Securing the net-the fruits of incompetence

This paper reviews the most popular mathematical primitives that are used in current attempts to build secure networks. It sketches a possible security application on the Internet, and shows some of the basic concepts and set the stage for the mathematical primitives that are presented. The factoring and discrete logarithm problems are considered. No attempts are made to formalize notions such as “infeasible”, “hard” or “efficient&rdqu

Armed violence and poverty in Nairobi: a mini case study for the Armed Violence and Poverty Initiative

YesThis report on Nairobi is one of 13 case studies (all of the case studies are available at www.bradford.ac.uk/cics). This research draws upon secondary data sources including existing research studies, reports and evaluations. The analysis and opinions expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views or policy of DFID or the UK government

The Rhodesian economy under sanctions

An analysis of the effects of sanctions, or lack thereof, of internationally imposed sanctions on the minority government of Rhodesia, circa. 1960's.Economic sanctions against Rhodesia have failed. Not only have they failed to achieve their political objective of bringing about the collapse of the existing Government, but they have also failed to depress economic activity to the extent that was intended. After 12 months of voluntary sanctions followed by eight months of mandatory United Nations sanctions there are signs that the economy—far from wilting under the pressure—is beginning to grow once again. It would appear that the worst is past

One and Inseparable: The Union and Deliberative Conduct in Webster\u27s Reply to Hayne.

In Daniel Webster\u27s view, the survival of the Union required not only an orator who could defend the Constitution as he did against Robert Hayne, but one who could embody the spirit of the constitution in deliberative performance. Webster uses his performance in debate not only to assail his opponent, defend New England, and expound on the Constitution, but further to demonstrate with his own oratory the abiding value of decorum, prudence, and eloquence in the national life. Webster becomes the ideal of deliberative performance as he contrasts his own conduct in debate with that of his Southern opponent. Webster’s speech is inspired by the need to manage preservation of the Union not only with a Constitutional theory, but also with a paradigm of public action

FARM-AGRIBUSINESS LINKAGES IN SOUTH AFRICA: EMPOWERING DISADVANTAGED COMMUNITIES THROUGH LINKS WITH AGRIBUSINESS

Agribusiness, Community/Rural/Urban Development,

Natural resources conservation management and strategies in agriculture

This paper suggests a holistic framework for assessment and improvement of management strategies for conservation of natural resources in agriculture. First, it incorporates an interdisciplinary approach (combining Economics, Organization, Law, Sociology, Ecology, Technology, Behavioral and Political Sciences) and presents a modern framework for assessing environmental management and strategies in agriculture including: specification of specific “managerial needs” and spectrum of feasible governance modes (institutional environment; private, collective, market, and public modes) of natural resources conservation at different level of decision-making (individual, farm, eco-system, local, regional, national, transnational, and global); specification of critical socio-economic, natural, technological, behavioral etc. factors of managerial choice, and feasible spectrum of (private, collective, public, international) managerial strategies; assessment of efficiency of diverse management strategies in terms of their potential to protect diverse eco-rights and investments, assure socially desirable level of environmental protection and improvement, minimize overall (implementing, third-party, transaction etc.) costs, coordinate and stimulate eco-activities, meet preferences and reconcile conflicts of individuals etc. Second, it presents evolution and assesses the efficiency of diverse management forms and strategies for conservation of natural resources in Bulgarian agriculture during post-communist transformation and EU integration (institutional, market, private, and public), and evaluates the impacts of EU CAP on environmental sustainability of farms of different juridical type, size, specialization and location. Finally, it suggests recommendations for improvement of public policies, strategies and modes of intervention, and private and collective strategies and actions for effective environmental protection

Property and Empire: The Law of Imperialism in Johnson v. M’Intosh

Chief Justice\u27s Marshall\u27s opinion in Johnson v. M\u27Intosh, 21 U.S. (8 Wheat.)543 (1823) has long been a puzzle, both in its doctrinal structure and in long, strange dicta which are both triumphal and elegiac. In this Essay, I show that the opinion becomes newly intelligible when read in the context of the law and theory of colonialism, concerned, like the case itself, with the expropriation of continents and relations between dominant and subject peoples. I examine several instances where the seeming incoherence of the opinion instead shows its debt to imperial jurisprudence, which rested on a distinction between two bodies of law: one governing relations between civilized nations, the other relations between civilized governments and the imperfect sovereigns of other nations. I then show how Marshall\u27s long dicta reflect the then-prevalent view of the hsitorical progress of societies from hunter-gatherer to commercial orders, with each stage corresponding to a particular set of property institutions.This historical theory lent intelligibility to the legal distinctions between civilized and lesser or imperfect sovereigns by claiming that the latter occupied earlier stages of development and that civilized nations were legally permitted to overrride the property institutions of primitive societies in order to induce progress. The dicta, then, provide the frame for the reasoning of this case, just as the theory of historical progress framed the jurisprudence of colonialisn in general

The Incompetent Spouse\u27s Election: A Pecuniary Approach

Although many state legislatures have preserved the incompetent widow\u27s right of election, these states have developed only general guidelines to govern such an election. These guidelines merely direct the court to act in the best interests of the incompetent widow. Courts of the various jurisdictions differ in their approach to determining the best interests of the incompetent. Most courts examine all surrounding circumstances regarding the incompetent widow\u27s situation, such as the intent of both the wife prior to her incompetency and of the testator, and the adequacy of the will\u27s provision for the incompetent widow. A minority of jurisdictions, however, rely almost exclusively on a monetary determination of whether the will or the statutory provision gives the incompetent widow the larger share of the estate. Because incompetency in a probate setting often arises due to advanced age or accompanying senility, the difficulties posed by the incompetent widow\u27s election are likely to arise with increasing frequency as medical advances continue to extend the human lifespan. This development increases the need for an effective and fair means of disposing of such cases in a manner consistent with the policies underlying the incompetent\u27s statutory right of election. This Note argues that the minority, or pecuniary, approach provides such a solution. Part I provides a general description of the majority and pecuniary approaches. Part II discusses the reasons supporting a preference for the pecuniary approach, and Part III suggests some refinements of the pecuniary approach that will lead to fairer results and to greater internal consistency

Present trends of retail chain grocery stores: a study of their growth and development

Thesis (M.B.A.)--Boston Universit