Dust control handbook for industrial minerals mining and processing

Throughout the mining and processing of minerals, the mined ore undergoes a number of crushing, grinding, cleaning, drying, and product sizing operations as it is processed into a marketable commodity. These operations are highly mechanized, and both individually and collectively these processes can generate large amounts of dust. If control technologies are inadequate, hazardous levels of respirable dust may be liberated into the work environment, potentially exposing workers. Accordingly, federal regulations are in place to limit the respirable dust exposure of mine workers. Engineering controls are implemented in mining operations in an effort to reduce dust generation and limit worker exposure.NIOSHTIC no. 2004022

Dust Control Handbook for Industrial Minerals Mining and Processing

Mined ore undergoes crushing, grinding, cleaning, drying, and product sizing as it is processed, generating harmful dust. This handbook reviews technologies for lowering dust levels below the permissible or recommended occupational exposure limits

English for Study and Work: Coursebook in 4 books. Book 2 Obtaining and Processing Information for Specific Purposes

Подано всі види діяльності студентів з вивчення англійської мови, спрямовані на розвиток мовної поведінки, необхідної для ефективного спілкування в академічному та професійному середовищах. Містить завдання і вправи, типові для різноманітних академічних та професійних сфер і ситуацій. Структура організації змісту – модульна, охоплює мовні знання і мовленнєві вміння залежно від мовної поведінки. Даний модуль має на меті розвиток у студентів стратегій, умінь, навичок читання, пошуку та вилучення професійно-орієнтованої інформації, необхідної для ефективної професійної діяльності і навчання. Містить завдання і вправи, типові для академічних та професійних сфер, пов’язаних з гірництвом і розробкою родовищ корисних копалин. Зразки текстів – автентичні, різножанрові, взяті з реального життя, містять цікаву й актуальну інформацію про особливості видобутку мінеральних ресурсів в провідних країнах світу, сучасний підхід до розробки родовищ тощо. Ресурси для самостійної роботи (Частина ІІ) містять завдання та вправи для розширення словникового запасу та розвитку знань найуживанішої термінології з гірництва, що спрямовано на організацію самостійної роботи з розвитку мовленнєвих умінь, знань про корисні копалини, методи їх видобутку. За допомогою засобів діагностики студенти можуть самостійно перевірити засвоєння навчального матеріалу й оцінити свої досягнення. Призначений для студентів вищих навчальних закладів, зокрема технічних університетів. Може використовуватися для самостійного вивчення англійської мови викладачами, фахівцями і науковцями різних галузей

Dust control handbook for industrial minerals mining and processing

"This handbook was written by a task force of safety and health specialists, industrial hygienists, and engineers to provide information on proven and effective control technologies that lower workers' dust exposures during all stages of mineral processing. The handbook describes both dust-generating processes and the control strategies necessary to enable mine operators to reduce worker dust exposure. Implementation of the engineering controls discussed can assist operators, health specialists, and workers in reaching the ultimate goal of eliminating pneumoconiosis and other occupational diseases caused by dust exposure in the mining industry. Designed primarily for use by industrial minerals producers, this handbook contains detailed information on control technologies to address all stages of the minerals handling process, including drilling, crushing, screening, conveyance, bagging, loadout, and transport. The handbook's aim is to empower minerals industry personnel to apply state-of-the-art dust control technology to help reduce or eliminate mine and mill worker exposure to hazardous dust concentrations - a critical component in ensuring the health of our nation's mine workers." - NIOSHTIC-2NIOSHTIC no. 20055113Suggested citation: NIOSH [2019]. Dust control handbook for industrial minerals mining and processing. Second edition. By Cecala AB, O\u2019Brien AD, Schall J, Colinet JF, Franta RJ, Schultz MJ, Haas EJ, Robinson J, Patts J, Holen BM, Stein R, Weber J, Strebel M, Wilson L, and Ellis M. Pittsburgh PA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2019\u2013124, RI 9701. https://doi.org/10.26616/NIOSHPUB2019124201910.26616/NIOSHPUB2019124606

National Survey of the Mining Population: Part I: Employees

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted the first comprehensive survey of the U.S. mining population in more than 20 years

National Survey of the Mining Population: Part I: Employees

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted the first comprehensive survey of the U.S. mining population in more than 20 years

Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory - Preliminary Design Report

The DUSEL Project has produced the Preliminary Design of the Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory (DUSEL) at the rehabilitated former Homestake mine in South Dakota. The Facility design calls for, on the surface, two new buildings - one a visitor and education center, the other an experiment assembly hall - and multiple repurposed existing buildings. To support underground research activities, the design includes two laboratory modules and additional spaces at a level 4,850 feet underground for physics, biology, engineering, and Earth science experiments. On the same level, the design includes a Department of Energy-shepherded Large Cavity supporting the Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment. At the 7,400-feet level, the design incorporates one laboratory module and additional spaces for physics and Earth science efforts. With input from some 25 science and engineering collaborations, the Project has designed critical experimental space and infrastructure needs, including space for a suite of multidisciplinary experiments in a laboratory whose projected life span is at least 30 years. From these experiments, a critical suite of experiments is outlined, whose construction will be funded along with the facility. The Facility design permits expansion and evolution, as may be driven by future science requirements, and enables participation by other agencies. The design leverages South Dakota's substantial investment in facility infrastructure, risk retirement, and operation of its Sanford Laboratory at Homestake. The Project is planning education and outreach programs, and has initiated efforts to establish regional partnerships with underserved populations - regional American Indian and rural populations

An investigation into the possibilities of mechanised stowing in British collieries

This thesis records the investigation into the possibilities of the mechanisation of underground stowage of the goaf, with special reference to mining conditions in this country, and is the continuation of several years' practical research conducted in India on hydraulic systems of stowing sand.Since the inception of this work three years ago, the subject has received increased attention from mining engineers. It is realised that the continued development of mechanised coal getting is dependent upon the successful mechanisation of the other operations in and around the coal face.DEVELOPMENT IN MINING TECHNIQUE: GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 7. TIE EFFECT OF COAL EXTRACTION ON STRATA (a) SUBSIDENCE: (i) Introduction . . 12. (ii) Physical Aspects 13. (iii) Economic Aspects 16. (b) SYSTEMS OF STRATA CONTROL (i ) The Caving System 18. (ii ) Strip Packing. . 18. (iii) Solid Stowing. . 18. (c) CONTINUOUS MINING CONSIDERATIONS. . 20. GENERAL PREAMBLE ON THE NECESSITY FOR MECHANISED STOWING (a) INTRODUCTORY 23. (b) FACTORS INFLUENCING THE INTRODUCTION OF POWER STOWING IN GREAT BRITAIN. 27. MINING LAYOUT FOR POWER STOWING (a) HORIZON SYSTEM OF MINING 30. (b) METHODS OF WORKING 32. STOWING MATERIALS (a) INTRODUCTION 47 (b) NATURE OF STOWING MATERIAL: 49 (i) Composition. . . 49. (ii) Size Analysis. . 50. (iii) Shape 54 (c) COMPRESSIBILITY OF STOWING MATERIAL: (i) Void Tests . . . 63. (ii) Compression Tests 71. MATERIAL HANDLING (a) PREPARATION AND SUPPLY OF STOWING MATERIAL 83. (b) TRANSPORT AND FEED ARRANGEMENTS: 88 (i) Pneumatic Stowing . . 88. (ii) Mechanical Stowing. . 90. STOWING PIPES (a) INTRODUCTION 94. (b) PIPE DESIGN: 95. (i) Material 95 (ii) Dimensions 96. (iii) Joints and Bends. . . 98. (c) WEAR IN PIPES: (i) General 102. (ii) Flushing, Blasting and Impact Tests 103. (iii) Wear due to Friction and Impact 107. (d) PRACTICAL PERFORMANCE: (i) Sand-Water Mixtures . . 110. (ii) Air-Material Mixtures . 111. (iii) Pipe Life and Tonnage Handled 112. (e) CONCLUSIONS 115. SURVEY OF STOWING PLANT (a) HYDRAULIC: (i) History and Development 117. (ii) Modern Plant & Practice 119. (b) PNEUMATIC: (i) History and Development 123. (ii) Modern Plant . 124. (iii) Power Consumption . . . 129. (c) MECHANICAL: (i) History and Development 131. (ii) Modern Plant 136. (iii) Theoretical Considerations in New Designs. . . . 139. DESIGN OF INBYE AIR COMPRESSOR (a) COMPRESSOR DESIGN: (i) General 144. (ii) Blowing Pressure . . 145. (iii) Air Consumption. . . 145. (iv) General Specification 146. (b) DESIGN OF A SINGLE STAGE RECIPROCATING AIR COMPRESSOR FOR PNEUMATIC STOWING IN MINES: (i) Practical Design Data:- 148 Capacity . . . Working Pressure Drive Cooling Dimensions Air temperatures (ii) General Considerations 148. (iii) Speed 149. (iv) Horse Power 149. (v) Design of Electric Motor 150. (vi) Piston Stroke and Piston Speed . . . . 151. (vii) Cylinder Diameter and Number of Cylinders . 151. (viii) Arrangement of Cylinders 152. (ix) Crank Arrangements . . 152. (x) Cooling Water 15 (xi) Air Receiver 15. (xii) An Inlet Filter. . . 158. ( c ) GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED COMPRESSOR 160. THE ECONOMIC ASPECT OF POWER STOWING (a) GENERAL ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS. . 164. (b) LABOUR AND MANPOWER 166. (c) PLANT (i) Capital Cost 173. (ii) Depreciation 173. (d) POWER COSTS 176. (e) OVERALL STOWING COSTS . 177. (f) CONCLUSIONS 180. PRESENT APPLICATION AND FUTURE TRENDS IN POWER STOWING. PRESENT APPLICATION AND FUTURE TRENDS IN POWER STOWIING (a) PRESENT APPLICATIONS 184. (b) FUTURE TRENDS 187 . CONCLUSIONS 189

Experimental and Numerical Studies on the Abrasive and Impact Behavior of Wear Resistant Steels

The demand for more wear resistant materials originates from modern applications of many industries, such as mining, automotive, aerospace and civil structures. The motivation to develop more efficient engineering structures and components can be seen beneficial in both economically and environmentally. Lighter, higher strength and more wear resistant solutions can be attractive, for example because of savings in energy consumption (e.g., petrol and running costs), higher load bearing capability per material thickness/volume, and increased component lifespan. Steels remain still today very competitive materials for various wear applications because of their relatively good wear resistance in many conditions arising from their excellet mechanical properties, and because of the reasonable cost of manufacturing and processing of the components.The steels exposed to high stress abrasive and impact wear conditions, for example in the equipment used in mining, are required to withstand heavy static and dynamic loadings for long periods of time. The evaluation of the performance of different steels in these type of conditions is often performed with experimental setups imitating the real loading conditions and material characterizations done afterwards, giving an insight into the material’s wear behavior in a particular tribosystem.This work concentrates on the characterization of the mechanical behavior of wear resistant steels subjected to abrasive and impact loadings by hard particles. The mechanical behavior of the steels was first characterized at a wide range of strain rates from 10−3 to 4000 s−1 . Although the increase in the flow stress with the increasing the strain rate is well established, limited information is available of the behavior of these steels in the dynamic range. For example, the localization phenomena, such as adiabatic shear banding, have an important role in the failure behavior of the martensitic steels. On the other hand, the strain hardening behavior of austenitic manganese steels that evolves with strain and strain rate is affected largely by the twinning phenomenon. Two in-service cases including sample materials from a jaw crusher and from a cutting edge of a bucket loader were also characterized and analyzed. The observations made on the deformed microstructures of the laboratory and in-service samples formed the basis for the simulation approaches developed in this work.High stress abrasion experiments were performed and further developed for the testing of wear resistant steels to study their capabilities to surface harden and to withstand wear. The results show that the surface hardening of the steels has a substantial effect on their wear rates. The common single scratch experiments, however, were shown to be insufficient to reveal all important aspects related for example to the surface hardening of the studied materials, and therefore different types of multi-scratch experiments were also applied. The characterization also showed that the martensitic steels generate two types of tribolayers depending on the prevailing contact conditions.High velocity impact testing was conducted with a novel high velocity particle impactor device. The steels showed dependence on several external factors and conditions, such as impact energy, impact angle, and incident impulse. It was shown that the wear characteristics depended on the deformation mechanisms such as ploughing or cutting in addition to some more special mechanisms such as shear banding, which becomes active only at higher impact energies and/or higher strain rates. The strain hardening had both positive and negative effects on the material’s resistance against impacts depending on the loading conditions.Two numerical crystal plasticity models were implemented to assist the development of the understanding of the deformation behavior at micro-scale. First a phenomenological model including dislocation slip and twinning was formulated to describe the micromechanical phenomena occurring in austenitic manganese steels. The model was found capable of representing the material behavior with a satisfactory accuracy in the studied deformation conditions, starting from the single crystal behavior and extending to the polycrystal level. A multi-scale method linking the application and microstructural scales was also demonstrated using a jaw crusher as an example. Implementation of a crystal plasticity method for BCC microstructure in the large deformation framework was also carried out. The model was extended to include a phenomenological description of the shear banding phenomenon in the microscale. The extension was demonstrated with simulations on single crystals with four different initial orientations. The results indicated that shear banding is a heavily orientation dependent phenomenon, but its relevance for the performance of polycrystalline microstructures still requires further examinations