Peeled volume models of a whole body to enhance comprehension of anthropological bone landmarks

Background: In physical anthropology, bone landmarks are palpated in living humans for the identification of corresponding skin landmarks and exact biometry. The purpose of this study is to help comprehend the locations and depths of representative bone landmarks all over the body. Materials and methods: The sectioned images of a male cadaver’s whole body were used to build a volume model, which was continuously peeled at 1 mm thicknesses to disclose 27 selected landmarks in the anterior, lateral, or posterior views. Results: The captured views of peeled volume models along with the labels of the bone landmarks were loaded to browsing software that was distributed for free. The browsing software containing the peeled volume models will enhance convenient studying of the bone landmarks. Conclusions: With the knowledge of bone landmarks, investigators would be able to attain more accurate measurements between skin landmarks

Sectioned Images of the Cadaver Head Including the Brain and Correspondences With Ultrahigh Field 7.0 T MRIs

Unlike computed tomographic images and magnetic resonance images (MRIs), sectioned images of the human body with real color and high resolution have certain advantages in learning and teaching anatomy. Comparisons between sectioned images of the brain and MRIs are useful in many ways. Therefore, we prepared 312 MRIs at ultrahigh field 7.0 T (axial direction 0.4 x 0.4 x 0.4 mm(3) voxel size) of a cadaver brain, 2343 sectioned images (axial direction, 0.1 mm intervals, 0.1 x 0.1 mm(2) pixel size, and 48 bits color) by serial-sectioning the cadaver head, 234 segmented images in which brain regions were separately delineated (1 mm intervals and 0.1 x 0.1 mm(2) pixel size) by outlining 64 head structures in sectioned images. Three-dimensional images of 64 head structures were made by volume reconstruction from sectioned images. In this research, advanced techniques and equipment enabled us to prepare quality 7.0-T MRIs, sectioned images, and segmented images of the head. These images are expected to contribute to our understanding of the topographic neuroanatomy of the head and to aid interpretations of MRIs and CTs of the human brain.Park JS, 2008, COMPUT METH PROG BIO, V92, P257, DOI 10.1016/j.cmpb.2008.07.007Cho ZH, 2008, PROTEOMICS, V8, P1302, DOI 10.1002/pmic.200700744Park JS, 2007, CLIN ANAT, V20, P871, DOI 10.1002/ca.20535Spitzer VM, 2006, CLIN ANAT, V19, P192, DOI 10.1002/ca.20330Zhang SX, 2006, CLIN ANAT, V19, P204, DOI 10.1002/ca.20273Park JS, 2006, CLIN ANAT, V19, P216, DOI 10.1002/ca.20275Park JS, 2005, J DIGIT IMAGING, V18, P333, DOI 10.1007/s10278-005-6704-1Park JS, 2005, IEEE T MED IMAGING, V24, P352, DOI 10.1109/TMI.2004.842454Schiemann T, 2000, COMPUT MED IMAG GRAP, V24, P127SPITZER VM, 1998, ATLAS VISIBLE HUMANSpitzer V, 1996, J AM MED INFORM ASSN, V3, P118