Security Weaknesses of Song's Advanced Smart Card Based Password Authentication Protocol

[[abstract]]Password based authentication with smart cards has been adopted as a more secure means in insecure networks to validate the legitimacy of users. Traditional authentication schemes are based on the tamper-resistant smart card; that is, the data stored in the smart card cannot be revealed. However, it is a challenging problem for considering non-tamper-resistant smart cards used in user authentication. Very recently, in 2010, Song proposed an efficient authentication scheme with such non-tamper resistant smart cards based on symmetric key cryptosystems as well as modular exponentiations. In this paper, we will show that Song's scheme is vulnerable to the offline password guessing attack and the insider attack. Besides, this scheme does not provide perfect forward secrecy and does not preserve user anonymity.[[conferencetype]]國際[[conferencelocation]]Shanghai, Chin

Robust Smart Card based Password Authentication Scheme against Smart Card Security Breach

As the most prevailing two-factor authentication mechanism, smart card based password authentication has been a subject of intensive research in the past decade and hundreds of this type of schemes have been proposed. However, most of them were found severely flawed, especially prone to the smart card loss problem, shortly after they were first put forward, no matter the security is heuristically analyzed or formally proved. In SEC\u2712, Wang pointed out that, the main cause of this issue is attributed to the lack of an appropriate security model to fully identify the practical threats. To address the issue, Wang presented three kinds of security models, namely Type I, II and III, and further proposed four concrete schemes, only two of which, i.e. PSCAV and PSCAb, are claimed to be secure under the harshest model, i.e. Type III security model. However, in this paper, we demonstrate that PSCAV still cannot achieve the claimed security goals and is vulnerable to an offline password guessing attack and other attacks in the Type III security mode, while PSCAb has several practical pitfalls. As our main contribution, a robust scheme is presented to cope with the aforementioned defects and it is proven to be secure in the random oracle model. Moreover, the analysis demonstrates that our scheme meets all the proposed criteria and eliminates several hard security threats that are difficult to be tackled at the same time in previous scholarship

Cryptanalysis and Further Improvement of a Dynamic ID and Smart Card based Remote user Authentication Scheme

Computer systems and their interconnections using networks have im-proved the dependence of both the organizations as well as the individuals on the stored information. This interconnection, in turn, has led to a heightened awareness of the need for data security and the protection of data and re- sources from electronic frauds, electronic eavesdropping, and networkbased attacks. Consequently, cryptography and network security have evolved, leading to the development of smart cards to enforce network security. Re-cently, Rafael Martinez-Pelez and Rico- Novella Francisco [1] pointed out vul-nerabilities in Wang et al. [2] scheme. In this paper, we cryptanalyze Wanget al. scheme and demonstrated that our proposed scheme withstands thevulnerabilities pointed out by Francisco et al. and it completes all the re-cent security requirements of [3]. We implemented the proposed scheme in MATLAB and demonstrated that our proposed scheme is not vulnerable to the shortcomings pointed out by Francisco et al. in their scheme

An authentic-based privacy preservation protocol for smart e-healthcare systems in iot

© 2013 IEEE. Emerging technologies rapidly change the essential qualities of modern societies in terms of smart environments. To utilize the surrounding environment data, tiny sensing devices and smart gateways are highly involved. It has been used to collect and analyze the real-time data remotely in all Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). Since the IIoT environment gathers and transmits the data over insecure public networks, a promising solution known as authentication and key agreement (AKA) is preferred to prevent illegal access. In the medical industry, the Internet of Medical Things (IoM) has become an expert application system. It is used to gather and analyze the physiological parameters of patients. To practically examine the medical sensor-nodes, which are imbedded in the patient\u27s body. It would in turn sense the patient medical information using smart portable devices. Since the patient information is so sensitive to reveal other than a medical professional, the security protection and privacy of medical data are becoming a challenging issue of the IoM. Thus, an anonymity-based user authentication protocol is preferred to resolve the privacy preservation issues in the IoM. In this paper, a Secure and Anonymous Biometric Based User Authentication Scheme (SAB-UAS) is proposed to ensure secure communication in healthcare applications. This paper also proves that an adversary cannot impersonate as a legitimate user to illegally access or revoke the smart handheld card. A formal analysis based on the random-oracle model and resource analysis is provided to show security and resource efficiencies in medical application systems. In addition, the proposed scheme takes a part of the performance analysis to show that it has high-security features to build smart healthcare application systems in the IoM. To this end, experimental analysis has been conducted for the analysis of network parameters using NS3 simulator. The collected results have shown superiority in terms of the packet delivery ratio, end-to-end delay, throughput rates, and routing overhead for the proposed SAB-UAS in comparison to other existing protocols

Strong Electronic Identification: Survey & Scenario Planning

The deployment of more high-risk services such as online banking and government services on the Internet has meant that the need and demand for strong electronic identity is bigger today more than ever. Different stakeholders have different reasons for moving their services to the Internet, including cost savings, being closer to the customer or citizen, increasing volume and value of services among others. This means that traditional online identification schemes based on self-asserted identities are no longer sufficient to cope with the required level of assurance demanded by these services. Therefore, strong electronic identification methods that utilize identifiers rooted in real world identities must be provided to be used by customers and citizens alike on the Internet. This thesis focuses on studying state-of-the-art methods for providing reliable and mass market strong electronic identity in the world today. It looks at concrete real-world examples that enable real world identities to be transferred and used in the virtual world of the Internet. The thesis identifies crucial factors that determine what constitutes a strong electronic identity solution and through these factors evaluates and compares the example solutions surveyed in the thesis. As the Internet become more pervasive in our lives; mobile devices are becoming the primary devices for communication and accessing Internet services. This has thus, raised the question of what sort of strong electronic identity solutions could be implemented and how such solutions could adapt to the future. To help to understand the possible alternate futures, a scenario planning and analysis method was used to develop a series of scenarios from underlying key economic, political, technological and social trends and uncertainties. The resulting three future scenarios indicate how the future of strong electronic identity will shape up with the aim of helping stakeholders contemplate the future and develop policies and strategies to better position themselves for the future

Strong Electronic Identification: Survey & Scenario Planning

The deployment of more high-risk services such as online banking and government services on the Internet has meant that the need and demand for strong electronic identity is bigger today more than ever. Different stakeholders have different reasons for moving their services to the Internet, including cost savings, being closer to the customer or citizen, increasing volume and value of services among others. This means that traditional online identification schemes based on self-asserted identities are no longer sufficient to cope with the required level of assurance demanded by these services. Therefore, strong electronic identification methods that utilize identifiers rooted in real world identities must be provided to be used by customers and citizens alike on the Internet. This thesis focuses on studying state-of-the-art methods for providing reliable and mass market strong electronic identity in the world today. It looks at concrete real-world examples that enable real world identities to be transferred and used in the virtual world of the Internet. The thesis identifies crucial factors that determine what constitutes a strong electronic identity solution and through these factors evaluates and compares the example solutions surveyed in the thesis. As the Internet become more pervasive in our lives; mobile devices are becoming the primary devices for communication and accessing Internet services. This has thus, raised the question of what sort of strong electronic identity solutions could be implemented and how such solutions could adapt to the future. To help to understand the possible alternate futures, a scenario planning and analysis method was used to develop a series of scenarios from underlying key economic, political, technological and social trends and uncertainties. The resulting three future scenarios indicate how the future of strong electronic identity will shape up with the aim of helping stakeholders contemplate the future and develop policies and strategies to better position themselves for the future

Security Analysis of ECC Based Protocols

Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) is extensively used in various multifactor authentication protocols. In this work, various recent ECC based authentication and key exchange protocols are subjected to threat modeling and static analysis to detect vulnerabilities, and to enhance them to be more secure against threats. This work demonstrates how currently used ECC based protocols are vulnerable to attacks. If protocols are vulnerable, damages could include critical data loss and elevated privacy concerns. The protocols considered in thiswork differ in their usage of security factors (e.g. passwords, pins, and biometrics), encryption and timestamps. The threatmodel considers various kinds of attacks including denial of service, man in the middle, weak authentication and SQL injection. Countermeasures to reduce or prevent such attacks are suggested. Beyond cryptanalysis of current schemes and proposal of new schemes, the proposed adversary model and criteria set forth provide a benchmark for the systematic evaluation of future two-factor authentication proposals

Extending Secure Execution Environments Beyond the TPM

This project discusses some of the shortcomings and limitations of secure execution with the current state of the Trusted Computing Group (TCG) specifications. Though we feel that the various industry initiatives taken by the TCG and CPU manufacturers for hardware based platform security are a step in the right direction, the problem of secure isolated code execution and TCB minimization still remains unsolved. This project proposes and implements an alternative architecture for secure code execution. Rather than proposing recommendations for hardware changes or building isolated execution environments inside a Trusted Platform Module (TPM), we use a platform that provides related, yet different services for secure / trusted code execution; couple its functionality and bind it to a TPM using cryptographic primitives. For the purpose of this study we used multi-application programmable SmartCards but similar work can also be implemented on other platforms as long as they meet some pre-requisites described in his report. Though newer hardware platforms such as IntelTXT (Trusted Execution Technology; formerly known as LaGrande) or AMD-V add support for native virtualization and secure interfacing with the TPM, the solution implemented in this project assumes a highly un-trusted environment and works on general purpose commodity hardware. Implementing a solution like this allows application developers to focus exclusively on the functionality and security of just their own code. Hence enabling them to execute their applications in isolation from numerous shortcomings and vulnerabilities that exist both in the form of hardware and software attacks. Furthermore we provide an interface to extend the existing functionality of the TPM by implementing special purpose code modules inside a smart card which can be used for all the functionalities missing in the TPM (for example replace-able cryptographic algorithms) yet required by high assurance and security sensitive applications. Furthermore by making small application closures running inside the secure execution environment of smart cards, we can minimize the TCB that a user needs to trust. We first discuss the challenges we face in the coupling process and the platform differences between the TPM and a Smart Card. We also discuss what solutions are possible and impossible in this scenario. Then we describe our implementation of a secure TPM / Smart Card cryptographic binding that gives us assurances of strong authentication with confidentiality and integrity services for the applications built with the coupled architecture. We move forward to describe our implementations of some of the enhanced TPM / Smart Card coupled services that were not possible with either a TPM or Smart Card alone and we discuss how these enhanced services add value to the current applications. With these enhanced TPM services we implement some applications that change the way conventional TPM or Smart Card applications are perceived. Finally we shed some light on potential future applications and future work