453,545 research outputs found

    Challenges in Bridging Social Semantics and Formal Semantics on the Web

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    This paper describes several results of Wimmics, a research lab which names stands for: web-instrumented man-machine interactions, communities, and semantics. The approaches introduced here rely on graph-oriented knowledge representation, reasoning and operationalization to model and support actors, actions and interactions in web-based epistemic communities. The re-search results are applied to support and foster interactions in online communities and manage their resources

    An economic giant, political dwarf and military worm?: introducing the concept of 'transnational power over' in studies of (the EU’s) power

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    This paper challenges the common depiction of the European Union (EU) as an economic giant, political dwarf and military worm. It argues that this depiction fails to acknowledge the EU’s structural power and the more subtle ways in which the Union exerts power in the international realm. Building on Susan Strange’s theory of the United States (U.S.) as a ‘transnational empire’ and Stephan Keukeleire’s concept of ‘structural foreign policy’, the paper seeks to demonstrate that EU is more powerful than is still commonly thought. To account for the more subtle and indirect manners in which the EU exerts power on the global stage, the paper presents a new conceptual understanding of power, adapted to the present-day realities of globalisation, interdependence and post-Cold War order, notably ‘transnational power over’ (TNPO). Combining insights from Steven Lukes’s work on power with reflections from Susan Strange and other scholars of international political economy (IPE), the concept of TNPO captures the degree to which international actors are institutionally, materially and/or ideationally subordinate to or dependent on a dominant actor, making it difficult for them to resist its initiatives or turn down its offers. The paper concludes by presenting a conceptual framework based on the notion of TNPO. The framework demonstrates how a dominant actor such as the EU can rely on its TNPO to negotiate favourable agreements, which in turn strengthen its TNPO

    Semantics representation in a sentence with concept relational model (CRM)

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    The current way of representing semantics or meaning in a sentence is by using the conceptual graphs. Conceptual graphs define concepts and conceptual relations loosely. This causes ambiguity because a word can be classified as a concept or relation. Ambiguity disrupts the process of recognizing graphs similarity, rendering difficulty to multiple graphs interaction. Relational flow is also altered in conceptual graphs when additional linguistic information is input. Inconsistency of relational flow is caused by the bipartite structure of conceptual graphs that only allows the representation of connection between concept and relations but never between relations per se. To overcome the problem of ambiguity, the concept relational model (CRM) described in this article strictly organizes word classes into three main categories; concept, relation and attribute. To do so, CRM begins by tagging the words in text and proceeds by classifying them according to a predefi ned mapping. In addition, CRM maintains the consistency of the relational flow by allowing connection between multiple relations as well. CRM then uses a set of canonical graphs to be worked on these newly classified components for the representation of semantics. The overall result is better accuracy in text engineering related task like relation extraction

    Design Ltd.: Renovated Myths for the Development of Socially Embedded Technologies

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    This paper argues that traditional and mainstream mythologies, which have been continually told within the Information Technology domain among designers and advocators of conceptual modelling since the 1960s in different fields of computing sciences, could now be renovated or substituted in the mould of more recent discourses about performativity, complexity and end-user creativity that have been constructed across different fields in the meanwhile. In the paper, it is submitted that these discourses could motivate IT professionals in undertaking alternative approaches toward the co-construction of socio-technical systems, i.e., social settings where humans cooperate to reach common goals by means of mediating computational tools. The authors advocate further discussion about and consolidation of some concepts in design research, design practice and more generally Information Technology (IT) development, like those of: task-artifact entanglement, universatility (sic) of End-User Development (EUD) environments, bricolant/bricoleur end-user, logic of bricolage, maieuta-designers (sic), and laissez-faire method to socio-technical construction. Points backing these and similar concepts are made to promote further discussion on the need to rethink the main assumptions underlying IT design and development some fifty years later the coming of age of software and modern IT in the organizational domain.Comment: This is the peer-unreviewed of a manuscript that is to appear in D. Randall, K. Schmidt, & V. Wulf (Eds.), Designing Socially Embedded Technologies: A European Challenge (2013, forthcoming) with the title "Building Socially Embedded Technologies: Implications on Design" within an EUSSET editorial initiative (www.eusset.eu/

    Development of new steam methane reforming mobile plant with micro-scale catalytic channels

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    The search for clean alternative energy sources is vital to feed the ever-increasing world energy consumption. It is widely accepted that hydrogen is the cleanest and abundant energy source of the future. Currently, more than 90% of world hydrogen production is made via catalytic steam methane reforming (SMR). A performing catalyst favors thermodynamic equilibrium that ensures good hydrogen selectivity. This research explores the potential of SMR yield intensification using experimental micro reactor and active noble metal catalyst (Rhodium aluminide and Ruthenium aluminide). For that purpose, a laboratory scale SMR test rig bench was designed, fabricated and developed. A new micro channel reactor with interchangeable catalyst modules for methane conversion process was set up and tested. The rig is able to provide evaluation of SMR experimental tests, such as catalyst performance, conversion rate and products at output stream, with controlled reactants steam to carbon ratio up to 5:1 and reaction temperature up to 700°C. The developed conventional and noble metal catalyst for this research, affirmed and proved that the combination of test rig bench and micro reactor managed to generate methane conversion according to the theory related to material catalyst. From this work, reaction temperature 650°C and steam to carbon ratio of 3:1 were found to yield the optimum methane conversion and hydrogen formation for the developed catalyst. Using such setup, the use of noble metal catalyst was able to reform methane to hydrogen within 1 minute from the start of reaction as compared to 60 minutes using conventional catalyst. It was found that the rate of reaction (methane disappearing rate) of –r´CH4 (mol CH4 / g catalyst.s), for Rhodium aluminide yield the highest of 181.58, followed by Ruthenium aluminide with 154.39 and lastly Nickel aluminide of 1.32. The outcomes of this work has the potential to be scaled up for hydrogen production supply chain system of future fuel-cell electric vehicle transportation sector especially in any region with affordable natural gas price

    A different perspective on canonicity

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    One of the most interesting aspects of Conceptual Structures Theory is the notion of canonicity. It is also one of the most neglected: Sowa seems to have abandoned it in the new version of the theory, and most of what has been written on canonicity focuses on the generalization hierarchy of conceptual graphs induced by the canonical formation rules. Although there is a common intuition that a graph is canonical if it is "meaningful'', the original theory is somewhat unclear about what that actually means, in particular how canonicity is related to logic. This paper argues that canonicity should be kept a first-class notion of Conceptual Structures Theory, provides a detailed analysis of work done so far, and proposes new definitions of the conformity relation and the canonical formation rules that allow a clear separation between canonicity and truth

    Using resource graphs to represent conceptual change

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    We introduce resource graphs, a representation of linked ideas used when reasoning about specific contexts in physics. Our model is consistent with previous descriptions of resources and coordination classes. It can represent mesoscopic scales that are neither knowledge-in-pieces or large-scale concepts. We use resource graphs to describe several forms of conceptual change: incremental, cascade, wholesale, and dual construction. For each, we give evidence from the physics education research literature to show examples of each form of conceptual change. Where possible, we compare our representation to models used by other researchers. Building on our representation, we introduce a new form of conceptual change, differentiation, and suggest several experimental studies that would help understand the differences between reform-based curricula.Comment: 27 pages, 14 figures, no tables. Submitted for publication to the Physical Review Special Topics Physics Education Research on March 8, 200

    A graph theoretical analysis of certain aspects of Bahasa Indonesia

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    In this paper the theory of knowledge graphs is applied to some characteristic features of the Indonesian language. The characteristic features to be considered are active and passive form of verbs and the derived noun
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