Monte Carlo Method with Heuristic Adjustment for Irregularly Shaped Food Product Volume Measurement

Volume measurement plays an important role in the production and processing of food products. Various methods have been proposed to measure the volume of food products with irregular shapes based on 3D reconstruction. However, 3D reconstruction comes with a high-priced computational cost. Furthermore, some of the volume measurement methods based on 3D reconstruction have a low accuracy. Another method for measuring volume of objects uses Monte Carlo method. Monte Carlo method performs volume measurements using random points. Monte Carlo method only requires information regarding whether random points fall inside or outside an object and does not require a 3D reconstruction. This paper proposes volume measurement using a computer vision system for irregularly shaped food products without 3D reconstruction based on Monte Carlo method with heuristic adjustment. Five images of food product were captured using five cameras and processed to produce binary images. Monte Carlo integration with heuristic adjustment was performed to measure the volume based on the information extracted from binary images. The experimental results show that the proposed method provided high accuracy and precision compared to the water displacement method. In addition, the proposed method is more accurate and faster than the space carving method

IPTV Service Framework Based on Secure Authentication and Lightweight Content Encryption for Screen-Migration in Cloud Computing

These days, the advancing of smart devices (e.g. smart phones, tablets, PC, etc.) capabilities and the increase of internet bandwidth enables IPTV service provider to extend their services to smart mobile devices. User can just receive their IPTV service using any smart devices by accessing the internet via wireless network from anywhere anytime in the world which is convenience for users. However, wireless network communication has well a known critical security threats and vulnerabilities to user smart devices and IPTV service such as user identity theft, reply attack, MIM attack, and so forth. A secure authentication for user devices and multimedia protection mechanism is necessary to protect both user devices and IPTV services. As result, we proposed framework of IPTV service based on secure authentication mechanism and lightweight content encryption method for screen-migration in Cloud computing. We used cryptographic nonce combined with user ID and password to authenticate user device in any mobile terminal they passes by. In addition we used Lightweight content encryption to protect and reduce the content decode overload at mobile terminals. Our proposed authentication mechanism reduces the computational processing by 30% comparing to other authentication mechanism and our lightweight content encryption reduces encryption delay to 0.259 second

Password-based group key exchange in a constant number of rounds

Abstract. With the development of grids, distributed applications are spread across multiple computing resources and require efficient security mechanisms among the processes. Although protocols for authenticated group Diffie-Hellman key exchange protocols seem to be the natural mechanisms for supporting these applications, current solutions are either limited by the use of public key infrastructures or by their scalability, requiring a number of rounds linear in the number of group members. To overcome these shortcomings, we propose in this paper the first provably-secure password-based constant-round group key exchange protocol. It is based on the protocol of Burmester and Desmedt and is provably-secure in the random-oracle and ideal-cipher models, under the Decisional Diffie-Hellman assumption. The new protocol is very efficient and fully scalable since it only requires four rounds of communication and four multi-exponentiations per user. Moreover, the new protocol avoids intricate authentication infrastructures by relying on passwords for authentication.

A Novel Hybrid Authentication Model for Geo Location Oriented Routing in Dynamic Wireless Mesh Networks

Authentication is an essential part of any network and plays a pivotal role in ensuring the security of a network by preventing unauthorised devices/users access to the network. As dynamic wireless mesh networks are evolving and being accepted in various fields, there is a strong need to improve the security of the network. It’s features like self-organizing and self-healing make it great but get undermined when rigid authentication schemes are used. We propose a hybrid authentication scheme for such dynamic mesh networks under three specified scenarios; full authentication, quick authentication and new node authentication. The proposed schemes are applied on our previous works on dynamic mesh routing protocol, Geo location Oriented Routing Protocol (GLOR Simulation results show our proposed scheme is efficient in terms of resource utilization as well as defending against security threats

Channel Scanning and Access Point Selection Mechanisms for 802.11 Handoff: A Survey

While the cellular technology has been evolving continuously in recent years and client handoffs remain unnoticed, the 802.11 networks still impose an enormous latency issue once the client device decides to roam between the Access Point (AP). This latency is caused by many factors reckoning on scanning the channels and searching for APs with better signal strength. Once data from all the nearby APs has been collected, the client picks the most suitable AP and tries to connect with it. The AP verifies if it has enough capability to serve the client. It also ensures that the client has the required parameters and supported rates to match with the AP. The AP then processes this request, generates a new Association ID and sends it back to the client, thereby granting access to connect. Throughout this re-association process, the client fails to receive or send any data frames and experiences a lag between leaving the old and associating with a new AP. Originally, 802.11 authentication frames were designed for Wired Equivalent Privacy protocol, but later it was found to be insecure and thus got depreciated. Keeping these security aspects concerning shared key authentication in mind, few additional drafts were introduced by IEEE that concerned many key exchanges between the devices. IEEE 802.11r was introduced in 2008 that permits wireless clients to perform faster handoff along with additional data security standards. The key exchange method was redefined and also the new security negotiation protocol started serving wireless devices with a better approach. This enables a client to set up the Quality of Service state and security on an alternative AP before making a transition which ends up in minimal connectivity losses. Although this was an excellent step towards minimizing the service disruption and channel scanning, failure to remain connected with consecutive suitable APs within the minimum time continued to be a challenge. Different manufacturers use their custom-built methodology of handling a client handoff and hence the latency costs differ based on the type of handoff scheme deployed on the device. This thesis focuses on the foremost economical researches throughout recent years which targets minimizing the delays involved with channel scanning and AP selection. A wide sort of enhancements, whether it is on a client device or the AP, has been discussed and compared. Some modifications are associated with enhancing channel scan period or using beacons, and probe requests/responses in an efficient manner. Others concentrate on modifying the device hardware configuration and switching between Network Interfaces. Central controllers are a solution to handoff delays that may track the status of each device within the network and guide them to provide the appropriate Quality of Service to the end-users

An Outline of Security in Wireless Sensor Networks: Threats, Countermeasures and Implementations

With the expansion of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the need for securing the data flow through these networks is increasing. These sensor networks allow for easy-to-apply and flexible installations which have enabled them to be used for numerous applications. Due to these properties, they face distinct information security threats. Security of the data flowing through across networks provides the researchers with an interesting and intriguing potential for research. Design of these networks to ensure the protection of data faces the constraints of limited power and processing resources. We provide the basics of wireless sensor network security to help the researchers and engineers in better understanding of this applications field. In this chapter, we will provide the basics of information security with special emphasis on WSNs. The chapter will also give an overview of the information security requirements in these networks. Threats to the security of data in WSNs and some of their counter measures are also presented