476,276 research outputs found

    Implementation of the Unity Engine for Developing 2D Mobile Games in Consideration of Start-Up/Student Developers.

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    The Unity 3D engine is used by a large majority of developers to create games. It owns a forty five percent market share and is considered one of the biggest development tools today; this is due to its simple and fast development process which allows for rapid production of game prototypes. However, with over a hundred different options available to develop games, one must ask whether using an engine such as Unity to generate simple 2D mobile games is necessary. This paper aims to discover whether the use of the Unity engine is appropriate for beginner developers who are looking to create 2D mobile games whilst also providing insight into how influential Unity is within education and whether learning more programming orientated applications is beneficial in regards to universal application and longevity. We will define the criteria for selecting a development methodology and create a 2D mobile game within the Unity engine and replicate this game using Corona SDK. The development process for both implementations will be reviewed and compared then the game will be tested using a benchmark application on various devices to help demonstrate which method was the most optimised and therefore appropriate for mobile development

    Calibration Methodology for CFD Models of Rooms and Buildings with Mechanical Ventilation from Experimental Results

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    This chapter describes a methodology for the development and calibration of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models of three-dimensional enclosures for buildings with combined forced and natural convection from experimental result. The models were validated with physical test measurements of room air temperature. The developed CFD models included a model of an internal wall-mounted air conditioning (HVAC) split unit. The methodology proposed here aims at selecting the correct grid size and the appropriate boundary conditions from experimental data. The experimental campaign took place in an empty office room within an educational building. A set of experiments was performed with varying boundary conditions of two main variables, the fan speed of the HVAC unit and the surface wall temperature of the opposite wall to the HVAC unit. The developed CFD models used the standard k-Δ turbulence model and the SIMPLE algorithm. The variable of interest was the room air temperature and its distribution within the internal environment. The application of the methodology has shown satisfactory results, finding a maximum error of 9% between the CFD model and the experimental result. This methodology can be used by other researchers to calibrate CFD models in existing rooms and then carry out detailed studies of temperature distribution, comfort and energy demand analysis

    Platform based screening strategies that deliver reliable and high quality continous biomanufacturing processes

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    The challenge during mammalian cell line and upstream process development is to identify and isolate stable, high expressing cell lines producing product with the appropriate critical product quality attributes rapidly, reproducibly and with relative ease. Current platform processes are based on a defined set of hierarchical screening strategies utilised to identify key cellular performance criteria required for fed-batch culture (Porter et al 2010a,b). The application of continuous biomanufacturing principles has introduced a paradigm shift, due to their inherent advantage of higher productivity which can facilitate the implementation of smaller process equipment and result in cost-effective, lean and agile manufacturing facilities. However, as we move from fed-batch to continuous manufacturing we must re-evaluate and leverage the correct platform technologies (host cell line, expression vector, cell line development process, cell culture media/feed, process control) to rapidly identify the correct cellular performance criteria that are important for continuous biomanufacturing processes. Furthermore, whereas the adoption of robust and reproducible platform processes have been widely adopted for fed-batch processes, optimal upstream continuous processes performance still largely relies on the optimisation of key bioprocess parameters which are optimised in an ad-hoc manner during process development. To increase speed-to-clinic we show the application of both a new cell line development and continuous upstream production platform methodology which has been successfully utilised to establish reliable and high quality continuous upstream biomanufacturing processes for multiple CHO-DG44 derived cell lines and recombinant monoclonal antibody products. References Porter AJ, Dickson AJ, Racher AJ. (2010a) Strategies for selecting recombinant CHO cell lines for cGMP manufacturing: Realising the potential in bioreactors. Biotechnol Prog 26(5):1446-54 Porter AJ, Racher AJ, Preziosi R, Dickson AJ (2010b) Strategies for selecting recombinant CHO cell lines for cGMP manufacturing: Improving the efficiency of cell line generation. Biotechnol Prog 26(5): 1455-64

    A methodology for the selection of new technologies in the aviation industry

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    The purpose of this report is to present a technology selection methodology to quantify both tangible and intangible benefits of certain technology alternatives within a fuzzy environment. Specifically, it describes an application of the theory of fuzzy sets to hierarchical structural analysis and economic evaluations for utilisation in the industry. The report proposes a complete methodology to accurately select new technologies. A computer based prototype model has been developed to handle the more complex fuzzy calculations. Decision-makers are only required to express their opinions on comparative importance of various factors in linguistic terms rather than exact numerical values. These linguistic variable scales, such as ‘very high’, ‘high’, ‘medium’, ‘low’ and ‘very low’, are then converted into fuzzy numbers, since it becomes more meaningful to quantify a subjective measurement into a range rather than in an exact value. By aggregating the hierarchy, the preferential weight of each alternative technology is found, which is called fuzzy appropriate index. The fuzzy appropriate indices of different technologies are then ranked and preferential ranking orders of technologies are found. From the economic evaluation perspective, a fuzzy cash flow analysis is employed. This deals quantitatively with imprecision or uncertainties, as the cash flows are modelled as triangular fuzzy numbers which represent ‘the most likely possible value’, ‘the most pessimistic value’ and ‘the most optimistic value’. By using this methodology, the ambiguities involved in the assessment data can be effectively represented and processed to assure a more convincing and effective decision- making process when selecting new technologies in which to invest. The prototype model was validated with a case study within the aviation industry that ensured it was properly configured to meet the

    A Framework for Evaluating Model-Driven Self-adaptive Software Systems

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    In the last few years, Model Driven Development (MDD), Component-based Software Development (CBSD), and context-oriented software have become interesting alternatives for the design and construction of self-adaptive software systems. In general, the ultimate goal of these technologies is to be able to reduce development costs and effort, while improving the modularity, flexibility, adaptability, and reliability of software systems. An analysis of these technologies shows them all to include the principle of the separation of concerns, and their further integration is a key factor to obtaining high-quality and self-adaptable software systems. Each technology identifies different concerns and deals with them separately in order to specify the design of the self-adaptive applications, and, at the same time, support software with adaptability and context-awareness. This research studies the development methodologies that employ the principles of model-driven development in building self-adaptive software systems. To this aim, this article proposes an evaluation framework for analysing and evaluating the features of model-driven approaches and their ability to support software with self-adaptability and dependability in highly dynamic contextual environment. Such evaluation framework can facilitate the software developers on selecting a development methodology that suits their software requirements and reduces the development effort of building self-adaptive software systems. This study highlights the major drawbacks of the propped model-driven approaches in the related works, and emphasise on considering the volatile aspects of self-adaptive software in the analysis, design and implementation phases of the development methodologies. In addition, we argue that the development methodologies should leave the selection of modelling languages and modelling tools to the software developers.Comment: model-driven architecture, COP, AOP, component composition, self-adaptive application, context oriented software developmen

    Selecting SUDS in the Valencia Region of Spain

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    This paper reports on a study of the implementation of sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) in two Spanish towns (Xàtiva and Benaguasil) as part of the EU LIFE+ Project AQUAVAL, which has been conceived to introduce examples of sustainable drainage to the Valencia Region of Spain. Six sites in a range of common urban spaces and land uses are selected and appropriate SUDS techniques proposed by means of a decision-support process. This primarily consisted of the systematic application of key selection criteria through matrices and scores, followed by a brief sustainability analysis. Stakeholders’ preferences and opinions as well as educational and social opportunities are highly considered throughout the process. General monitoring requirements and major limitations in using the methodology are outlined, stressing the need for improvement of four main aspects: local data regarding SUDS performance, detail of the sustainability analysis, support through comprehensive modelling tools, and level of stakeholder engagement. The importance of creating showcases for SUDS in Mediterranean Regions, thus adapting key selection criteria as to foster sustainable drainage understanding and expertise is highlighted

    A requirements framework for novice web developers

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    This paper introduces a requirements framework intended to guide novice web developers. The work is based on two earlier studies which found that the requirements phase is not well served in web development methods and that there is no agreed set of requirements from practitioners as to what they would like to see in a web development method. The requirements framework outlined here is developed by novice practitioners and later evaluated by them as flexible, simple and easy to use

    A knowledge-based decision support system for roofing materials selection and cost estimating: a conceptual framework and data modelling

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    A plethora of materials is available to the modern day house designer but selecting the appropriate material is a complex task. It requires synthesising a multitude of performance criteria such as initial cost, maintenance cost, thermal performance and sustainability among others. This research aims to develop a Knowledge-based Decision support System for Material Selection (KDSMS) that facilitates the selection of optimal material for different sub elements of a roof design. The proposed system also has a facility for estimating roof cost based on the identified criteria. This paper presents the data modelling conceptual framework for the proposed system. The roof sub elements are modelled on the Building Cost Information Service (BCIS) Standard Form of Cost Analysis. This model consists of a knowledge base and a database to store different types of roofing materials with their corresponding performance characteristics and rankings. The system s knowledge is elicited from an extensive review of literature and the use of a domain expert forum. The proposed system employs the multi criteria decision method of TOPSIS (Technique of ranking Preferences by Similarity to the Ideal Solution), to resolve the materials selection and optimisation problem. The KDSMS is currently being developed for the housing sector of Northern Ireland
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