fusion that merge, and/or adapt knowledge from multiple domains to
enhance the performance of the target task, particularly when the labeled data
in the target domain is scarce. Publications issued after 2015 were taken into
account. These selected publications were divided into three categories:
DTL-only and IDS-only are involved in the introduction and background, and
DTL-based IDS papers are involved in the core papers of this review.
Researchers will be able to have a better grasp of the current state of DTL
approaches used in IDS in many different types of networks by reading this
review paper. Other useful information, such as the datasets used, the sort of
DTL employed, the pre-trained network, IDS techniques, the evaluation metrics
including accuracy/F-score and false alarm rate (FAR), and the improvement
gained, were also covered. The algorithms, and methods used in several studies,
or illustrate deeply and clearly the principle in any DTL-based IDS subcategory
are presented to the reader
Supernatural crossing in Republican Chinese fiction, 1920s–1940s
This dissertation studies supernatural narratives in Chinese fiction from the mid-1920s to the 1940s. The literary works present phenomena or elements that are or appear to be supernatural, many of which remain marginal or overlooked in Sinophone and Anglophone academia. These sources are situated in the May Fourth/New Culture ideological context, where supernatural narratives had to make way for the progressive intellectuals’ literary realism and their allegorical application of supernatural motifs. In the face of realism, supernatural narratives paled, dismissed as impractical fantasies that distract one from facing and tackling real life.
Nevertheless, I argue that the supernatural narratives do not probe into another mystical dimension that might co-exist alongside the empirical world. Rather, they imagine various cases of the characters’ crossing to voice their discontent with contemporary society or to reflect on the notion of reality. “Crossing” relates to characters’ acts or processes of trespassing the boundary that separates the supernatural from the conventional natural world, thus entailing encounters and interaction between the natural and the supernatural. The dissertation examines how crossing, as a narrative device, disturbs accustomed and mundane situations, releases hidden tensions, and discloses repressed truths in Republican fiction.
There are five types of crossing in the supernatural narratives.
Type 1 is the crossing into “haunted” houses. This includes (intangible) human agency crossing into domestic spaces and revealing secrets and truths concealed by the scary, feigned ‘haunting’, thus exposing the hidden evil and the other house occupiers’ silenced, suffocated state.
Type 2 is men crossing into female ghosts’ apparitional residences. The female ghosts allude to heart-breaking, traumatic experiences in socio-historical reality, evoking sympathetic concern for suffering individuals who are caught in social upheavals.
Type 3 is the crossing from reality into the characters’ delusional/hallucinatory realities. While they physically remain in the empirical world, the characters’ abnormal perceptions lead them to exclusive, delirious, and quasi-supernatural experiences of reality. Their crossings blur the concrete boundaries between the real and the unreal on the mental level: their abnormal perceptions construct a significant, meaningful reality for them, which may be as real as the commonly regarded objective reality.
Type 4 is the crossing into the netherworld modelled on the real world in the authors’ observation and bears a spectrum of satirised objects of the Republican society.
The last type is immortal visitors crossing into the human world. This type satirises humanity’s vices and destructive potential.
The primary sources demonstrate their writers’ witty passion to play with super--natural notions and imagery (such as ghosts, demons, and immortals) and stitch them into vivid, engaging scenes using techniques such as the gothic, the grotesque, and the satirical, in order to evoke sentiments such as terror, horror, disgust, dis--orientation, or awe, all in service of their insights into realist issues. The works also creatively tailor traditional Chinese modes and motifs, which exemplifies the revival of Republican interest in traditional cultural heritage. The supernatural narratives may amaze or disturb the reader at first, but what is more shocking, unpleasantly nudging, or thought-provoking is the problematic society and people’s lives that the supernatural (misunderstandings) eventually reveals. They present a more compre--hensive treatment of reality than Republican literature with its revolutionary consciousness surrounding class struggle. The critical perspectives of the supernatural narratives include domestic space, unacknowledged history and marginal individuals, abnormal mentality, and pervasive weaknesses in humanity.
The crossing and supernatural narratives function as a means of better understanding the lived reality.
This study gathers diverse primary sources written by Republican writers from various educational and political backgrounds and interprets them from a rare perspective, thus filling a research gap. It promotes a fuller view of supernatural narratives in twentieth-century Chinese literature. In terms of reflecting the social and personal reality of the Republican era, the supernatural narratives supplement the realist fiction of the time
Marvellous real in the Middle East: a comparative study of magical realism in contemporary women’s fiction
Magical realism has been studied extensively in relation to Latin America and subsequently in other parts of the world, yet the Middle East has not received adequate attention in academic scholarship. This PhD study examines a selection of contemporary female-authored narratives from the Middle East to establish an understanding of the practice of magical realism in this region. The selected texts for this study are: Raja Alem’s Fatma and My Thousand and One Nights; Shahrnush Parsipur’s Women Without Men and Touba and the Meaning of Night; Elif Shafak’s The Bastard of Istanbul and Gina B. Nahai’s Moonlight on the Avenue of Faith.
This study firstly explores the concept of magical realism as a mode of writing and determines its relationship to the Middle Eastern context. It then evaluates the texts under scrutiny by examining how the narrative of magical realism is constructed and what the sources are of the magical component in these texts, specifically in relation to Middle Eastern mythology. It also investigates the ideological aspect behind the employment of magical realism and whether it serves any political goal. The analysis of the selected texts is approached from three standpoints, that is, from literary, mythological and ideological perspectives. I argue that magical realism serves various purposes and that it is applied from perspectives that can be regarded as marginal to their communities’ dominant values, to subvert mainstream ideology. I also demonstrate that the Middle East is a crucial place to investigate magical realism because of the numerous complex cultural values that interact with each other in this region, and which enrich the practice of magical realism
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Home and School Literacy Practices of Children in a Rural Village in India: An Ethnography
The Indian state is responsible for providing free and compulsory education to all its 6-14-year-old children. A significant majority of these children attend state schools and belong to some of the most socio-economically disadvantaged sections of the country. Researchers who document teaching in these schools continue to provide accounts of teacher-led instruction. Both international and Indian assessments of literacy also evidence dismal levels of learning among children.
Unlike previous studies from India which have focused on teachers and teaching, this study broadens its focus to include children and learning. It does this by exploring the range of literacy practices that children engage with at home and school, and by taking into consideration the beliefs of caregivers and teachers shaping these practices. Theoretically rooted in a sociocultural theory, it shines a light on how children’s literacy practices are cultural and personal and, consequently, uncovers the relationship between home and school practices.
Ethnography provides the methodological framework for the study. The five participant children live in a resource-poor, agrarian village and attend the state school within the village. The literacy practices of two are discussed in detail in this current study. Participant observation of children’s practices in naturalistic settings, that is, their homes and school, and conversations with them lie at the heart of the fieldwork. Interviews with caregivers and teachers were also undertaken. Data were recorded with audio and video devices, in the form of fieldnotes, and children’s texts were captured through photographs. Consequently, it is the first known research to endeavour a qualitative exploration of children’s home literacy practices in India and to do so within a rural community.
This study makes significant contributions to theory. This has been possible because of the depth of its fieldwork and the theories it has chosen to draw on for analysis. The cultural nature of children’s practices has been highlighted using Gee’s (2002, 2012, 2014) conceptualisation of Discourse and identity and their personal nature has been examined using Hedges and her colleagues (Hedges et al., 2011; Hedges & Cooper, 2016) theorisation of interests. As a result, this study has been successful in highlighting the personal nature of children’s literacy practices. It also provides evidence of the potential of both theories to illuminate the nature of children’s literacy practices
Um modelo para suporte automatizado ao reconhecimento, extração, personalização e reconstrução de gráficos estáticos
Data charts are widely used in our daily lives, being present in regular media,
such as newspapers, magazines, web pages, books, and many others. A well constructed
data chart leads to an intuitive understanding of its underlying data
and in the same way, when data charts have wrong design choices, a redesign
of these representations might be needed. However, in most cases, these
charts are shown as a static image, which means that the original data are not
usually available. Therefore, automatic methods could be applied to extract the
underlying data from the chart images to allow these changes. The task of
recognizing charts and extracting data from them is complex, largely due to the
variety of chart types and their visual characteristics.
Computer Vision techniques for image classification and object detection are
widely used for the problem of recognizing charts, but only in images without
any disturbance. Other features in real-world images that can make this task
difficult are not present in most literature works, like photo distortions, noise,
alignment, etc. Two computer vision techniques that can assist this task and
have been little explored in this context are perspective detection and
correction. These methods transform a distorted and noisy chart in a clear
chart, with its type ready for data extraction or other uses. The task of
reconstructing data is straightforward, as long the data is available the
visualization can be reconstructed, but the scenario of reconstructing it on the
same context is complex.
Using a Visualization Grammar for this scenario is a key component, as these
grammars usually have extensions for interaction, chart layers, and multiple
views without requiring extra development effort.
This work presents a model for automated support for custom recognition, and
reconstruction of charts in images. The model automatically performs the
process steps, such as reverse engineering, turning a static chart back into its
data table for later reconstruction, while allowing the user to make modifications
in case of uncertainties. This work also features a model-based architecture
along with prototypes for various use cases. Validation is performed step by
step, with methods inspired by the literature. This work features three use
cases providing proof of concept and validation of the model.
The first use case features usage of chart recognition methods focused on
documents in the real-world, the second use case focus on vocalization of
charts, using a visualization grammar to reconstruct a chart in audio format,
and the third use case presents an Augmented Reality application that
recognizes and reconstructs charts in the same context (a piece of paper)
overlaying the new chart and interaction widgets. The results showed that with
slight changes, chart recognition and reconstruction methods are now ready for
real-world charts, when taking time, accuracy and precision into consideration.Os gráficos de dados são amplamente utilizados na nossa vida diária, estando
presentes nos meios de comunicação regulares, tais como jornais, revistas,
páginas web, livros, e muitos outros. Um gráfico bem construído leva a uma
compreensão intuitiva dos seus dados inerentes e da mesma forma, quando
os gráficos de dados têm escolhas de conceção erradas, poderá ser
necessário um redesenho destas representações. Contudo, na maioria dos
casos, estes gráficos são mostrados como uma imagem estática, o que
significa que os dados originais não estão normalmente disponíveis. Portanto,
poderiam ser aplicados métodos automáticos para extrair os dados inerentes
das imagens dos gráficos, a fim de permitir estas alterações. A tarefa de
reconhecer os gráficos e extrair dados dos mesmos é complexa, em grande
parte devido à variedade de tipos de gráficos e às suas características visuais.
As técnicas de Visão Computacional para classificação de imagens e deteção
de objetos são amplamente utilizadas para o problema de reconhecimento de
gráficos, mas apenas em imagens sem qualquer ruído. Outras características
das imagens do mundo real que podem dificultar esta tarefa não estão
presentes na maioria das obras literárias, como distorções fotográficas, ruído,
alinhamento, etc. Duas técnicas de visão computacional que podem ajudar
nesta tarefa e que têm sido pouco exploradas neste contexto são a deteção e
correção da perspetiva. Estes métodos transformam um gráfico distorcido e
ruidoso em um gráfico limpo, com o seu tipo pronto para extração de dados
ou outras utilizações. A tarefa de reconstrução de dados é simples, desde que
os dados estejam disponíveis a visualização pode ser reconstruída, mas o
cenário de reconstrução no mesmo contexto é complexo.
A utilização de uma Gramática de Visualização para este cenário é um
componente chave, uma vez que estas gramáticas têm normalmente
extensões para interação, camadas de gráficos, e visões múltiplas sem exigir
um esforço extra de desenvolvimento.
Este trabalho apresenta um modelo de suporte automatizado para o
reconhecimento personalizado, e reconstrução de gráficos em imagens
estáticas. O modelo executa automaticamente as etapas do processo, tais
como engenharia inversa, transformando um gráfico estático novamente na
sua tabela de dados para posterior reconstrução, ao mesmo tempo que
permite ao utilizador fazer modificações em caso de incertezas. Este trabalho
também apresenta uma arquitetura baseada em modelos, juntamente com
protótipos para vários casos de utilização. A validação é efetuada passo a
passo, com métodos inspirados na literatura. Este trabalho apresenta três
casos de uso, fornecendo prova de conceito e validação do modelo.
O primeiro caso de uso apresenta a utilização de métodos de reconhecimento
de gráficos focando em documentos no mundo real, o segundo caso de uso
centra-se na vocalização de gráficos, utilizando uma gramática de visualização
para reconstruir um gráfico em formato áudio, e o terceiro caso de uso
apresenta uma aplicação de Realidade Aumentada que reconhece e reconstrói
gráficos no mesmo contexto (um pedaço de papel) sobrepondo os novos
gráficos e widgets de interação. Os resultados mostraram que com pequenas
alterações, os métodos de reconhecimento e reconstrução dos gráficos estão
agora prontos para os gráficos do mundo real, tendo em consideração o
tempo, a acurácia e a precisão.Programa Doutoral em Engenharia Informátic
Interpersonal Model of Online Textual Persuasion
As with other forms of human communication, text-based computer-mediated communication (CMC) media, such as email, instant messaging, and online texting, are often used as a means to persuade others. However, unlike most other media, which feature structural bias in their support for either interpersonal or broadcast communication modes, text- based CMC supports both modes. As a result, CMC text messages frequently have ambiguous origins. We argue that individuals respond to this ambiguity by categorizing these messages based on characteristics that distinguish interpersonal messages from broadcast messages, and receivers tend to comply to a greater extent with those messages that they perceive as interpersonal. Based on these arguments, we present a fundamentally new online textual persuasion model. In empirically testing the model in an online experiment that we assessed with structural equation modeling, we found that it exhibited strong explanatory power and additional utility in augmenting existing online persuasion models. The results offer important theoretical contributions to human-computer interaction research generally and provide practical specific insights for improving persuasive communication via text-based CMC
'Exarcheia doesn't exist': Authenticity, Resistance and Archival Politics in Athens
My thesis investigates the ways people, materialities and urban spaces interact to form affective ecologies and produce historicity. It focuses on the neighbourhood of Exarcheia, Athens’ contested political topography par excellence, known for its production of radical politics of discontent and resistance to state oppression and eoliberal capitalism. Embracing Exarcheia’s controversial status within Greek vernacular, media and state discourses, this thesis aims to unpick the neighbourhoods’ socio-spatial assemblage imbued with affect and formed through the numerous (mis)understandings and (mis)interpretations rooted in its turbulent political history. Drawing on theory on urban spaces, affect, hauntology and archival politics, I argue for Exarcheia as an unwavering archival space composed of affective chronotopes – (in)tangible loci that defy space and temporality. I posit that the interwoven narratives and materialities emerging in my fieldwork are persistently – and perhaps obsessively – reiterating themselves and remaining imprinted on the neighbourhood’s landscape as an incessant reminder of violent histories that the state often seeks to erase and forget. Through this analysis, I contribute to understandings of place as a primary ethnographic ‘object’ and the ways in which place forms complex interactions and relationships with social actors, shapes their subjectivities, retains and bestows their memories and senses of historicity
From wallet to mobile: exploring how mobile payments create customer value in the service experience
This study explores how mobile proximity payments (MPP) (e.g., Apple Pay) create customer value in the service experience compared to traditional payment methods (e.g. cash and card). The main objectives were firstly to understand how customer value manifests as an outcome in the MPP service experience, and secondly to understand how the customer activities in the process of using MPP create customer value. To achieve these objectives a conceptual framework is built upon the Grönroos-Voima Value Model (Grönroos and Voima, 2013), and uses the Theory of Consumption Value (Sheth et al., 1991) to determine the customer value constructs for MPP, which is complimented with Script theory (Abelson, 1981) to determine the value creating activities the consumer does in the process of paying with MPP.
The study uses a sequential exploratory mixed methods design, wherein the first qualitative stage uses two methods, self-observations (n=200) and semi-structured interviews (n=18). The subsequent second quantitative stage uses an online survey (n=441) and Structural Equation Modelling analysis to further examine the relationships and effect between the value creating activities and customer value constructs identified in stage one. The academic contributions include the development of a model of mobile payment services value creation in the service experience, introducing the concept of in-use barriers which occur after adoption and constrains the consumers existing use of MPP, and revealing the importance of the mobile in-hand momentary condition as an antecedent state. Additionally, the customer value perspective of this thesis demonstrates an alternative to the dominant Information Technology approaches to researching mobile payments and broadens the view of technology from purely an object a user interacts with to an object that is immersed in consumers’ daily life
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