Впровадження систем надання рекомендацій в електронне навчання

The article says about recommender systems which can be used in e-learning. Approaches for creating user profile are viewed for different e-learning systems and recommender systems, algorithm of pseudoactive user profile creation based on characteristic features is proposed.Розглянуто системи надання рекомендацій, які доцільно використовувати для систем елек- тронного навчання. Досліджено підходи до побудови профілю користувача для різних типів систем електронного навчання та систем надання рекомендацій, запропоновано алгоритм побудови профілю псевдо-активного користувача, що базується на характерних рисах

Hybrid Recommender Systems: A Systematic Literature Review

Recommender systems are software tools used to generate and provide suggestions for items and other entities to the users by exploiting various strategies. Hybrid recommender systems combine two or more recommendation strategies in different ways to benefit from their complementary advantages. This systematic literature review presents the state of the art in hybrid recommender systems of the last decade. It is the first quantitative review work completely focused in hybrid recommenders. We address the most relevant problems considered and present the associated data mining and recommendation techniques used to overcome them. We also explore the hybridization classes each hybrid recommender belongs to, the application domains, the evaluation process and proposed future research directions. Based on our findings, most of the studies combine collaborative filtering with another technique often in a weighted way. Also cold-start and data sparsity are the two traditional and top problems being addressed in 23 and 22 studies each, while movies and movie datasets are still widely used by most of the authors. As most of the studies are evaluated by comparisons with similar methods using accuracy metrics, providing more credible and user oriented evaluations remains a typical challenge. Besides this, newer challenges were also identified such as responding to the variation of user context, evolving user tastes or providing cross-domain recommendations. Being a hot topic, hybrid recommenders represent a good basis with which to respond accordingly by exploring newer opportunities such as contextualizing recommendations, involving parallel hybrid algorithms, processing larger datasets, etc

A hybrid matchmaking approach in the ambient assisted living domain

During the recent years, several new Information and Communication Technology solutions have been developed in order to meet the increasing needs of elderly with cognitive impairments and support their autonomous living. Most of these solutions follow a human-centred paradigm that aims to provide users with personalised services according to their needs by also ensuring their safety with mechanisms that can automatically trigger appropriate actions in situations where there may be a risk for an elderly. The present paper presents a hybrid matchmaking approach that uses efficiently both a rule-based and a statistical matchmaker in order to (a) propose ambient assisted living services to the end-users, based on their role, status and context of use and (b) identify and resolve problematic cases by automatically selecting the most proper set of services to be called in a single or combined manner

Text-based Sentiment Analysis and Music Emotion Recognition

Nowadays, with the expansion of social media, large amounts of user-generated texts like tweets, blog posts or product reviews are shared online. Sentiment polarity analysis of such texts has become highly attractive and is utilized in recommender systems, market predictions, business intelligence and more. We also witness deep learning techniques becoming top performers on those types of tasks. There are however several problems that need to be solved for efficient use of deep neural networks on text mining and text polarity analysis. First of all, deep neural networks are data hungry. They need to be fed with datasets that are big in size, cleaned and preprocessed as well as properly labeled. Second, the modern natural language processing concept of word embeddings as a dense and distributed text feature representation solves sparsity and dimensionality problems of the traditional bag-of-words model. Still, there are various uncertainties regarding the use of word vectors: should they be generated from the same dataset that is used to train the model or it is better to source them from big and popular collections that work as generic text feature representations? Third, it is not easy for practitioners to find a simple and highly effective deep learning setup for various document lengths and types. Recurrent neural networks are weak with longer texts and optimal convolution-pooling combinations are not easily conceived. It is thus convenient to have generic neural network architectures that are effective and can adapt to various texts, encapsulating much of design complexity. This thesis addresses the above problems to provide methodological and practical insights for utilizing neural networks on sentiment analysis of texts and achieving state of the art results. Regarding the first problem, the effectiveness of various crowdsourcing alternatives is explored and two medium-sized and emotion-labeled song datasets are created utilizing social tags. One of the research interests of Telecom Italia was the exploration of relations between music emotional stimulation and driving style. Consequently, a context-aware music recommender system that aims to enhance driving comfort and safety was also designed. To address the second problem, a series of experiments with large text collections of various contents and domains were conducted. Word embeddings of different parameters were exercised and results revealed that their quality is influenced (mostly but not only) by the size of texts they were created from. When working with small text datasets, it is thus important to source word features from popular and generic word embedding collections. Regarding the third problem, a series of experiments involving convolutional and max-pooling neural layers were conducted. Various patterns relating text properties and network parameters with optimal classification accuracy were observed. Combining convolutions of words, bigrams, and trigrams with regional max-pooling layers in a couple of stacks produced the best results. The derived architecture achieves competitive performance on sentiment polarity analysis of movie, business and product reviews. Given that labeled data are becoming the bottleneck of the current deep learning systems, a future research direction could be the exploration of various data programming possibilities for constructing even bigger labeled datasets. Investigation of feature-level or decision-level ensemble techniques in the context of deep neural networks could also be fruitful. Different feature types do usually represent complementary characteristics of data. Combining word embedding and traditional text features or utilizing recurrent networks on document splits and then aggregating the predictions could further increase prediction accuracy of such models

Evolution de profils multi-attributs, par apprentissage automatique et adaptatif dans un système de recommandation pour l'aide à la décision

La prise en compte des profils utilisateurs ainsi que leurs évolutions, dans le domaine de l'aide à la décision, constitue actuellement dans la communauté des SIAD (Systèmes Interactifs d'Aide à la Décision) un enjeu important. En effet, la prise en compte du contexte lors de la décision est actuellement émergente pour les SIAD. Ces systèmes d'assistance offrent ainsi des conseils aux utilisateurs en se basant sur leur profil, qui représente leurs préférences à travers une liste de critères valués. Les principales contraintes viennent du fait qu'il est nécessaire que le système puisse amener de l'information pertinente de manière continue. Cela oblige donc à faire évoluer les profils des utilisateurs en fonction de leurs actions. Pour cela, le système ne doit pas seulement " comprendre " ce que l'utilisateur aime, mais également pourquoi. De plus, l'aide apportée aux utilisateurs évoluera donc dans le temps et également par rapport à l'utilisateur. Ainsi l'utilisateur aura à sa disposition une sorte d'assistant personnalisé. L'objectif du travail consiste à apporter une aide à l'activité de l'utilisateur en fonction de son profil. Pour cela, nous proposons de mettre en œuvre et de développer des algorithmes, basés sur des techniques issues du domaine de l'apprentissage, afin de faire évoluer le profil d'un utilisateur en fonction de ses actions. L'aide apportée à l'utilisateur par le système évoluera aussi en fonction de l'évolution de son profil. Le problème à traiter pour l'utilisateur est un problème de prise de décision. Pour ce problème, une assistance est apportée à l'utilisateur, et celle-ci se fait par un affinage des solutions potentielles. Cet affinage est effectué grâce à la mise en place d'un tri (ranking) évolutif des solutions qui sont présentées à l'utilisateur en fonction de son/ses profils. La réalisation d'un tel système nécessite l'articulation des trois principaux domaines de recherche ; qui sont l'Aide à la Décision multicritère, la Décomposition et Agrégation de préférence, et l'Apprentissage automatique. Les domaines de l'Aide à la Décision multicritère et de la Décomposition et Agrégation de préférence peuvent être aussi rassemblés en tant que Procédure d'Agrégation Multicritère (PAMC). Certaines méthodes d'Aide à la Décision multicritère sont mises en place ici et utilisent les données du profil afin d'apporter la meilleure aide possible à l'utilisateur. La décomposition est utilisée pour caractériser un objet afin de fournir à l'apprentissage les données nécessaires à son fonctionnement. L'agrégation quant à elle sert à obtenir une note sur un objet, et cela selon le profil de l'utilisateur, afin de pouvoir effectuer un classement (ranking). L'apprentissage sert à faire évoluer les profils des utilisateurs afin d'avoir toujours un profil représentant le plus fidèlement possible les préférences des utilisateurs. En effet les préférences des utilisateurs évoluant dans le temps, il est nécessaire de traiter ces changements afin d'adapter les réponses à apporter à l'utilisateur. Les contributions de cette thèse portent tout d'abord sur la définition, la construction et l'évolution d'un profil utilisateur (profiling évolutif) en fonction des actions explicites et implicites de l'utilisateur. Ce profiling évolutif est mis en œuvre au sein d'un système de recommandation utilisable sans base d'apprentissage, de manière synchrone et totalement incrémentale, et qui permet aux utilisateurs de changer rapidement de préférences et même d'être incohérents (rationalité limitée). Ce système, qui vient en complément d'un système de Recherche Information, a pour objectif d'établir un ordre total sur une liste d'éléments proposés à l'utilisateur (ranking), et ce en concordance avec les préférences de l'utilisateur. Ces contributions consistent également à la définition de techniques qui permettent d'apporter des parties de solutions à des verrous technologiques comme la désagrégation de critères et la prise en compte d'un nombre variable de critères dans le processus d'aide à la décision interactif, et ce sans définir au préalable de famille cohérente de critères sur laquelle est basée la décision. Plusieurs cadres applicatifs ont été définis afin d'évaluer le système par rapport à d'autres systèmes, mais également afin de tester ses performances de manière hors ligne avec des vraies données utilisateurs, ainsi qu'en ligne, en utilisant directement le système.Considering user profiles and their evolutions, for decision support is currently in the community of DSS (Decision Support Systems) an important issue. Indeed, the inclusion of context in the decision is currently emerging for DSS. Indeed the system offers advice to users based on their profile, which represents their preferences through a list of valued criteria. The main constraints come from the fact that the system need to continuously bring relevant information. It therefore requires changing user profiles thanks to their actions. So, the system must not only "understand" what the user likes, but also why. The users' assistance will evolve over time and therefore with the user. Thus the user has at his disposal a kind of personal assistant. The objective of this work is to provide assistance to the user's activity according to his profile. The objective is to develop an algorithm based on automatic techniques, in order to change the profile of a user based on his actions. The assistance provided to the user by the system will evolves according to the evolution of its profile. The problem addressed to the user is a problem of decision making. For this problem, assistance is provided to the user, and it is a refinement of potential solutions. This refining is done through the establishment of scalable scheduling solutions that are presented to the user depending on his / her profile. The realization of such a system requires the articulation of the three main areas of research which are the Multi-Criteria Decision Support, the Disaggregation and Aggregation of preferences, and Machine Learning. The fields of Decision Support and Multi Disaggregation and Aggregation preference can also be assembled as Multi-Criteria Aggregation Process (PAMC). Some methods of Multicriteria Decision Support are set up here and use profile data to provide the best possible support to the user. The decomposition is used to characterize an object to provide data to the learning algorithm required for its operation. Aggregation serves to score an object according to the user profile in order to rank the selected items. Machine Learning is used to change user profiles in order to always have a profile representing as closely as possible the preferences of users. Indeed user preferences change over the time, it is necessary to address these changes in order to adapt the answers to the user. The contributions of this thesis are firstly, the definition, construction and evolution of a user profile (evolutionary profiling) based on explicit and implicit user's actions. This evolutionary profiling is implemented within a recommender system usable without learning base, synchronously and completely incremental, and that allows users to quickly change their preferences and even to be inconsistent (bounded rationality). This system, which complements an Information System Research, aims to establish a total order on a list of items proposed to the user (ranking) and in accordance with his preferences. These also include the definition of techniques used to make parts of solutions to technological challenges as the disintegration of criteria and the inclusion of a variable number of criteria in the process of interactive decision support, and this without firstly defining coherent family of criteria on which the decision is based. Several application frameworks have been developed to evaluate the system and compare it to other systems, but also to test its performance with real user data in an offline mode, and in an online mode using directly the system

Semantic feedback for hybrid recommendations in Recommendz

In this paper we discuss the Recommendz recommender system. This domain-independent system combines the advantages of collaborative and content-based filtering in a novel way. By allowing users to provide feedback not only about an item as a whole, but also properties of an item that motivated their opinion, increased performance seems to be achieved. The features used to describe items are specified by the users of the system rather than predetermined using manual knowledge-engineering. We describe a method for combining descriptive features and simple ratings, and provide a performance analysis