4,859 research outputs found
On Green Energy Powered Cognitive Radio Networks
Green energy powered cognitive radio (CR) network is capable of liberating
the wireless access networks from spectral and energy constraints. The
limitation of the spectrum is alleviated by exploiting cognitive networking in
which wireless nodes sense and utilize the spare spectrum for data
communications, while dependence on the traditional unsustainable energy is
assuaged by adopting energy harvesting (EH) through which green energy can be
harnessed to power wireless networks. Green energy powered CR increases the
network availability and thus extends emerging network applications. Designing
green CR networks is challenging. It requires not only the optimization of
dynamic spectrum access but also the optimal utilization of green energy. This
paper surveys the energy efficient cognitive radio techniques and the
optimization of green energy powered wireless networks. Existing works on
energy aware spectrum sensing, management, and sharing are investigated in
detail. The state of the art of the energy efficient CR based wireless access
network is discussed in various aspects such as relay and cooperative radio and
small cells. Envisioning green energy as an important energy resource in the
future, network performance highly depends on the dynamics of the available
spectrum and green energy. As compared with the traditional energy source, the
arrival rate of green energy, which highly depends on the environment of the
energy harvesters, is rather random and intermittent. To optimize and adapt the
usage of green energy according to the opportunistic spectrum availability, we
discuss research challenges in designing cognitive radio networks which are
powered by energy harvesters
A Low-Overhead Energy Detection Based Cooperative Sensing Protocol for Cognitive Radio Systems
Cognitive radio and dynamic spectrum access represent a new paradigm shift in
more effective use of limited radio spectrum. One core component behind dynamic
spectrum access is the sensing of primary user activity in the shared spectrum.
Conventional distributed sensing and centralized decision framework involving
multiple sensor nodes is proposed to enhance the sensing performance. However,
it is difficult to apply the conventional schemes in reality since the overhead
in sensing measurement and sensing reporting as well as in sensing report
combining limit the number of sensor nodes that can participate in distributive
sensing. In this paper, we shall propose a novel, low overhead and low
complexity energy detection based cooperative sensing framework for the
cognitive radio systems which addresses the above two issues. The energy
detection based cooperative sensing scheme greatly reduces the quiet period
overhead (for sensing measurement) as well as sensing reporting overhead of the
secondary systems and the power scheduling algorithm dynamically allocate the
transmission power of the cooperative sensor nodes based on the channel
statistics of the links to the BS as well as the quality of the sensing
measurement. In order to obtain design insights, we also derive the asymptotic
sensing performance of the proposed cooperative sensing framework based on the
mobility model. We show that the false alarm and mis-detection performance of
the proposed cooperative sensing framework improve as we increase the number of
cooperative sensor nodes.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures, journal. To appear in IEEE Transactions on
Wireless Communication
Intelligent Wireless Communications Enabled by Cognitive Radio and Machine Learning
The ability to intelligently utilize resources to meet the need of growing
diversity in services and user behavior marks the future of wireless
communication systems. Intelligent wireless communications aims at enabling the
system to perceive and assess the available resources, to autonomously learn to
adapt to the perceived wireless environment, and to reconfigure its operating
mode to maximize the utility of the available resources. The perception
capability and reconfigurability are the essential features of cognitive radio
while modern machine learning techniques project great potential in system
adaptation. In this paper, we discuss the development of the cognitive radio
technology and machine learning techniques and emphasize their roles in
improving spectrum and energy utility of wireless communication systems. We
describe the state-of-the-art of relevant techniques, covering spectrum sensing
and access approaches and powerful machine learning algorithms that enable
spectrum- and energy-efficient communications in dynamic wireless environments.
We also present practical applications of these techniques and identify further
research challenges in cognitive radio and machine learning as applied to the
existing and future wireless communication systems
Dynamic Profit Maximization of Cognitive Mobile Virtual Network Operator
We study the profit maximization problem of a cognitive virtual network
operator in a dynamic network environment. We consider a downlink OFDM
communication system with various network dynamics, including dynamic user
demands, uncertain sensing spectrum resources, dynamic spectrum prices, and
time-varying channel conditions. In addition, heterogenous users and imperfect
sensing technology are incorporated to make the network model more realistic.
By exploring the special structural of the problem, we develop a low-complexity
on-line control policies that determine pricing and resource scheduling without
knowing the statistics of dynamic network parameters. We show that the proposed
algorithms can achieve arbitrarily close to the optimal profit with a proper
trade-off with the queuing delay
Probability Density Function Estimation in OFDM Transmitter and Receiver in Radio Cognitive Networks based on Recurrent Neural Network
The most important problem in telecommunication is bandwidth limitation due
to the uncontrolled growth of wireless technology. Deploying dynamic spectrum
access techniques is one of the procedures provided for efficient use of
bandwidth. In recent years, cognitive radio network introduced as a tool for
efficient use of spectrum. These radios are able to use radio resources by
recognizing surroundings via sensors and signal operations that means use these
resources only when authorized users do not use their spectrum. Secondary users
are unauthorized ones that must avoid from interferences with primary users
transmission. Secondary users must leave channel due to preventing damages to
primary users whenever these users discretion. In this article, spectrum
opportunities prediction based on Recurrent Neural Network for bandwidth
optimization and reducing the amount of energy by predicting spectrum holes
discovery for quality of services optimization proposed in OFDM-based cognitive
radio network based on probability density function. The result of the
simulation represent acceptable value of SNR and bandwidth optimization in
these networks that allows secondary users to taking spectrum and sending data
without collision and overlapping with primary users.Comment: OFDM, Cognitive Radio Networks, Recurrent Neural Network, Probability
Density Functio
Green Sensing and Access: Energy-Throughput Tradeoffs in Cognitive Networking
Limited spectrum resources and dramatic growth of high data rate applications
have motivated opportunistic spectrum access utilizing the promising concept of
cognitive networks. Although this concept has emerged primarily to enhance
spectrum utilization and to allow the coexistence of heterogeneous network
technologies, the importance of energy consumption imposes additional
challenges, because energy consumption and communication performance can be at
odds. In this paper, the approaches for energy efficient spectrum sensing and
spectrum handoff, fundamental building blocks of cognitive networks is
investigated. The tradeoff between energy consumption and throughput, under
local as well as under cooperative sensing are characterized, and what further
aspects need to be investigated to achieve energy efficient cognitive operation
under various application requirements are discussed.Comment: to be published in IEEE Communications Magazine, 8 pages, 1 table, 6
figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1312.004
FreeNet: Spectrum and Energy Harvesting Wireless Networks
The dramatic mobile data traffic growth is not only resulting in the spectrum
crunch but is also leading to exorbitant energy consumption. It is thus
desirable to liberate mobile and wireless networks from the constraint of the
spectrum scarcity and to rein in the growing energy consumption. This article
introduces FreeNet, figuratively synonymous to "Free Network", which engineers
the spectrum and energy harvesting techniques to alleviate the spectrum and
energy constraints by sensing and harvesting spare spectrum for data
communications and utilizing renewable energy as power supplies, respectively.
Hence, FreeNet increases the spectrum and energy efficiency of wireless
networks and enhances the network availability. As a result, FreeNet can be
deployed to alleviate network congestion in urban areas, provision broadband
services in rural areas, and upgrade emergency communication capacity. This
article provides a brief analysis of the design of FreeNet that accommodates
the dynamics of the spare spectrum and employs renewable energy
On Scalable Video Streaming over Cognitive Radio Cellular and Ad Hoc Networks
Video content delivery over wireless networks is expected to grow drastically
in the coming years. In this paper, we investigate the challenging problem of
video over cognitive radio (CR) networks. Although having high potential, this
problem brings about a new level of technical challenges. After reviewing
related work, we first address the problem of video over infrastructure-based
CR networks, and then extend the problem to video over non-infrastructure-based
ad hoc CR networks. We present formulations of cross-layer optimization
problems as well as effective algorithms to solving the problems. The proposed
algorithms are analyzed with respect to their optimality and validate with
simulations
Sensing-Throughput Tradeoff for Superior Selective Reporting-based Spectrum Sensing in Energy Harvesting HCRNs
In this paper, we investigate the performance of conventional cooperative
sensing (CCS) and superior selective reporting (SSR)-based cooperative sensing
in an energy harvesting-enabled heterogeneous cognitive radio network (HCRN).
In particular, we derive expressions for the achievable throughput of both
schemes and formulate nonlinear integer programming problems, in order to find
the throughput-optimal set of spectrum sensors scheduled to sense a particular
channel, given primary user (PU) interference and energy harvesting
constraints. Furthermore, we present novel solutions for the underlying
optimization problems based on the cross-entropy (CE) method, and compare the
performance with exhaustive search and greedy algorithms. Finally, we discuss
the tradeoff between the average achievable throughput of the SSR and CCS
schemes, and highlight the regime where the SSR scheme outperforms the CCS
scheme. Notably, we show that there is an inherent tradeoff between the channel
available time and the detection accuracy. Our numerical results show that, as
the number of spectrum sensors increases, the channel available time gains a
higher priority in an HCRN, as opposed to detection accuracy
Routing Protocols for Cognitive Radio Networks: A Survey
This article has been withdrawn by arXiv administrators because it
plagiarises http://www2.ece.ohio-state.edu/~ekici/papers/crnroutingsurvey.pdfComment: This article has been withdrawn by arXiv administrators because it
plagiarises http://www2.ece.ohio-state.edu/~ekici/papers/crnroutingsurvey.pd
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