1,006 research outputs found

    Review of Person Re-identification Techniques

    Full text link
    Person re-identification across different surveillance cameras with disjoint fields of view has become one of the most interesting and challenging subjects in the area of intelligent video surveillance. Although several methods have been developed and proposed, certain limitations and unresolved issues remain. In all of the existing re-identification approaches, feature vectors are extracted from segmented still images or video frames. Different similarity or dissimilarity measures have been applied to these vectors. Some methods have used simple constant metrics, whereas others have utilised models to obtain optimised metrics. Some have created models based on local colour or texture information, and others have built models based on the gait of people. In general, the main objective of all these approaches is to achieve a higher-accuracy rate and lowercomputational costs. This study summarises several developments in recent literature and discusses the various available methods used in person re-identification. Specifically, their advantages and disadvantages are mentioned and compared.Comment: Published 201

    Proof-of-Concept

    Get PDF
    Biometry is an area in great expansion and is considered as possible solution to cases where high authentication parameters are required. Although this area is quite advanced in theoretical terms, using it in practical terms still carries some problems. The systems available still depend on a high cooperation level to achieve acceptable performance levels, which was the backdrop to the development of the following project. By studying the state of the art, we propose the creation of a new and less cooperative biometric system that reaches acceptable performance levels.A constante necessidade de parΓ’metros mais elevados de seguranΓ§a, nomeadamente ao nΓ­vel de autenticação, leva ao estudo biometria como possΓ­vel solução. Actualmente os mecanismos existentes nesta Γ‘rea tem por base o conhecimento de algo que se sabe ”password” ou algo que se possui ”codigo Pin”. Contudo este tipo de informação Γ© facilmente corrompida ou contornada. Desta forma a biometria Γ© vista como uma solução mais robusta, pois garante que a autenticação seja feita com base em medidas fΓ­sicas ou compartimentais que definem algo que a pessoa Γ© ou faz (”who you are” ou ”what you do”). Sendo a biometria uma solução bastante promissora na autenticação de indivΓ­duos, Γ© cada vez mais comum o aparecimento de novos sistemas biomΓ©tricos. Estes sistemas recorrem a medidas fΓ­sicas ou comportamentais, de forma a possibilitar uma autenticação (reconhecimento) com um grau de certeza bastante considerΓ‘vel. O reconhecimento com base no movimento do corpo humano (gait), feiçáes da face ou padrΓ΅es estruturais da Γ­ris, sΓ£o alguns exemplos de fontes de informação em que os sistemas actuais se podem basear. Contudo, e apesar de provarem um bom desempenho no papel de agentes de reconhecimento autΓ³nomo, ainda estΓ£o muito dependentes a nΓ­vel de cooperação exigida. Tendo isto em conta, e tudo o que jΓ‘ existe no ramo do reconhecimento biometrico, esta Γ‘rea estΓ‘ a dar passos no sentido de tornar os seus mΓ©todos o menos cooperativos poss??veis. Possibilitando deste modo alargar os seus objectivos para alΓ©m da mera autenticação em ambientes controlados, para casos de vigilΓ’ncia e controlo em ambientes nΓ£o cooperativos (e.g. motins, assaltos, aeroportos). Γ‰ nesta perspectiva que o seguinte projecto surge. AtravΓ©s do estudo do estado da arte, pretende provar que Γ© possΓ­vel criar um sistema capaz de agir perante ambientes menos cooperativos, sendo capaz de detectar e reconhecer uma pessoa que se apresente ao seu alcance.O sistema proposto PAIRS (Periocular and Iris Recognition Systema) tal como nome indica, efectua o reconhecimento atravΓ©s de informação extraΓ­da da Γ­ris e da regiΓ£o periocular (regiΓ£o circundante aos olhos). O sistema Γ© construΓ­do com base em quatro etapas: captura de dados, prΓ©-processamento, extração de caracterΓ­sticas e reconhecimento. Na etapa de captura de dados, foi montado um dispositivo de aquisição de imagens com alta resolução com a capacidade de capturar no espectro NIR (Near-Infra-Red). A captura de imagens neste espectro tem como principal linha de conta, o favorecimento do reconhecimento atravΓ©s da Γ­ris, visto que a captura de imagens sobre o espectro visΓ­vel seria mais sensΓ­vel a variaçáes da luz ambiente. Posteriormente a etapa de prΓ©-processamento implementada, incorpora todos os mΓ³dulos do sistema responsΓ‘veis pela detecção do utilizador, avaliação de qualidade de imagem e segmentação da Γ­ris. O modulo de detecção Γ© responsΓ‘vel pelo desencadear de todo o processo, uma vez que esta Γ© responsΓ‘vel pela verificação da exist?ncia de um pessoa em cena. Verificada a sua exist?ncia, sΓ£o localizadas as regiΓ΅es de interesse correspondentes ? Γ­ris e ao periocular, sendo tambΓ©m verificada a qualidade com que estas foram adquiridas. ConcluΓ­das estas etapas, a Γ­ris do olho esquerdo Γ© segmentada e normalizada. Posteriormente e com base em vΓ‘rios descritores, Γ© extraΓ­da a informação biomΓ©trica das regiΓ΅es de interesse encontradas, e Γ© criado um vector de caracterΓ­sticas biomΓ©tricas. Por fim, Γ© efectuada a comparação dos dados biometricos recolhidos, com os jΓ‘ armazenados na base de dados, possibilitando a criação de uma lista com os nΓ­veis de semelhanΓ§a em termos biometricos, obtendo assim um resposta final do sistema. ConcluΓ­da a implementação do sistema, foi adquirido um conjunto de imagens capturadas atravΓ©s do sistema implementado, com a participação de um grupo de voluntΓ‘rios. Este conjunto de imagens permitiu efectuar alguns testes de desempenho, verificar e afinar alguns parΓ’metros, e proceder a optimização das componentes de extração de caracterΓ­sticas e reconhecimento do sistema. Analisados os resultados foi possΓ­vel provar que o sistema proposto tem a capacidade de exercer as suas funçáes perante condiçáes menos cooperativas

    The Design and Implementation of an Image Segmentation System for Forest Image Analysis

    Get PDF
    The United States Forest Service (USFS) is developing software systems to evaluate forest resources with respect to qualities such as scenic beauty and vegetation structure. Such evaluations usually involve a large amount of human labor. In this thesis, I will discuss the design and implementation of a digital image segmentation system, and how to apply it to analyze forest images so that automated forest resource evaluation can be achieved. The first major contribution of the thesis is the evaluation of various feature design schemes for segmenting forest images. The other major contribution of this thesis is the development of a pattern recognition-based image segmentation algorithm. The best system performance was a 61.4% block classification error rate, achieved by combining color histograms with entropy. This performance is better than that obtained by an ?intelligent? guess based on prior knowledge about the categories under study, which is 68.0%

    Person re-Identification over distributed spaces and time

    Get PDF
    PhDReplicating the human visual system and cognitive abilities that the brain uses to process the information it receives is an area of substantial scientific interest. With the prevalence of video surveillance cameras a portion of this scientific drive has been into providing useful automated counterparts to human operators. A prominent task in visual surveillance is that of matching people between disjoint camera views, or re-identification. This allows operators to locate people of interest, to track people across cameras and can be used as a precursory step to multi-camera activity analysis. However, due to the contrasting conditions between camera views and their effects on the appearance of people re-identification is a non-trivial task. This thesis proposes solutions for reducing the visual ambiguity in observations of people between camera views This thesis first looks at a method for mitigating the effects on the appearance of people under differing lighting conditions between camera views. This thesis builds on work modelling inter-camera illumination based on known pairs of images. A Cumulative Brightness Transfer Function (CBTF) is proposed to estimate the mapping of colour brightness values based on limited training samples. Unlike previous methods that use a mean-based representation for a set of training samples, the cumulative nature of the CBTF retains colour information from underrepresented samples in the training set. Additionally, the bi-directionality of the mapping function is explored to try and maximise re-identification accuracy by ensuring samples are accurately mapped between cameras. Secondly, an extension is proposed to the CBTF framework that addresses the issue of changing lighting conditions within a single camera. As the CBTF requires manually labelled training samples it is limited to static lighting conditions and is less effective if the lighting changes. This Adaptive CBTF (A-CBTF) differs from previous approaches that either do not consider lighting change over time, or rely on camera transition time information to update. By utilising contextual information drawn from the background in each camera view, an estimation of the lighting change within a single camera can be made. This background lighting model allows the mapping of colour information back to the original training conditions and thus remove the need for 3 retraining. Thirdly, a novel reformulation of re-identification as a ranking problem is proposed. Previous methods use a score based on a direct distance measure of set features to form a correct/incorrect match result. Rather than offering an operator a single outcome, the ranking paradigm is to give the operator a ranked list of possible matches and allow them to make the final decision. By utilising a Support Vector Machine (SVM) ranking method, a weighting on the appearance features can be learned that capitalises on the fact that not all image features are equally important to re-identification. Additionally, an Ensemble-RankSVM is proposed to address scalability issues by separating the training samples into smaller subsets and boosting the trained models. Finally, the thesis looks at a practical application of the ranking paradigm in a real world application. The system encompasses both the re-identification stage and the precursory extraction and tracking stages to form an aid for CCTV operators. Segmentation and detection are combined to extract relevant information from the video, while several combinations of matching techniques are combined with temporal priors to form a more comprehensive overall matching criteria. The effectiveness of the proposed approaches is tested on datasets obtained from a variety of challenging environments including offices, apartment buildings, airports and outdoor public spaces
    • …
    corecore