920 research outputs found
CardioCam: Leveraging Camera on Mobile Devices to Verify Users While Their Heart is Pumping
With the increasing prevalence of mobile and IoT devices (e.g., smartphones, tablets, smart-home appliances), massive private and sensitive information are stored on these devices. To prevent unauthorized access on these devices, existing user verification solutions either rely on the complexity of user-defined secrets (e.g., password) or resort to specialized biometric sensors (e.g., fingerprint reader), but the users may still suffer from various attacks, such as password theft, shoulder surfing, smudge, and forged biometrics attacks. In this paper, we propose, CardioCam, a low-cost, general, hard-to-forge user verification system leveraging the unique cardiac biometrics extracted from the readily available built-in cameras in mobile and IoT devices. We demonstrate that the unique cardiac features can be extracted from the cardiac motion patterns in fingertips, by pressing on the built-in camera. To mitigate the impacts of various ambient lighting conditions and human movements under practical scenarios, CardioCam develops a gradient-based technique to optimize the camera configuration, and dynamically selects the most sensitive pixels in a camera frame to extract reliable cardiac motion patterns. Furthermore, the morphological characteristic analysis is deployed to derive user-specific cardiac features, and a feature transformation scheme grounded on Principle Component Analysis (PCA) is developed to enhance the robustness of cardiac biometrics for effective user verification. With the prototyped system, extensive experiments involving 25 subjects are conducted to demonstrate that CardioCam can achieve effective and reliable user verification with over 99% average true positive rate (TPR) while maintaining the false positive rate (FPR) as low as 4%
Digest: A Biometric Authentication Protocol in Wireless Sensor Network
Since the security of biometric information may be threatened by network attacks, presenting individual’s information without a suitable protection is not suitable for authorization. In traditional cryptographic systems, security was done using individual’s password(s) or driving some other data from primary information as secret key(s). However, encryption and decryption algorithms are slow and contain time-consuming operations for transferring data in network. Thus, it is better that we have no need to decrypt an encrypted trait of an enrolled person, and the system can encrypt the user trait with the user’s passwords and then compare the results with the enrolled persons’ encrypted data stored in database. In this chapter, by considering wireless sensor networks and authenticating server, we introduce a new concept called “digest” and deal with its efficiency in dealing with the security problem. A “digest” can be derived from any kind of information trait through which nobody can capture any information of primary biometric traits. We show that this concept leads to the increase of the accuracy and accessibility of a biometric system
Fingerprint template protection using minutia-pair spectral representations
Storage of biometric data requires some form of template protection in order
to preserve the privacy of people enrolled in a biometric database. One
approach is to use a Helper Data System. Here it is necessary to transform the
raw biometric measurement into a fixed-length representation. In this paper we
extend the spectral function approach of Stanko and Skoric [WIFS2017], which
provides such a fixed-length representation for fingerprints. First, we
introduce a new spectral function that captures different information from the
minutia orientations. It is complementary to the original spectral function,
and we use both of them to extract information from a fingerprint image.
Second, we construct a helper data system consisting of zero-leakage
quantisation followed by the Code Offset Method. We show empirical data which
demonstrates that applying our helper data system causes only a small
performance penalty compared to fingerprint authentication based on the
unprotected spectral functions
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