Secure connectivity model in wireless sensor networks (WSN) using first order Reed-Muller codes

In this paper, we suggest the idea of separately treating the connectivity and communication model of a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). We then propose a novel connectivity model for a WSN using first order Reed-Muller Codes. While the model has a hierarchical structure, we have shown that it works equally well for a Distributed WSN. Though one can use any communication model, we prefer to use the communication model suggested by Ruj and Roy [1] for all computations and results in our work. Two suitable secure (symmetric) cryptosystems can then be applied for the two different models, connectivity and communication respectively. By doing so we have shown how resiliency and scalability are appreciably improved as compared to Ruj and Roy [1].<br /

Secure Connectivity Model In Wireless Sensor Network(WSN) Using 1st Order Reed Muller Codes

In this paper, we suggest the idea of separately treating the connectivity and communication model of a Wireless Sensor Network(WSN). We then propose a novel connectivity model for a WSN using first order Reed-Muller Codes. While the model has a hierarchical structure, we have shown it works equally well for Distributed WSN. Though one can use any communication model, we prefer to use communication model suggested by Ruj and Roy [1] for all computations and results in our work. One might use two suitable secure (symmetric) cryptosystems on the two different models viz. connectivity and communication. By doing so we have shown how resiliency and scalability are appreciably improved as compared to Ruj and Roy [1]

Coding Theory For Security And Reliability In Wireless Networks

Wireless networks hold many applications and are an integral part of our lives. Security and reliability are extremely important in wireless networks. These networks must be reliable so that data can be conveyed from transmitters to receivers. Data sent across wireless networks must be kept confidential from unintended users and it is necessary that false packets generated by illegitimate users are rejected by the receiver. Another important task is for the network to determine which network components can be trusted and to what degree. The work presented in this dissertation addresses the security and reliability issues in wireless networks through the use of coding theory. The network is composed of numerous nodes and we consider a classical point to point communication problem. We explore the network reliability issue and develop two algorithms (exponential and polynomial time) which determine minimum redundancy and optimal symbol allocation to assure that the probability of successful decoding is greater than or equal to a specified threshold. The performance of the algorithms is compared with each other, and MDS, LT, and Raptor codes are compared using the exponential algorithm. We also consider the security problem of keeping a message confidential from an illegitimate eavesdropper in a multiple path network. Carefully crafted Raptor codes are shown to asymptotically achieve perfect secrecy and zero-error probability, and a bit allocation method across the paths is developed. Lastly, we look into the problem of determining the integrity of nodes in the network. In particular, we show how the malicious nodes can be localized in the network through the use of ReedMuller codes. The Reed-Muller codes represent the paths that are necessary in the network. For the case where a path is not realizable according to the network connectivity matrix, we conceived an algorithm to treat the non-realizable paths as erasures and decode to localize malicious nodes. The performance of the algorithm is compared to several techniques

Cellular, Wide-Area, and Non-Terrestrial IoT: A Survey on 5G Advances and the Road Towards 6G

The next wave of wireless technologies is proliferating in connecting things among themselves as well as to humans. In the era of the Internet of things (IoT), billions of sensors, machines, vehicles, drones, and robots will be connected, making the world around us smarter. The IoT will encompass devices that must wirelessly communicate a diverse set of data gathered from the environment for myriad new applications. The ultimate goal is to extract insights from this data and develop solutions that improve quality of life and generate new revenue. Providing large-scale, long-lasting, reliable, and near real-time connectivity is the major challenge in enabling a smart connected world. This paper provides a comprehensive survey on existing and emerging communication solutions for serving IoT applications in the context of cellular, wide-area, as well as non-terrestrial networks. Specifically, wireless technology enhancements for providing IoT access in fifth-generation (5G) and beyond cellular networks, and communication networks over the unlicensed spectrum are presented. Aligned with the main key performance indicators of 5G and beyond 5G networks, we investigate solutions and standards that enable energy efficiency, reliability, low latency, and scalability (connection density) of current and future IoT networks. The solutions include grant-free access and channel coding for short-packet communications, non-orthogonal multiple access, and on-device intelligence. Further, a vision of new paradigm shifts in communication networks in the 2030s is provided, and the integration of the associated new technologies like artificial intelligence, non-terrestrial networks, and new spectra is elaborated. Finally, future research directions toward beyond 5G IoT networks are pointed out.Comment: Submitted for review to IEEE CS&

A comprehensive survey on hybrid communication in context of molecular communication and terahertz communication for body-centric nanonetworks

With the huge advancement of nanotechnology over the past years, the devices are shrinking into micro-scale, even nano-scale. Additionally, the Internet of nano-things (IoNTs) are generally regarded as the ultimate formation of the current sensor networks and the development of nanonetworks would be of great help to its fulfilment, which would be ubiquitous with numerous applications in all domains of life. However, the communication between the devices in such nanonetworks is still an open problem. Body-centric nanonetworks are believed to play an essential role in the practical application of IoNTs. BCNNs are also considered as domain specific like wireless sensor networks and always deployed on purpose to support a particular application. In these networks, electromagnetic and molecular communications are widely considered as two main promising paradigms and both follow their own development process. In this survey, the recent developments of these two paradigms are first illustrated in the aspects of applications, network structures, modulation techniques, coding techniques and security to then investigate the potential of hybrid communication paradigms. Meanwhile, the enabling technologies have been presented to apprehend the state-of-art with the discussion on the possibility of the hybrid technologies. Additionally, the inter-connectivity of electromagnetic and molecular body-centric nanonetworks is discussed. Afterwards, the related security issues of the proposed networks are discussed. Finally, the challenges and open research directions are presented

Enabling and Understanding Failure of Engineering Structures Using the Technique of Cohesive Elements

In this paper, we describe a cohesive zone model for the prediction of failure of engineering solids and/or structures. A damage evolution law is incorporated into a three-dimensional, exponential cohesive law to account for material degradation under the influence of cyclic loading. This cohesive zone model is implemented in the finite element software ABAQUS through a user defined subroutine. The irreversibility of the cohesive zone model is first verified and subsequently applied for studying cyclic crack growth in specimens experiencing different modes of fracture and/or failure. The crack growth behavior to include both crack initiation and crack propagation becomes a natural outcome of the numerical simulation. Numerical examples suggest that the irreversible cohesive zone model can serve as an efficient tool to predict fatigue crack growth. Key issues such as crack path deviation, convergence and mesh dependency are also discussed

Recent Advances in Wireless Communications and Networks

This book focuses on the current hottest issues from the lowest layers to the upper layers of wireless communication networks and provides "real-time" research progress on these issues. The authors have made every effort to systematically organize the information on these topics to make it easily accessible to readers of any level. This book also maintains the balance between current research results and their theoretical support. In this book, a variety of novel techniques in wireless communications and networks are investigated. The authors attempt to present these topics in detail. Insightful and reader-friendly descriptions are presented to nourish readers of any level, from practicing and knowledgeable communication engineers to beginning or professional researchers. All interested readers can easily find noteworthy materials in much greater detail than in previous publications and in the references cited in these chapters