747 research outputs found
Histopathological image analysis : a review
Over the past decade, dramatic increases in computational power and improvement in image analysis algorithms have allowed the development of powerful computer-assisted analytical approaches to radiological data. With the recent advent of whole slide digital scanners, tissue histopathology slides can now be digitized and stored in digital image form. Consequently, digitized tissue histopathology has now become amenable to the application of computerized image analysis and machine learning techniques. Analogous to the role of computer-assisted diagnosis (CAD) algorithms in medical imaging to complement the opinion of a radiologist, CAD algorithms have begun to be developed for disease detection, diagnosis, and prognosis prediction to complement the opinion of the pathologist. In this paper, we review the recent state of the art CAD technology for digitized histopathology. This paper also briefly describes the development and application of novel image analysis technology for a few specific histopathology related problems being pursued in the United States and Europe
Classification of human carcinoma cells using multispectral imagery
In this paper, we present a technique for automatically classifying human carcinoma cell images using textural features. An image dataset containing microscopy biopsy images from different patients for 14 distinct cancer cell line type is studied. The images are captured using a RGB camera attached to an inverted microscopy device. Texture based Gabor features are extracted from multispectral input images. SVM classifier is used to generate a descriptive model for the purpose of cell line classification. The experimental results depict satisfactory performance, and the proposed method is versatile for various microscopy magnification options. © 2016 SPIE
A four-dimensional probabilistic atlas of the human brain
The authors describe the development of a four-dimensional atlas and reference system that includes both macroscopic and microscopic information on structure and function of the human brain in persons between the ages of 18 and 90 years. Given the presumed large but previously unquantified degree of structural and functional variance among normal persons in the human population, the basis for this atlas and reference system is probabilistic. Through the efforts of the International Consortium for Brain Mapping (ICBM), 7,000 subjects will be included in the initial phase of database and atlas development. For each subject, detailed demographic, clinical, behavioral, and imaging information is being collected. In addition, 5,800 subjects will contribute DNA for the purpose of determining genotype-phenotype-behavioral correlations. The process of developing the strategies, algorithms, data collection methods, validation approaches, database structures, and distribution of results is described in this report. Examples of applications of the approach are described for the normal brain in both adults and children as well as in patients with schizophrenia. This project should provide new insights into the relationship between microscopic and macroscopic structure and function in the human brain and should have important implications in basic neuroscience, clinical diagnostics, and cerebral disorders
Deep-Learning for Classification of Colorectal Polyps on Whole-Slide Images
Histopathological characterization of colorectal polyps is an important
principle for determining the risk of colorectal cancer and future rates of
surveillance for patients. This characterization is time-intensive, requires
years of specialized training, and suffers from significant inter-observer and
intra-observer variability. In this work, we built an automatic
image-understanding method that can accurately classify different types of
colorectal polyps in whole-slide histology images to help pathologists with
histopathological characterization and diagnosis of colorectal polyps. The
proposed image-understanding method is based on deep-learning techniques, which
rely on numerous levels of abstraction for data representation and have shown
state-of-the-art results for various image analysis tasks. Our
image-understanding method covers all five polyp types (hyperplastic polyp,
sessile serrated polyp, traditional serrated adenoma, tubular adenoma, and
tubulovillous/villous adenoma) that are included in the US multi-society task
force guidelines for colorectal cancer risk assessment and surveillance, and
encompasses the most common occurrences of colorectal polyps. Our evaluation on
239 independent test samples shows our proposed method can identify the types
of colorectal polyps in whole-slide images with a high efficacy (accuracy:
93.0%, precision: 89.7%, recall: 88.3%, F1 score: 88.8%). The presented method
in this paper can reduce the cognitive burden on pathologists and improve their
accuracy and efficiency in histopathological characterization of colorectal
polyps, and in subsequent risk assessment and follow-up recommendations
Automatic method for the dermatological diagnosis of selected hand skin features in hyperspectral imaging
Introduction: Hyperspectral imaging has been used in dermatology for many years.
The enrichment of hyperspectral imaging with image analysis broadens considerably
the possibility of reproducible, quantitative evaluation of, for example, melanin and
haemoglobin at any location in the patient's skin. The dedicated image analysis
method proposed by the authors enables to automatically perform this type of
measurement.
Material and method: As part of the study, an algorithm for the analysis of
hyperspectral images of healthy human skin acquired with the use of the Specim
camera was proposed. Images were collected from the dorsal side of the hand. The
frequency λ of the data obtained ranged from 397 to 1030 nm. A total of 4'000 2D
images were obtained for 5 hyperspectral images. The method proposed in the
paper uses dedicated image analysis based on human anthropometric data,
mathematical morphology, median filtration, normalization and others. The algorithm
was implemented in Matlab and C programs and is used in practice.
Results: The algorithm of image analysis and processing proposed by the authors
enables segmentation of any region of the hand (fingers, wrist) in a reproducible
manner. In addition, the method allows to quantify the frequency content in
different regions of interest which are determined automatically. Owing to this, it is
possible to perform analyses for melanin in the frequency range λE∈(450,600) nm
and for haemoglobin in the range λH∈(397,500) nm extending into the ultraviolet for
the type of camera used. In these ranges, there are 189 images for melanin and 126
images for haemoglobin. For six areas of the left and right sides of the little finger
(digitus minimus manus), the mean values of melanin and haemoglobin content
were 17% and 15% respectively compared to the pattern.
Conclusions: The obtained results confirmed the usefulness of the proposed new
method of image analysis and processing in dermatology of the hand as it enables
reproducible, quantitative assessment of any fragment of this body part. Each image
in a sequence was analysed in this way in no more than 100 ms using Intel Core i5
CPU M460 @2.5 GHz 4 GB RAM
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