47,537 research outputs found
Natural Language and its Ontology
This paper gives a characterization of the ontology implicit in natural language and the entities it involves, situates natural language ontology within metaphysics, and responds to Chomskys' dismissal of externalist semantics
Kotarbiński’s Ontology of Humanities
What is left of this initial project once Kotarbiński’s textbook became obsolete – as Kotarbiński himself claims, perhaps too modestly, in the preface of its second edition, in 1959 – and also given the strong criticism of reism, particularly by Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz [1966]? My answer is that the philosophical project of reism then became a methodological framework for intellectual work in general, and in particular for humanistic studies, or what we today call the Human and Social Sciences
Crowdsourcing Cybersecurity: Cyber Attack Detection using Social Media
Social media is often viewed as a sensor into various societal events such as
disease outbreaks, protests, and elections. We describe the use of social media
as a crowdsourced sensor to gain insight into ongoing cyber-attacks. Our
approach detects a broad range of cyber-attacks (e.g., distributed denial of
service (DDOS) attacks, data breaches, and account hijacking) in an
unsupervised manner using just a limited fixed set of seed event triggers. A
new query expansion strategy based on convolutional kernels and dependency
parses helps model reporting structure and aids in identifying key event
characteristics. Through a large-scale analysis over Twitter, we demonstrate
that our approach consistently identifies and encodes events, outperforming
existing methods.Comment: 13 single column pages, 5 figures, submitted to KDD 201
Characterizing Geo-located Tweets in Brazilian Megacities
This work presents a framework for collecting, processing and mining
geo-located tweets in order to extract meaningful and actionable knowledge in
the context of smart cities. We collected and characterized more than 9M tweets
from the two biggest cities in Brazil, Rio de Janeiro and S\~ao Paulo. We
performed topic modeling using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation model to produce
an unsupervised distribution of semantic topics over the stream of geo-located
tweets as well as a distribution of words over those topics. We manually
labeled and aggregated similar topics obtaining a total of 29 different topics
across both cities. Results showed similarities in the majority of topics for
both cities, reflecting similar interests and concerns among the population of
Rio de Janeiro and S\~ao Paulo. Nevertheless, some specific topics are more
predominant in one of the cities
Characterizing Geo-located Tweets in Brazilian Megacities
This work presents a framework for collecting, processing and mining
geo-located tweets in order to extract meaningful and actionable knowledge in
the context of smart cities. We collected and characterized more than 9M tweets
from the two biggest cities in Brazil, Rio de Janeiro and S\~ao Paulo. We
performed topic modeling using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation model to produce
an unsupervised distribution of semantic topics over the stream of geo-located
tweets as well as a distribution of words over those topics. We manually
labeled and aggregated similar topics obtaining a total of 29 different topics
across both cities. Results showed similarities in the majority of topics for
both cities, reflecting similar interests and concerns among the population of
Rio de Janeiro and S\~ao Paulo. Nevertheless, some specific topics are more
predominant in one of the cities
English for Students of Philology (Англійська мова для студентів-філологів)
Методичні рекомендації містять матеріал, необхідний для проведення практичних занять та організації самостійної роботи з англійської мови студентів-магістрантів ННІ філології та журналістики. Тексти, вправи, тести та рекомендації методичного характеру подані у послідовності, окресленої Програмою (затвердженою у 2013 році), для виконання чотирьох основних змістовних модулів. Матеріал розрахований на поглиблення фахових спеціальних та загальних комунікативних навичок студентів у процесі професійно спрямованого вивчення англійської мови.
Для денної та заочної форм навчання
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Language acquisition and machine learning
In this paper, we review recent progress in the field of machine learning and examine its implications for computational models of language acquisition. As a framework for understanding this research, we propose four component tasks involved in learning from experience - aggregation, clustering, characterization, and storage. We then consider four common problems studied by machine learning researchers - learning from examples, heuristics learning, conceptual clustering, and learning macro-operators - describing each in terms of our framework. After this, we turn to the problem of grammar acquisition, relating this problem to other learning tasks and reviewing four AI systems that have addressed the problem. Finally, we note some limitations of the earlier work and propose an alternative approach to modeling the mechanisms underlying language acquisition
Intellectualism and the argument from cognitive science
Intellectualism is the claim that practical knowledge or ‘know-how’ is a kind of propositional knowledge. The debate over Intellectualism has appealed to two different kinds of evidence, semantic and scientific. This paper concerns the relationship between Intellectualist arguments based on truth-conditional semantics of practical knowledge ascriptions, and anti-Intellectualist arguments based on cognitive science and propositional representation. The first half of the paper argues that the anti-Intellectualist argument from cognitive science rests on a naturalistic approach to metaphysics: its proponents assume that findings from cognitive science provide evidence about the nature of mental states. We demonstrate that this fact has been overlooked in the ensuing debate, resulting in inconsistency and confusion. Defenders of the semantic approach to Intellectualism engage with the argument from cognitive science in a way that implicitly endorses this naturalistic metaphysics, and even rely on it to claim that cognitive science support Intellectualism. In the course of their arguments, however, they also reject that scientific findings can have metaphysical import. We argue that this situation is preventing productive debate about Intellectualism, which would benefit from both sides being more transparent about their metaphilosophical assumptions
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