Mobiili HTML5: Suorituskykyisen ja alustariippumattoman sovelluksen toteutus

In twenty years, the Web has become an integral part of our everyday lives. The rapid growth of the smartphone market has brought the Web from our home desks to anywhere we are, and enabled us to access this vast source of information at any time. However, the proliferation of mobile devices and platforms has raised new problems for application development. The growing amount of different platforms and their distinct native technologies make it hard to develop applications that can be accessed with all these devices. The only combining factor in all these platforms is the browser, and it is becoming the universal application platform. We cannot afford anymore to build applications for the silos and walled gardens of single platforms, and building cross-platform applications is essential in the modern mobile market. In this work, I introduce the HTML5 (Hyper Text Markup Language version 5) specification as well as several related specifications or specification drafts for modern web development. I also present several tools and libraries for mobile web development. I implemented a mobile web application and a network utility library, and assessed the practical performance of the modern tools and APIs (Application Programming Interface). In this work, I present the tools and techniques for performance optimization of mobile web applications.Kahdenkymmenen vuoden aikana webistä on tullut oleellinen osa jokapäiväistä elämäämme. Mobiilimarkkinoiden huikea kasvu on tuonut webin kotipöydiltämme mukaamme missä ikinä olemmekin ja mahdollistanut tämän laajan tietovaraston käyttämisen milloin tahansa. Mobiililaitteiden käytön räjähdysmäinen kasvu on kuitenkin nostanut uusia haasteita ohjelmistokehitykselle. Monien eri alustojen natiiviteknologiat poikkeavat toisistaan, ja ohjelmistojen kehittäminen kaikille näille alustoille on haastavaa. Ainoa yhteinen tekijä näissä alustoissa on WWW-selain (World Wide Web), josta on tulossa universaali ohjelmistoalusta. Enää ei voida kehittää ohjelmistoja vain tiettyjen suljettujen alustojen käyttäjille, ja alusta-riippumattomuudesta on tullut oleellinen osa mobiilimarkkinoita. Tässä työssä esittelemme HTML5-standardin sekä muita siihen liittyviä standardeja sekä standardiluonnoksia, jotka tuovat uusia ominaisuuksia ja helpotuksia web-kehitykseen. Esittelemme myös useita työkaluja ja tekniikoita moderniin web-kehitykseen mobiililaitteille. Toteutimme mobiililaitteissa toimivan web-ohjelmiston sekä kirjaston tiedon siirtämiseen mobiiliverkoissa, ja arvioimme modernien työkalujen ja rajapintojen käytännön suorituskykyä. Tässä työssä esitämme useita työkaluja ja tekniikoita web-ohjelmistojen suorituskyvyn optimointiin mobiililaitteille

Online advertisement blocker detection: a look at the state of the art for counter-detection and a proof-of-concept for new approaches

Treballs Finals de Grau d'Enginyeria Informàtica, Facultat de Matemàtiques, Universitat de Barcelona, Any: 2017, Director: Lluís Garrido OstermannIn the last years, there has been a surge in the usage of ad-blocking software among Internet users, mainly motivated by intrusive advertisements and rising awareness of the privacy and security implications of advertisements. As a response, many websites have started implementing ad-blocker detection scripts, which detect whether or not an user has an ad-blocking software. In this work, we study the implications and technical underpinnings of those scripts and document relatively simple workarounds ad-blocking software could implement to avoid detection by those scripts. We also present a prototype implementing the explained techniques over a set of test cases

MIDAS: Multi-device Integrated Dynamic Activity Spaces

Mobile phones, tablet computers, laptops, desktops, and large screen displays are increasingly available to individuals for information access, often simultaneously. Dominant content access protocols, such as HTTP/1.1, do not take advantage of this device multiplicity and support information access from single devices only. Changing devices means restarting an information session. Using devices in conjunction with each other poses several challenges, which include the presentation of content on devices with diverse form factors and propagation of the content changes across these devices. In this dissertation, I report on the design and implementation of MIDAS - architecture and a prototype system for multi-device presentations. I propose a framework, called 12C, for characterizing multi-device systems and evaluate MIDAS within this framework. MIDAS is designed as a middleware that can work with multiple client-server architectures, such as the Web and context-aware Trellis, a non-Web hypertext system. It presents information content simultaneously on devices with diverse characteristics without requiring sensor-enhanced environments. The system adapts content elements for optimal presentation on the target device while also striving to retain fidelity with the original form from a human perceptual perspective. MIDAS reconfigures its presentation in response to user actions, availability of devices, and environmental context, such as a user's location or the time of day. I conducted a pilot study that explored human perception of similarity when image attributes such as size and color depth are modified in the process of presenting images on different devices. The results indicated that users tend to prefer scaling of images to color-depth reduction but gray scaling of images is preferable to either modification. Not all images scale equally gracefully; those dominated by natural elements or manmade structures scale exceptionally well. Images that depict recognizable human faces or textual elements should be scaled only to an extent that these features retain their integrity. Attributes of the 12C framework describe aspects of multi-device systems that include infrastructure, presentation, interaction, interface, and security. Based on these criteria, MIDAS is a flexible infrastructure, which lends itself to several content distribution and interaction strategies by separating client- and server-side configuration

Design, development, and validation of a remotely reconfigurable vehicle telemetry system for consumer and government applications

Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2011.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-68).This thesis explores the design and development of a cost-effective, easy-to-use system for remotely monitoring vehicle performance and drivers' habits, with the aim of collecting data for vehicle characterization and traffic shaping. Vehicular congestion and concerns over fuel reserves, pollution, and carbon emissions have recently emerged as prominent sociopolitical concerns. These problems are formidable, but could be addressed more fruitfully with better information about vehicles and drivers habits, leading to policies such as vehicle-specific congestion charging or an odometer-based road tax. Despite the proliferation of sensors in cars, data is often hidden due to the antiquated nature of the federally-required On-Board Diagnostics (OBD). Systems to log and process such data exist, but no well known reconfigurable systems augment OBD with additional sensor data and transmit it over a cellular network. This thesis proposes a system wherein vehicles become distributed sensors, each transmitting a rich supply of information. The standardization of OBD and decreasing cost of bandwidth make now an opportune time to develop a real-time logging system. Inexpensive processors make it possible to provide privacy through onboard calculation, obfuscating much personally-identifiable data. This document discusses the planning process, experimental configurations of hardware and software, results, and conclusions associated with the development of a cellular diagnostic system capable of supporting an "app" model for information feedback. I present a Bluetooth-OBD logger, a cellular logger, and a web interface capable of representing live and historical data from vehicles, including example applications for calculating congestion pricing. This project proves the feasibility of capturing data using a remotely reconfigurable controller area network (CAN) to general packet radio service (GPRS) interpreter, visualizing the information in real-time, and writing applications to make use of the incoming data. The hardware and software were proven successful in meeting the goals set for the project. The hardware proved robust, gathering data without issue for hundreds of miles. The sample data demonstrated low bandwidth use, identified network weaknesses, and pointed out issues with the currently-legislated OBD standard. This thesis closes by exploring future possibilities suggested by the development of this system, including wireless odometry and next-generation OBD.by Joshua Eric Siegel.S.B

Linked Research on the Decentralised Web

This thesis is about research communication in the context of the Web. I analyse literature which reveals how researchers are making use of Web technologies for knowledge dissemination, as well as how individuals are disempowered by the centralisation of certain systems, such as academic publishing platforms and social media. I share my findings on the feasibility of a decentralised and interoperable information space where researchers can control their identifiers whilst fulfilling the core functions of scientific communication: registration, awareness, certification, and archiving. The contemporary research communication paradigm operates under a diverse set of sociotechnical constraints, which influence how units of research information and personal data are created and exchanged. Economic forces and non-interoperable system designs mean that researcher identifiers and research contributions are largely shaped and controlled by third-party entities; participation requires the use of proprietary systems. From a technical standpoint, this thesis takes a deep look at semantic structure of research artifacts, and how they can be stored, linked and shared in a way that is controlled by individual researchers, or delegated to trusted parties. Further, I find that the ecosystem was lacking a technical Web standard able to fulfill the awareness function of research communication. Thus, I contribute a new communication protocol, Linked Data Notifications (published as a W3C Recommendation) which enables decentralised notifications on the Web, and provide implementations pertinent to the academic publishing use case. So far we have seen decentralised notifications applied in research dissemination or collaboration scenarios, as well as for archival activities and scientific experiments. Another core contribution of this work is a Web standards-based implementation of a clientside tool, dokieli, for decentralised article publishing, annotations and social interactions. dokieli can be used to fulfill the scholarly functions of registration, awareness, certification, and archiving, all in a decentralised manner, returning control of research contributions and discourse to individual researchers. The overarching conclusion of the thesis is that Web technologies can be used to create a fully functioning ecosystem for research communication. Using the framework of Web architecture, and loosely coupling the four functions, an accessible and inclusive ecosystem can be realised whereby users are able to use and switch between interoperable applications without interfering with existing data. Technical solutions alone do not suffice of course, so this thesis also takes into account the need for a change in the traditional mode of thinking amongst scholars, and presents the Linked Research initiative as an ongoing effort toward researcher autonomy in a social system, and universal access to human- and machine-readable information. Outcomes of this outreach work so far include an increase in the number of individuals self-hosting their research artifacts, workshops publishing accessible proceedings on the Web, in-the-wild experiments with open and public peer-review, and semantic graphs of contributions to conference proceedings and journals (the Linked Open Research Cloud). Some of the future challenges include: addressing the social implications of decentralised Web publishing, as well as the design of ethically grounded interoperable mechanisms; cultivating privacy aware information spaces; personal or community-controlled on-demand archiving services; and further design of decentralised applications that are aware of the core functions of scientific communication

Scalable visual analytics over voluminous spatiotemporal data

2018 Fall.Includes bibliographical references.Visualization is a critical part of modern data analytics. This is especially true of interactive and exploratory visual analytics, which encourages speedy discovery of trends, patterns, and connections in data by allowing analysts to rapidly change what data is displayed and how it is displayed. Unfortunately, the explosion of data production in recent years has led to problems of scale as storage, processing, querying, and visualization have struggled to keep pace with data volumes. Visualization of spatiotemporal data pose unique challenges, thanks in part to high-dimensionality in the input feature space, interactions between features, and the production of voluminous, high-resolution outputs. In this dissertation, we address challenges associated with supporting interactive, exploratory visualization of voluminous spatiotemporal datasets and underlying phenomena. This requires the visualization of millions of entities and changes to these entities as the spatiotemporal phenomena unfolds. The rendering and propagation of spatiotemporal phenomena must be both accurate and timely. Key contributions of this dissertation include: 1) the temporal and spatial coupling of spatially localized models to enable the visualization of phenomena at far greater geospatial scales; 2) the ability to directly compare and contrast diverging spatiotemporal outcomes that arise from multiple exploratory "what-if" queries; and 3) the computational framework required to support an interactive user experience in a heavily resource-constrained environment. We additionally provide support for collaborative and competitive exploration with multiple synchronized clients

Mobile Learning: location, collaboration and scaffolding inquiry

Critiques of mobile learning pedagogy are concerned with whether such approaches are technology led. This chapter discusses how the particular features of mobile learning can be harnessed to provide new learning opportunities in relation to collaboration, inquiry and location-based learning. Technology supported inquiry learning is a situation rich with possibilities for collaboration. In particular, mobile learning offers new possibilities for scaffolding collaboration together with its other better-known features such as scaffolding the transfer between settings and making learning relevant by making use of the possibilities of location-based learning. These features are considered as part of mobile learning models, in particular mobile collaborative learning models

Assisted Interaction for Improving Web Accessibility: An Approach Driven and Tested by Userswith Disabilities

148 p.Un porcentaje cada vez mayor de la población mundial depende de la Web para trabajar, socializar, opara informarse entre otras muchas actividades. Los beneficios de la Web son todavía más cruciales paralas personas con discapacidades ya que les permite realizar un sinfín de tareas que en el mundo físico lesestán restringidas debido distintas barreras de accesibilidad. A pesar de sus ventajas, la mayoría depáginas web suelen ignoran las necesidades especiales de las personas con discapacidad, e incluyen undiseño único para todos los usuarios. Existen diversos métodos para combatir este problema, como porejemplo los sistemas de ¿transcoding¿, que transforman automáticamente páginas web inaccesibles enaccesibles. Para mejorar la accesibilidad web a grupos específicos de personas, estos métodos requiereninformación sobre las técnicas de adaptación más adecuadas que deben aplicarse.En esta tesis se han realizado una serie de estudios sobre la idoneidad de diversas técnicas de adaptaciónpara mejorar la navegación web para dos grupos diferentes de personas con discapacidad: personas conmovilidad reducida en miembros superiores y personas con baja visión. Basado en revisionesbibliográficas y estudios observacionales, se han desarrollado diferentes adaptaciones de interfaces web ytécnicas alternativas de interacción, que posteriormente han sido evaluadas a lo largo de varios estudioscon usuarios con necesidades especiales. Mediante análisis cualitativos y cuantitativos del rendimiento yla satisfacción de los participantes, se han evaluado diversas adaptaciones de interfaz y métodosalternativos de interacción. Los resultados han demostrado que las técnicas probadas mejoran el acceso ala Web y que los beneficios varían según la tecnología asistiva usada para acceder al ordenador

Dissemination and visualisation of biological data

With the recent advent of various waves of technological advances, the amount of biological data being generated has exploded. As a consequence of this data deluge, new challenges have emerged in the field of biological data management. In order to maximize the knowledge extracted from the huge amount of biological data produced it is of great importance for the research community that data dissemination and visualisation challenges are tackled. Opening and sharing our data and working collaboratively will benefit the scientific community as a whole and to move towards that end, new developements, tools and techniques are needed. Nowadays, many small research groups are capable of producing important and interesting datasets. The release of those datasets can greatly increase their scientific value. In addition, the development of new data analysis algorithms greatly benefits from the availability of a big corpus of annotated datasets for training and testing purposes, giving new and better algorithms to biomedical sciences in return. None of these would be feasible without large amounts of biological data made freely and publicly available. Dissemination The Distributed Annotation System (DAS) is a protocol designed to publish and integrate annotations on biological entities in a distributed way. DAS is structured as a client-server system where the client retrieves data from one or more servers and to further process and visualise. Nowadays, setting up a DAS server imposes some requirements not met by many research groups. With the aim of removing the hassle of setting up a DAS server, a new software platform has been developed: easyDAS. easyDAS is a hosted platform to automatically create DAS servers. Using a simple web interface the user can upload a data file, describe its contents and a new DAS server will be automatically created and data will be publicly available to DAS clients. Visualisation One of the most broadly used visualization paradigms for genomic data are genomic browsers. A genomic browser is capable of displaying different sets of features positioned relative to a sequence. It is possible to explore the sequence and the features by moving around and zooming in and out. When this project was started, in 2007, all major genome browsers offered quite an static experience. It was possible to browse and explore data, but is was done through a set of buttons to the genome a certain amount of bases to left or right or zooming in and out. From an architectural point of view, all web-based genome browsers were very similar: they all had a relatively thin clien-side part in charge of showing images and big backend servers taking care of everything else. Every change in the display parameters made by the user triggered a request to the server, impacting the perceived responsiveness. We created a new prototype genome browser called GenExp, an interactive web-based browser with canvas based client side data rendering. It offers fluid direct interaction with the genome representation and it's possible to use the mouse drag it and use the mouse wheel to change the zoom level. GenExp offers also some quite unique features, such as its multi-window capabilities that allow a user to create an arbitrary number of independent or linked genome windows and its ability to save and share browsing sessions. GenExp is a DAS client and all data is retrieved from DAS sources. It is possible to add any available DAS data source including all data in Ensembl, UCSC and even the custom ones created with easyDAS. In addition, we developed a javascript DAS client library, jsDAS. jsDAS is a complete DAS client library that will take care of everything DAS related in a javascript application. jsDAS is javascript library agnostic and can be used to add DAS capabilities to any web application. All software developed in this thesis is freely available under an open source license.Les recents millores tecnològiques han portat a una explosió en la quantitat de dades biològiques que es generen i a l'aparició de nous reptes en el camp de la gestió de les dades biològiques. Per a maximitzar el coneixement que podem extreure d'aquestes ingents quantitats de dades cal que solucionem el problemes associats al seu anàlisis, i en particular a la seva disseminació i visualització. La compartició d'aquestes dades de manera lliure i gratuïta pot beneficiar en gran mesura a la comunitat científica i a la societat en general, però per a fer-ho calen noves eines i tècniques. Actualment, molts grups són capaços de generar grans conjunts de dades i la seva publicació en pot incrementar molt el valor científic. A més, la disponibilitat de grans conjunts de dades és necessària per al desenvolupament de nous algorismes d'anàlisis. És important, doncs, que les dades biològiques que es generen siguin accessibles de manera senzilla, estandaritzada i lliure. Disseminació El Sistema d'Anotació Distribuïda (DAS) és un protocol dissenyat per a la publicació i integració d'anotacions sobre entitats biològiques de manera distribuïda. DAS segueix una esquema de client-servidor, on el client obté dades d'un o més servidors per a combinar-les, processar-les o visualitzar-les. Avui dia, però, crear un servidor DAS necessita uns coneixements i infraestructures que van més enllà dels recursos de molts grups de recerca. Per això, hem creat easyDAS, una plataforma per a la creació automàtica de servidors DAS. Amb easyDAS un usuari pot crear un servidor DAS a través d'una senzilla interfície web i amb només alguns clics. Visualització Els navegadors genomics són un dels paradigmes de de visualització de dades genòmiques més usats i permet veure conjunts de dades posicionades al llarg d'una seqüència. Movent-se al llarg d'aquesta seqüència és possibles explorar aquestes dades. Quan aquest projecte va començar, l'any 2007, tots els grans navegadors genomics oferien una interactivitat limitada basada en l'ús de botons. Des d'un punt de vista d'arquitectura tots els navegadors basats en web eren molt semblants: un client senzill encarregat d'ensenyar les imatges i un servidor complex encarregat d'obtenir les dades, processar-les i generar les imatges. Així, cada canvi en els paràmetres de visualització requeria una nova petició al servidor, impactant molt negativament en la velocitat de resposta percebuda. Vam crear un prototip de navegador genòmic anomenat GenExp. És un navegador interactiu basat en web que fa servir canvas per a dibuixar en client i que ofereix la possibilitatd e manipulació directa de la respresentació del genoma. GenExp té a més algunes característiques úniques com la possibilitat de crear multiples finestres de visualització o la possibilitat de guardar i compartir sessions de navegació. A més, com que és un client DAS pot integrar les dades de qualsevol servidor DAS com els d'Ensembl, UCSC o fins i tot aquells creats amb easyDAS. A més, hem desenvolupat jsDAS, la primera llibreria de client DAS completa escrita en javascript. jsDAS es pot integrar en qualsevol aplicació DAS per a dotar-la de la possibilitat d'accedir a dades de servidors DAS. Tot el programari desenvolupat en el marc d'aquesta tesis està lliurement disponible i sota una llicència de codi lliure

Library Publishing Curriculum Textbook

In the original, modular curriculum (2018) on which this textbook is based, each unit of the Library Publishing Curriculum contained an instructor’s guide, narrative, a slideshow with talking notes, bibliographies, supplemental material, and activities for use in a physical or virtual classroom for workshops and courses. This textbook version, produced in 2021, adapts the original narrative as the primary content (with very little additional editing) and incorporates the bibliographies, appendices, and images from the slideshow into a linear reading and learning experience for use by librarians or students learning on their own or as part of a classroom learning experience. The LPC hopes others use and extend this CC-BY version into even more learning opportunities to help create a more equitable publishing ecosystem