6 research outputs found

    BINTAN’S SLUDGE OIL POLLUTION IN CONSTRUTIVISM PERSPECTIVE

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    This paper discussed the environment phenomena in Bintan in extent to International Relation analysis. Environmental threat in the naval of Bintan is understood as waste pollution; Sludge Oil. The Sludge Oil is petroleum dregs in metal form which in this paper many of international vessels being lob in area of Singapore’ strait. Yet, the sludge oil waste pollution in Bintan has been occurred for more than one decade. Conductive respond has been done by the government of Bintan, Indonesian Police of Maritime Force and Coast guard. Perception build of the threat of sludge oil in the society, media, and the government of Bintan are supplementary to the aspect of economy and sea neatness. Local and national media build the issue by look its threat of tourism and fishery economical potency in the island of Bintan. However, the unseen prevention of this action is the utilization of international environmental forums – to extend the issue can be constructed as common threat and involve others international actors. Constructing a discourse and international agenda elucidate through the International Relation studies. Constructivism approach in the midst of securitizing theory and diplomacy are about to be the core theory of this paper. Those approaches explicate how the naval waste threat is in the scope of International Relation analysis and provide some resolution through diplomacy patterns of a country. Fulfillment of national interest is conceptually focused on state sovereignty. Here, Government of Bintan and Government of Indonesia ideally to be focal actor to minimize the cost of Sludge Oil disadvantages to the economy and agitate the social and welfare of the people. In addition this paper will seek the sovereignty aspect throughout the Local and Central Government respond. Nevertheless, others matters of the discussion will be elucidate comprehensively thus the solution of Sludge oil waste usage can be applied practically. Sludge Oil waste usage throughout diplomatic strategy to minimize environment threat is an international security phenomena. International security in contemporary International Relation studies is not limited in the aspect of military. The environmental threat can be constructed and build as international security matters through a constructing issue process. Generally, this paper explicates the construction issue which caused Indonesia to assign the issue as global threat. The research being done by literature studies along with analytical description. Communal information used in this paper linked to International Relation issues based on primary and secondary figures.    Keywords: Sludge Oil, International Relation, Environment, Constructivism, Securitizing, and Diplomacy

    Getting the Message Across: Examining Malaysia’s Covid-19 Public Service Announcement (PSA) Infographics

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    The current COVID-19 pandemic has become an unprecedented public health crisis and there is much ongoing research investigating its wide-ranging impacts on all areas of society and people's everyday lives. This article presents preliminary findings of an ongoing study that inquires into Malaysia's COVID-19 public service announcement (PSA) infographics and how they convey much-needed information to the general public during the pandemic period. Drawing upon research on infographics in healthcare and health risk communication, the article examines COVID-19 PSA infographics that have been produced in Malaysia and the ways they achieve what they are designed to do. The findings show that the infographics 1) are numerous and mostly presented in the informational and process-based types, 2) cover various topics related to the information on the novel virus, its risks, and recommended preventive and control measures, 3) possess key components of infographic and (4) adopt a three-way process of engaging the target audience. The findings also reveal several key points worth considering in thinking about the infographics, including whether they communicate the right message to the right audience at the right time and whether they are designed according to the principles of message design in health risk communication

    Holistic Policy Model for Normalization Efforts The Citarum River

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    This research can be classified on the type of descriptive study using survey method, which is seeking data from research sites related to the aspects to be studied. Aspects of the role of social institutions, including the excavation of reference / guidelines in the community: act to meet all the necessities of life; maintaining the integrity of disintegration; and held a social control system. The process of strengthening social institutions are expected through the implementation of an organized pattern of social relations in the community, including: enculturation; socialization; instutionalisasi and internalization. Further aspects of the strengthening of the economic system, the point is empowerment (empowerment). Members of the public can actualize themselves in the management of the surrounding environment and can meet their needs independently without dependence on others. The final result of the strengthening of the economic system is the participation of thecommunity created the overall sustainability of the lives of an environmentally friendly manner. Strategic step taken is to give special attention to improving the economy, through the expansion of community access to development resources to create opportunities to participate in the development process to be able to cope with the conditions of underdevelopment and strengthen the competitive position of its economy. The research plan is divided into two (2) phases, namely social mapping to identify the socio‐economic institutions that live in the local community. The second phase, strengthening socio‐economic institutions in accordance with the conditions and characteristics of the people both as subject and object of development is environmentally friendly. The results are expected to provide input to economic strengthening of social institutions more focused and in accordance with the conditions and characteristics of the portrait of his people as one of the basic input in formulating a holistic model of environmental policy for the Citarum River normalization efforts. Keywords: Environmental Policy, Social Institution Strengthening Economic, Citarum River Normalizatio

    The role of airports in national civil aviation policies

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    The concept of a hub airport has evolved widening its scope as a national civil aviation policy-making tool, due to the ability to deliver wider socio-economic benefits to a country. However, not all airports can be converted into hubs. This research proposes a methodological approach to structural analysis of the airport industry, that could be applied to determine the competitive position of an airport in a given aviation network and devise airport strategies and national policy measures to improve the current position of the airport. This study presents a twelve-group taxonomy of airports, which analyses the changing geography of the airport industry in the East (Asia and The Middle East). Multivariate data have been used in a two-step Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering exercise which represents three airport strategies: namely, degree-of-airport-activity (size and intensity of operations), network strategies (international and domestic hub), and the market segmentation strategies (service and destination orientation). Principal Component Analysis has been utilised as a data reduction tool. The study confirms the general hypothesis that a sound macro environment and liberalised approach to economic regulation in the air transport industry are important for successful hub operations. In addition, it sheds light on the fact that while the factors of geographical advantage, economic development, urbanisation, tourism and business attractiveness, physical and intellectual infrastructure, and political and administrative frameworks, are all basic prerequisites (qualifiers) for successful hubbing in the region, those factors would not necessarily guarantee a hub status unless the governments are also committed to develop the sector and take timely decisions (differentiators) to allow airports to benefit from the first mover advantage. Application of the proposed taxonomy was tested on a case study of the major international airport of Sri Lanka, to provide policy inputs to develop the airport that is currently identified as being overshadowed by the mega hubs in the region

    Renforcement formel et automatique de politiques de sécurité dans des applications Android par réécriture

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    Autant les applications Android ont rĂ©ussi Ă  positionner Android parmi les systĂšmes d'exploitation les plus utilisĂ©s, autant elles ont facilitĂ© aux crĂ©ateurs de maliciels de s'introduire et de compromettre ses appareils. Une longue liste de menaces causĂ©es par les applications tĂ©lĂ©chargĂ©es vise l'intĂ©gritĂ© du systĂšme et la vie privĂ©e de ses utilisateurs. MalgrĂ© l'Ă©volution incessante du systĂšme Android pour amĂ©liorer son mĂ©canisme de sĂ©curitĂ©, le niveau de sophistication des logiciels malveillants a augmentĂ© et s'adapte continuellement avec les nouvelles mesures. L'une des principales faiblesses menaçant la sĂ©curitĂ© de ce systĂšme est le manque abyssal d'outils et d'environnements permettant la spĂ©cification et la vĂ©rification formelle des comportements des applications avant que les dommages ne soient causĂ©s. À cet Ă©gard, les mĂ©thodes formelles semblent ĂȘtre le moyen le plus naturel et le plus sĂ»r pour une spĂ©cification et une vĂ©rification rigoureuses et non ambiguĂ«s de telles applications. Notre objectif principal est de dĂ©velopper un cadre formel pour le renforcement de politiques de sĂ©curitĂ© dans les applications Android. L'idĂ©e est d'Ă©tablir une synergie entre le paradigme orientĂ© aspect et les mĂ©thodes formelles. L'approche consiste Ă  rĂ©Ă©crire le programme de l'application en ajoutant des tests de sĂ©curitĂ© Ă  certains points soigneusement sĂ©lectionnĂ©s pour garantir le respect de la politique de sĂ©curitĂ©. La version rĂ©Ă©crite du programme prĂ©serve tous les bons comportements de la version originale qui sont conformes Ă  la politique de sĂ©curitĂ© et agit contre les mauvais.As much as they have positioned Android among the most widely used operating systems, Android applications have helped malware creators to break in and infect its devices. A long list of threats caused by downloaded applications targets the integrity of the system and the privacy of its users. While the Android system is constantly evolving to improve its security mechanism, the malware's sophistication level is skyrocketing and continuously adapting with the new measures. One of the main weaknesses threatening smartphone security is the abysmal lack of tools and environments that allow formal specification and verification of application behaviors before damage is done. In this regard, formal methods seem to be the most natural and secure way for rigorous and unambiguous specification and verification of such applications. Our ultimate goal is to formally enforce security policies on Android applications. The main idea is to establish a synergy between the aspect-oriented paradigm and formal methods such as the program rewriting technique. The approach consists of rewriting the application program by adding security tests at certain carefully selected points to ensure that the security policy is respected. The rewritten version of the program preserves all the good behaviors of the original one that comply with the security policy and acts against the bad ones
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