Ubiquitous robust communications for emergency response using multi-operator heterogeneous networks

A number of disasters in various places of the planet have caused an extensive loss of lives, severe damages to properties and the environment, as well as a tremendous shock to the survivors. For relief and mitigation operations, emergency responders are immediately dispatched to the disaster areas. Ubiquitous and robust communications during the emergency response operations are of paramount importance. Nevertheless, various reports have highlighted that after many devastating events, the current technologies used, failed to support the mission critical communications, resulting in further loss of lives. Inefficiencies of the current communications used for emergency response include lack of technology inter-operability between different jurisdictions, and high vulnerability due to their centralized infrastructure. In this article, we propose a flexible network architecture that provides a common networking platform for heterogeneous multi-operator networks, for interoperation in case of emergencies. A wireless mesh network is the main part of the proposed architecture and this provides a back-up network in case of emergencies. We first describe the shortcomings and limitations of the current technologies, and then we address issues related to the applications and functionalities a future emergency response network should support. Furthermore, we describe the necessary requirements for a flexible, secure, robust, and QoS-aware emergency response multi-operator architecture, and then we suggest several schemes that can be adopted by our proposed architecture to meet those requirements. In addition, we suggest several methods for the re-tasking of communication means owned by independent individuals to provide support during emergencies. In order to investigate the feasibility of multimedia transmission over a wireless mesh network, we measured the performance of a video streaming application in a real wireless metropolitan multi-radio mesh network, showing that the mesh network can meet the requirements for high quality video transmissions

Cellular Multihop Networks: State of the Art

This paper presents the summary of some research in the area of cellular multihop networks that contains the improvement in network performance also the difficulties and the complexities of the networks. The combination of two different networks, mobile cellular networks and WLAN ad hoc networks will be presented. The main purpose of the combination is to minimize the weaknesses of both network types when they are deployed separately. By having this combination then it is possible to provide higher mobility for WLAN ad hoc networks user and higher data transfer rate for cellular network users in multimedia applications. The cellular multihop networks will reduce blocking probability, balance the cells load and increase the network capacities. Although there are improvement on the performance of the combine networks, but there are additional aspects that should be considered seriously, especially for WLAN ad hoc users. Authentication, Authorization and Accounting (AAA) functions, the dynamic routing and relay path discovery, maintenance and security issues are aspects to be considered for cellular multihop network

Role of Wireless technology in mobile augmented reality system (MARS)

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Handoff Decision for Multi-user Multi-class Traffic in MIMO-LTE-A Networks

AbstractLTE-A networks do not have a central controlling system or node and is made up of several networking technologies. Handover is a method to assure that users can move freely within a network without losing the network connection. Thus, handoff is important in LTE-A to maintain the quality of service. But, handoffs in LTE-A face numerous issues like rapid change in network topology, failure in calls maintenance, etc. Thus, making efficient handoff decision is important. So, in this paper we develop a vertical handoff decision model on the basis of the utility model such that the handoff occurs only to the suitable cells in order to avoid any problem in maintaining the network connectivity

Cloud Computing in VANETs: Architecture, Taxonomy, and Challenges

Cloud Computing in VANETs (CC-V) has been investigated into two major themes of research including Vehicular Cloud Computing (VCC) and Vehicle using Cloud (VuC). VCC is the realization of autonomous cloud among vehicles to share their abundant resources. VuC is the efficient usage of conventional cloud by on-road vehicles via a reliable Internet connection. Recently, number of advancements have been made to address the issues and challenges in VCC and VuC. This paper qualitatively reviews CC-V with the emphasis on layered architecture, network component, taxonomy, and future challenges. Specifically, a four-layered architecture for CC-V is proposed including perception, co-ordination, artificial intelligence and smart application layers. Three network component of CC-V namely, vehicle, connection and computation are explored with their cooperative roles. A taxonomy for CC-V is presented considering major themes of research in the area including design of architecture, data dissemination, security, and applications. Related literature on each theme are critically investigated with comparative assessment of recent advances. Finally, some open research challenges are identified as future issues. The challenges are the outcome of the critical and qualitative assessment of literature on CC-V

Evolution of 5G Network: A Precursor towards the Realtime Implementation of VANET for Safety Applications in Nigeria

  A crucial requirement for the successful real-time design and deployment of Vehicular Adhoc Networks (VANET) is to ensure high speed data rates, low latency, information security, and a wide coverage area without sacrificing the required Quality of Service (QoS) in VANET. These requirements must be met for flawless communication on the VANET. This study examines the generational patterns in mobile wireless communication and looks into the possibilities of adopting fifth generation (5G) network technology for real-time communication of road abnormalities in VANET. The current paper addresses the second phase of a project that is now underway to develop real-time road anomaly detection, characterization, and communication systems for VANET. The major goal is to reduce the amount of traffic accidents on Nigerian roadways. It will also serve as a platform for the real-time deployment and testing of various road anomaly detection algorithms, as well as schemes for communicating such detected anomalies in the VANET.   &nbsp

5G Security Challenges and Solutions: A Review by OSI Layers

The Fifth Generation of Communication Networks (5G) envisions a broader range of servicescompared to previous generations, supporting an increased number of use cases and applications. Thebroader application domain leads to increase in consumer use and, in turn, increased hacker activity. Dueto this chain of events, strong and efficient security measures are required to create a secure and trustedenvironment for users. In this paper, we provide an objective overview of5G security issues and theexisting and newly proposed technologies designed to secure the5G environment. We categorize securitytechnologies usingOpen Systems Interconnection (OSI)layers and, for each layer, we discuss vulnerabilities,threats, security solutions, challenges, gaps and open research issues. While we discuss all sevenOSIlayers, the most interesting findings are in layer one, the physical layer. In fact, compared to other layers,the physical layer between the base stations and users’ device presents increased opportunities for attackssuch as eavesdropping and data fabrication. However, no singleOSI layer can stand on its own to provideproper security. All layers in the5G must work together, providing their own unique technology in an effortto ensure security and integrity for5G data

A Framework of Fog Computing: Architecture, Challenges and Optimization

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from IEEE via the DOI in this record.Fog Computing (FC) is an emerging distributed computing platform aimed at bringing computation close to its data sources, which can reduce the latency and cost of delivering data to a remote cloud. This feature and related advantages are desirable for many Internet-of-Things applications, especially latency sensitive and mission intensive services. With comparisons to other computing technologies, the definition and architecture of FC are presented in this article. The framework of resource allocation for latency reduction combined with reliability, fault tolerance, privacy, and underlying optimization problems are also discussed. We then investigate an application scenario and conduct resource optimization by formulating the optimization problem and solving it via a Genetic Algorithm. The resulting analysis generates some important insights on the scalability of FC systems.This work was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [grant number EP/P020224/1] and the EU FP7 QUICK project under Grant Agreement No. PIRSES-GA-2013-612652. Yang Liu was supported by the Chinese Research Council