14 research outputs found

    Beyond Quantity: Research with Subsymbolic AI

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    How do artificial neural networks and other forms of artificial intelligence interfere with methods and practices in the sciences? Which interdisciplinary epistemological challenges arise when we think about the use of AI beyond its dependency on big data? Not only the natural sciences, but also the social sciences and the humanities seem to be increasingly affected by current approaches of subsymbolic AI, which master problems of quality (fuzziness, uncertainty) in a hitherto unknown way. But what are the conditions, implications, and effects of these (potential) epistemic transformations and how must research on AI be configured to address them adequately

    Energy Supply within Sustainable Agricultural Production: Challenges, Policies and Mechanisms

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    Providing the security of a broad-based energy and slowing the speed of climate change are the main challenges today of the basic of legal framework to stimulate the development of alternative energy sources. Energy from renewable sources is one part of the system, which not only enables to provide energy self-sufficiency, but also contributes to the reduction heating of the Earth’s atmosphere. International climate agreements indicate the need to intensify the prevention of global warming and accelerate the reduction in CO2 emissions. The implementation of such challenging plans as outlined in the European Green Deal or "Fit for 55," among others, entails the almost complete elimination of GHG emissions in the energy sector, which can be very challenging for some member states. In the EU, the preferred direction of development of RES use is distributed generation and increasing the share of the use of by-products and organic waste for the production biofuels. This creates great opportunities for rural areas, which until the last century were identified with agriculture and the production of food or raw materials. While the role of agriculture will not diminish, as incomes are rising in relatively poor countries with a high elasticity of demand for food, these areas will increasingly perform a number of other important functions as well. The production of energy raw materials and energy, which is no longer a mere idea, but is becoming, thanks to the development of new technologies, a mainstream energy sector that can make contribution to improving energy security and achieving climate neutrality

    Essays in option market liquidity

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    Ph. D. Thesis.This study investigates equity option market liquidity with different aspects of the bid-ask spread, open interest, and trading volume in the US. We find a newly discovered determinant of option liquidity: excess cash (that is, the level of cash reserve in excess of what can be captured by firm characteristics) after accounting for underlying stock liquidity. We display evidence that an increase of 1% in excess cash holding leads to a 0.58% reduction in option bid-ask spread, 0.28% increase in open interest, and 0.26% increase in trading volume. We also demonstrate that there is a significantly positive linkage between stock and equity option market liquidity. The results show that funding liquidity is a liquidity supplier of their market liquidity linkages. Stocks with a higher probability of informed trading or facing greater short-selling pressures register a significant reduction in the stock-equity option market liquidity interactions. What is more, we analyse the effects of option market liquidity on stock price crash risk. We find that the magnitude of crash risk will increase when the companies with a higher trading volume and open interests of the options, while the option bid-ask spread will decrease market crashes

    Managing the Paradox of Growth in Brand Communities Through Social Media

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    The commercial benefits of online brand communities are an important focus for marketers seeking deeper engagement with increasingly elusive consumers. Managing participation in these socially bound brand conversations challenges practitioners to balance authenticity towards the community against corporate goals. This is important as social media proliferation affords communities the capacity to reach a scale well beyond their offline equivalents and to operate independently of brands. While research has identified the important elements of engagement in brand communities, less is known about how strategies required to maximise relationships in these circumstances must change with growth. Using a case study approach, we examine how a rapidly growing firm and its community have managed the challenges of a maturing relationship. We find that, in time, the community becomes self-sustaining, and a new set of marketing management strategies is required to move engagement to the next level

    Managing the Paradox of Growth in Brand Communities Through Social Media

    Full text link
    The commercial benefits of online brand communities are an important focus for marketers seeking deeper engagement with increasingly elusive consumers. Managing participation in these socially bound brand conversations challenges practitioners to balance authenticity towards the community against corporate goals. This is important as social media proliferation affords communities the capacity to reach a scale well beyond their offline equivalents and to operate independently of brands. While research has identified the important elements of engagement in brand communities, less is known about how strategies required to maximise relationships in these circumstances must change with growth. Using a case study approach, we examine how a rapidly growing firm and its community have managed the challenges of a maturing relationship. We find that, in time, the community becomes self-sustaining, and a new set of marketing management strategies is required to move engagement to the next level
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