8,594 research outputs found

    Complementarities in human capital production:The Importance of Gene-Environment Interactions

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    Graduate Catalog of Studies, 2023-2024

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    Electronic payment acceptance model: A study on United Arab Emirates consumers

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    This paper aims to investigate if trust, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use affect the intention to use e-payment. Also, the study explores if attitudes towards the use of e-payment influence consumer's intentions to use the e-payment system which is supported by testing the moderation effect of Self-Efficacy, and Computer Anxiety on the attitude to use such systems in higher education institutes. The study found that there are a variety of effects of the Electronic Payment Acceptance Model in the United Arab Emirates that pertain to sociological, legal, and economic aspects. The United Arab Emirates can benefit from a more robust and inclusive digital payment ecosystem by comprehending and implementing the lessons gained from such research. Among the lessons learned from this study is that using electronic payment leads to many benefits, it is not possible to benefit from all these benefits if the acceptance rate of technology, especially electronic payment, is low. For this reason, this research came to provide solutions to the possibility of increasing the acceptance of technology among individuals and organizations through a complete model and studying the impact of its factors and the factors that moderate the relationship in it

    Cycling Through the Pandemic : Tactical Urbanism and the Implementation of Pop-Up Bike Lanes in the Time of COVID-19

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    Provides an international overview on how tactical urbanism was implemented to give more space to cycling Demonstrates the conceptual framework surrounding tactical urbanism and how it plays out theoretically Proposes new methodological insights to understand the effects of tactical urbanism intervention

    Approaching Trans Healthcare Competency: The Implementation of Trans Health Education for Medical Providers in Appalachia

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    Barriers to competent and safe healthcare disproportionately impact people who are marginalized because of their race, ethnicity, gender, or socioeconomic status. It is well documented that transgender patients in particular experience barriers to both accessing care and receiving high quality, non-discriminatory care (Hatzenbuehler & Pachankis, 2016; James et al., 2016; Rahman et al., 2019; Safer et al., 2016). This lack of access to culturally competent healthcare services contributes to health disparities that disproportionately impact the trans community. Literature on barriers to competent care for trans patients indicates that providers experience discomfort related to their ability to provide competent care (Safer et al., 2016). Many providers endorse a median of only five hours of trans healthcare training across their entire medical school curriculum (Hughto et al., 2015), and in some cases, as little as 45 minutes per year (Sawning et al., 2017). Primary care clinics should be the place in which general health and wellbeing are addressed for trans patients, as has been true for cisgender people. Primary care providers should be competent in assessing eligibility for Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) and surgery (Wylie et al., 2016), as well as providing necessary preventative care. Thus, this makes primary care the ideal setting for the proposed medical education implementation project. The current study aimed to develop and implement a training program for medical residents in primary care in rural South Central Appalachia. A six-stage development and implementation study is described. The intervention was evaluated for pedagogical outcomes including sustainability for future use, usefulness to residents, and accessibility. Evaluation of effectiveness included analyses of changes in providers’ self-reported competency, awareness of discriminatory experiences, and attitudes towards treating trans patients. There were no significant differences in pre-post competency scores (r=22, M=33.29[SD=5.96]; r=31, M=37.33[SD=1.02], SD=8.00) or in pre-post attitudes scores (r=15, M=32.76[SE=0.8], SD=4.69; r=13, M=34.7273[SE=1.00], SD=4.692). Accessibility and sustainability were measured qualitatively and included data such as resident attendance and ease of use of material for future behavioral health provider trainers. These outcomes were found to be satisfactory based on stakeholder feedback. Usefulness included three data points (satisfaction, helpfulness, value of training)

    Testing the Predictions of Surprisal Theory in 11 Languages

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    A fundamental result in psycholinguistics is that less predictable words take a longer time to process. One theoretical explanation for this finding is Surprisal Theory (Hale, 2001; Levy, 2008), which quantifies a word's predictability as its surprisal, i.e. its negative log-probability given a context. While evidence supporting the predictions of Surprisal Theory have been replicated widely, most have focused on a very narrow slice of data: native English speakers reading English texts. Indeed, no comprehensive multilingual analysis exists. We address this gap in the current literature by investigating the relationship between surprisal and reading times in eleven different languages, distributed across five language families. Deriving estimates from language models trained on monolingual and multilingual corpora, we test three predictions associated with surprisal theory: (i) whether surprisal is predictive of reading times; (ii) whether expected surprisal, i.e. contextual entropy, is predictive of reading times; (iii) and whether the linking function between surprisal and reading times is linear. We find that all three predictions are borne out crosslinguistically. By focusing on a more diverse set of languages, we argue that these results offer the most robust link to-date between information theory and incremental language processing across languages.Comment: This is a pre-MIT Press publication version of the pape

    Deep learning for unsupervised domain adaptation in medical imaging: Recent advancements and future perspectives

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    Deep learning has demonstrated remarkable performance across various tasks in medical imaging. However, these approaches primarily focus on supervised learning, assuming that the training and testing data are drawn from the same distribution. Unfortunately, this assumption may not always hold true in practice. To address these issues, unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) techniques have been developed to transfer knowledge from a labeled domain to a related but unlabeled domain. In recent years, significant advancements have been made in UDA, resulting in a wide range of methodologies, including feature alignment, image translation, self-supervision, and disentangled representation methods, among others. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive literature review of recent deep UDA approaches in medical imaging from a technical perspective. Specifically, we categorize current UDA research in medical imaging into six groups and further divide them into finer subcategories based on the different tasks they perform. We also discuss the respective datasets used in the studies to assess the divergence between the different domains. Finally, we discuss emerging areas and provide insights and discussions on future research directions to conclude this survey.Comment: Under Revie

    Understanding the Potential of Sport for Promoting Physical Activity and Psychological Well-Being in Middle-Aged and Older Adults

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    Insufficient physical activity is considered a global public health challenge. This thesis highlights that, for middle-aged and older adults, sport participation is associated with a wide range of psychosocial benefits. Then, the thesis offers insight into the potential of walking sport programmes to promote health-enhancing physical activity in middle-aged and older adults. Recommendations are provided to promote the appeal, feasibility, and sustainability of walking sport programmes in community-based settings

    Eating Behavior In-The-Wild and Its Relationship to Mental Well-Being

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    The motivation for eating is beyond survival. Eating serves as means for socializing, exploring cultures, etc. Computing researchers have developed various eating detection technologies that can leverage passive sensors available on smart devices to automatically infer when and, to some extent, what an individual is eating. However, despite their significance in eating literature, crucial contextual information such as meal company, type of food, location of meals, the motivation of eating episodes, the timing of meals, etc., are difficult to detect through passive means. More importantly, the applications of currently developed automated eating detection systems are limited. My dissertation addresses several of these challenges by combining the strengths of passive sensing technologies and EMAs (Ecological Momentary Assessment). EMAs are a widely adopted tool used across a variety of disciplines that can gather in-situ information about individual experiences. In my dissertation, I demonstrate the relationship between various eating contexts and the mental well-being of college students and information workers through naturalistic studies. The contributions of my dissertation are four-fold. First, I develop a real-time meal detection system that can detect meal-level episodes and trigger EMAs to gather contextual data about one’s eating episode. Second, I deploy this system in a college student population to understand their eating behavior during day-to-day life and investigate the relationship of these eating behaviors with various mental well-being outcomes. Third, based on the limitations of passive sensing systems to detect short and sporadic chewing episodes present in snacking, I develop a snacking detection system and operationalize the definition of snacking in this thesis. Finally, I investigate the causal relationship between stress levels experienced by remote information workers during their workdays and its effect on lunchtime. This dissertation situates the findings in an interdisciplinary context, including ubiquitous computing, psychology, and nutrition.Ph.D

    Designs of Blackness

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    Across more than two centuries Afro-America has created a huge and dazzling variety of literary self-expression. Designs of Blackness provides less a narrative literary history than, precisely, a series of mappings—each literary-critical and comparative while at the same time offering cultural and historical context. This carefully re-edited version of the 1998 publication opens with an estimation of earliest African American voice in the names of Phillis Wheatley and her contemporaries. It then takes up the huge span of autobiography from Frederick Douglass through to Maya Angelou. "Harlem on My Mind," which follows, sets out the literary contours of America’s premier black city. Womanism, Alice Walker’s presiding term, is given full due in an analysis of fiction from Harriet E. Wilson to Toni Morrison. Richard Wright is approached not as some regulation "realist" but as a more inward, at times near-surreal, author. Decadology has its risks but the 1940s has rarely been approached as a unique era of war and peace and especially in African American texts. Beat Generation work usually adheres to Ginsberg and Kerouac, but black Beat writing invites its own chapter in the names of Amiri Baraka, Ted Joans and Bob Kaufman. The 1960s has long become a mythic change-decade, and in few greater respects than as a black theatre both of the stage and politics. In Leon Forrest African America had a figure of the postmodern turn: his work is explored in its own right and for how it takes its place in the context of other reflexive black fiction. "African American Fictions of Passing" unpacks the whole deceptive trope of "race" in writing from Williams Wells Brown through to Charles Johnson. The two newly added chapters pursue African American literary achievement into the Obama-Trump century, fiction from Octavia Butler to Darryl Pinkney, poetry from Rita Dove to Kevin Young
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