1,873 research outputs found
Enhancing the ELECTRE decision support method with semantic data
Prendre una decisió quan les opcions es defineixen mitjançant un conjunt divers de criteris no és fàcil. Aqueta tesi es centra en ampliar la metodologia ELECTRE, que és el mètode del tipus "outranking" més utilitzat. En aquesta tesi ens centrem en problemes de decisió que involucren informació no numèrica, tal com els criteris semàntics multivaluats, que poden prendre com a valors els conceptes d'una ontologia de domini determinada.
Primer proposo una nova manera de manipular els criteris semàntics per evitar l'agregació de les puntuacions numèriques abans del procediment de classificació. Aquest mètode, anomenat ELECTRE-SEM, segueix els mateixos principis que el clàssic ELECTRE però, en aquest cas, els índexs de concordança i discordança es defineixen en termes de la comparació per parelles de les puntuacions que indiquen l'interès de l'usuari sobre diferents conceptes de l'ontologia. En segon lloc, proposo crear un perfil d'usuari semàntic mitjançant el emmagatzemant de puntuacions de preferències a l'ontologia. Es vincula una puntuació d'interès numèrica als conceptes més específics, això permet distingir millor les preferències de l'usuari, i també s'incorpora un procediment d'agregació per inferir les preferències de l'usuari considerant les relacions taxonòmiques entre conceptes.
La metodologia proposada s'ha aplicat en dos casos d’estudi: l'avaluació de plantes de generació d'energia i la recomanació d'activitats turístiques a Tarragona.Tomar una decisión cuando las opciones se definen sobre un conjunto diverso de criterios no es fácil. Esta tesis se centra en ampliar la metodología ELECTRE, que es el método del tipo "outranking" más utilizado. En esta tesis nos centramos en problemas de decisión que involucren información no numérica, tal como los criterios semánticos multi-valuados, que pueden tomar como valores los conceptos de una ontología de dominio determinada.
Primero propongo una nueva forma de manejar los criterios semánticos para evitar la agregación de puntuaciones numéricas antes del procedimiento de clasificación. Este método, llamado ELECTRE-SEM, sigue los mismos principios que el clásico ELECTRE, pero en este caso los índices de concordancia y discordancia se definen en términos de la comparación por pares de unas puntuaciones que indican el interés del usuario sobre distintos conceptos de la ontología. En segundo lugar, propongo crear un perfil de usuario semántico mediante el almacenamiento de puntuaciones de preferencias en la ontología. Se asocian puntuaciones numéricas a los conceptos más específicos, lo cual permite distinguir mejor las preferencias del usuario, y se incorpora un proceso de agregación para inferir las preferencias del usuario mediante las relaciones taxonómicas entre conceptos.
La metodología propuesta ha sido aplicada en dos casos de estudio: la evaluación de las plantas de generación de energía y la recomendación de actividades turísticas en Tarragona.Reach a decision when options are defined on a set of diverse criteria is not easy. This thesis is focused on improving the methodology ELECTRE, which is the most used outranking-based method. In this dissertation, we focus on decision problems involving non-numerical information, such as multi-valued semantic criteria, which may take as values the concepts of a given domain ontology.
First, I propose a new way of handling semantic criteria to avoid the aggregation of the numerical scores before the ranking procedure. This method, called ELECTRE-SEM, follows the same principles than the classic ELECTRE but in this case the concordance and discordance indices are defined in terms of the pairwise comparison of the interest scores. Second, I also propose to create a semantic user profile by storing preference scores into the ontology. The numerical interest score attached to the most specific concepts permits to distinguish better the preferences of the user, improving the quality of the decision by the incorporation of an aggregation methodology to infer the user's preferences by considering taxonomic relations between concepts.
The proposed methodology has been applied in two case studies: the assessment of power generation plants and the recommendation of touristic activities in Tarragona
Training of Crisis Mappers and Map Production from Multi-sensor Data: Vernazza Case Study (Cinque Terre National Park, Italy)
This aim of paper is to presents the development of a multidisciplinary project carried out by the cooperation between Politecnico di Torino and ITHACA (Information Technology for Humanitarian Assistance, Cooperation and Action). The goal of the project was the training in geospatial data acquiring and processing for students attending Architecture and Engineering Courses, in order to start up a team of "volunteer mappers". Indeed, the project is aimed to document the environmental and built heritage subject to disaster; the purpose is to improve the capabilities of the actors involved in the activities connected in geospatial data collection, integration and sharing. The proposed area for testing the training activities is the Cinque Terre National Park, registered in the World Heritage List since 1997. The area was affected by flood on the 25th of October 2011. According to other international experiences, the group is expected to be active after emergencies in order to upgrade maps, using data acquired by typical geomatic methods and techniques such as terrestrial and aerial Lidar, close-range and aerial photogrammetry, topographic and GNSS instruments etc.; or by non conventional systems and instruments such us UAV, mobile mapping etc. The ultimate goal is to implement a WebGIS platform to share all the data collected with local authorities and the Civil Protectio
Fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic in multi-criteria decision making. The 50th anniversary of Prof. Lotfi Zadeh’s theory: introduction
„Fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic in multi-criteria decision making. The 50th anniversary of Prof. Lotfi Zadeh’s theory: introduction" Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 21(5), pp. 677–68
Intelligent Systems
This book is dedicated to intelligent systems of broad-spectrum application, such as personal and social biosafety or use of intelligent sensory micro-nanosystems such as "e-nose", "e-tongue" and "e-eye". In addition to that, effective acquiring information, knowledge management and improved knowledge transfer in any media, as well as modeling its information content using meta-and hyper heuristics and semantic reasoning all benefit from the systems covered in this book. Intelligent systems can also be applied in education and generating the intelligent distributed eLearning architecture, as well as in a large number of technical fields, such as industrial design, manufacturing and utilization, e.g., in precision agriculture, cartography, electric power distribution systems, intelligent building management systems, drilling operations etc. Furthermore, decision making using fuzzy logic models, computational recognition of comprehension uncertainty and the joint synthesis of goals and means of intelligent behavior biosystems, as well as diagnostic and human support in the healthcare environment have also been made easier
Representing archaeological uncertainty in cultural informatics
This thesis sets out to explore, describe, quantify, and visualise uncertainty in a
cultural informatics context, with a focus on archaeological reconstructions. For quite
some time, archaeologists and heritage experts have been criticising the often toorealistic
appearance of three-dimensional reconstructions. They have been highlighting
one of the unique features of archaeology: the information we have on our heritage
will always be incomplete. This incompleteness should be reflected in digitised
reconstructions of the past.
This criticism is the driving force behind this thesis. The research examines archaeological
theory and inferential process and provides insight into computer visualisation.
It describes how these two areas, of archaeology and computer graphics,
have formed a useful, but often tumultuous, relationship through the years.
By examining the uncertainty background of disciplines such as GIS, medicine,
and law, the thesis postulates that archaeological visualisation, in order to mature,
must move towards archaeological knowledge visualisation. Three sequential areas
are proposed through this thesis for the initial exploration of archaeological uncertainty:
identification, quantification and modelling. The main contributions of the
thesis lie in those three areas.
Firstly, through the innovative design, distribution, and analysis of a questionnaire,
the thesis identifies the importance of uncertainty in archaeological interpretation
and discovers potential preferences among different evidence types.
Secondly, the thesis uniquely analyses and evaluates, in relation to archaeological
uncertainty, three different belief quantification models. The varying ways that these
mathematical models work, are also evaluated through simulated experiments. Comparison
of results indicates significant convergence between the models.
Thirdly, a novel approach to archaeological uncertainty and evidence conflict visualisation
is presented, influenced by information visualisation schemes. Lastly, suggestions
for future semantic extensions to this research are presented through the
design and development of new plugins to a search engine
Managing uncertainty in integrated environmental modelling:the UncertWeb framework
Web-based distributed modelling architectures are gaining increasing recognition as potentially useful tools to build holistic environmental models, combining individual components in complex workflows. However, existing web-based modelling frameworks currently offer no support for managing uncertainty. On the other hand, the rich array of modelling frameworks and simulation tools which support uncertainty propagation in complex and chained models typically lack the benefits of web based solutions such as ready publication, discoverability and easy access. In this article we describe the developments within the UncertWeb project which are designed to provide uncertainty support in the context of the proposed ‘Model Web’. We give an overview of uncertainty in modelling, review uncertainty management in existing modelling frameworks and consider the semantic and interoperability issues raised by integrated modelling. We describe the scope and architecture required to support uncertainty management as developed in UncertWeb. This includes tools which support elicitation, aggregation/disaggregation, visualisation and uncertainty/sensitivity analysis. We conclude by highlighting areas that require further research and development in UncertWeb, such as model calibration and inference within complex environmental models
Fuzzy concept analysis for semantic knowledge extraction
2010 - 2011Availability of controlled vocabularies, ontologies, and so on is enabling feature to provide some added values in terms of knowledge management. Nevertheless, the design, maintenance and construction of domain ontologies are a human intensive and time consuming task. The Knowledge Extraction consists of automatic techniques aimed to identify and to define relevant concepts and relations of the domain of interest by analyzing structured (relational databases, XML) and unstructured (text, documents, images) sources.
Specifically, methodology for knowledge extraction defined in this research work is aimed at enabling automatic ontology/taxonomy construction from existing resources in order to obtain useful information. For instance, the experimental results take into account data produced with Web 2.0 tools (e.g., RSS-Feed, Enterprise Wiki, Corporate Blog, etc.), text documents, and so on. Final results of Knowledge Extraction methodology are taxonomies or ontologies represented in a machine oriented manner by means of semantic web technologies, such as: RDFS, OWL and SKOS.
The resulting knowledge models have been applied to different goals.
On the one hand, the methodology has been applied in order to extract ontologies and taxonomies and to semantically annotate text. On the other hand, the resulting ontologies and taxonomies are exploited in order to enhance information retrieval performance and to categorize incoming data and to provide an easy way to find interesting resources (such as faceted browsing). Specifically, following objectives have been addressed in this research work:
Ontology/Taxonomy Extraction: that concerns to automatic extraction of hierarchical conceptualizations (i.e., taxonomies) and relations expressed by means typical description logic constructs (i.e., ontologies).
Information Retrieval: definition of a technique to perform concept-based the retrieval of information according to the user queries.
Faceted Browsing: in order to automatically provide faceted browsing capabilities according to the categorization of the extracted contents.
Semantic Annotation: definition of a text analysis process, aimed to automatically annotate subjects and predicates identified.
The experimental results have been obtained in some application domains: e-learning, enterprise human resource management, clinical decision support system.
Future challenges go in the following directions: investigate approaches to support ontology alignment and merging applied to knowledge management.X n.s
Security Enhanced Applications for Information Systems
Every day, more users access services and electronically transmit information which is usually disseminated over insecure networks and processed by websites and databases, which lack proper security protection mechanisms and tools. This may have an impact on both the users’ trust as well as the reputation of the system’s stakeholders. Designing and implementing security enhanced systems is of vital importance. Therefore, this book aims to present a number of innovative security enhanced applications. It is titled “Security Enhanced Applications for Information Systems” and includes 11 chapters. This book is a quality guide for teaching purposes as well as for young researchers since it presents leading innovative contributions on security enhanced applications on various Information Systems. It involves cases based on the standalone, network and Cloud environments
Cyber Security and Critical Infrastructures
This book contains the manuscripts that were accepted for publication in the MDPI Special Topic "Cyber Security and Critical Infrastructure" after a rigorous peer-review process. Authors from academia, government and industry contributed their innovative solutions, consistent with the interdisciplinary nature of cybersecurity. The book contains 16 articles: an editorial explaining current challenges, innovative solutions, real-world experiences including critical infrastructure, 15 original papers that present state-of-the-art innovative solutions to attacks on critical systems, and a review of cloud, edge computing, and fog's security and privacy issues
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