Determining Additional Modulus of Subgarde Reaction Based on Tolerable Settlement for the Nailed-slab System Resting on Soft Clay.

Abstract—Nailed-slab System is a proposed alternative solution for rigid pavement problem on soft soils. Equivalent modulus of subgrade reaction (k’) can be used in designing of nailed-slab system. This modular is the cumulative of modulus of subgrade reaction from plate load test (k) and additional modulus of subgrade reaction due to pile installing (∆∆∆∆k). A recent method has used reduction of pile resistance approach in determining ∆∆∆∆k. The relative displacement between pile and soils, and reduction of pile resistance has been identified. In fact, determining of reduction of pile resistance is difficult. This paper proposes an approach by considering tolerable settlement of rigid pavement. Validation is carried out with respect to a loading test of nailed-slab models. The models are presented as strip section of rigid pavement. The theory of beams on elastic foundation is used to calculate the slab deflection by using k’. Proposed approach can results in deflection prediction close to observed one. In practice, the Nailed-slab System would be constructed by multiple-row piles. Designing this system based on one-pile row analysis will give more safety design and will consume less time

Escalonamento de recursos em redes LTE utilizando processo envelope de tráfego multifractal e curva de serviço mínima

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira ([email protected]) on 2019-01-14T11:20:20Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Diego Cruz Abrahão - 2018.pdf: 10299671 bytes, checksum: 516c0e3b326a6fb4611936308ee38aea (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira ([email protected]) on 2019-01-14T12:27:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Diego Cruz Abrahão - 2018.pdf: 10299671 bytes, checksum: 516c0e3b326a6fb4611936308ee38aea (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-01-14T12:27:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Diego Cruz Abrahão - 2018.pdf: 10299671 bytes, checksum: 516c0e3b326a6fb4611936308ee38aea (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-12-14In this work, a variation of the MWM (Multifractal Wavelet Model) model is proposed for network traffic flows, in such a way that its parameters are estimated adaptively. Next, it proposes an envelope process of network traffic based on the parameters' adaptive estimation of this model, whose final objective is to provide quality of service (QoS) in real time. The proposed envelope is compared to the main envelopes processes known in the literature, that are based on traffic models, such as: Brownian Motion (Bm), Fractional Brownian Motion (fBm) and Multifractal Brownian Motion (mBm). This work investigates the use of F-OFDM multi-carrier modulation, which is one of the candidates for 5G networks. It is known that the LTE / LTE-A (Long-Term Evolution) network uses Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC) technique that have the function of adjusting the modulation order and code rate based on the user's channel state information, in order to achieve a Block Error Rate (BLER) lesser than 10%. In this work, simulations of the LTE downlink are carried out using OFDM and F-OFDM multicarrier modulation, with the objective of mapping the BLER as a function of SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio). This mapping is necessary for the network to adjust the modulation and code scheme appropriate to each user. It's also proposed an adaptive algorithm for resource allocation in the LTE/LTE-A downlink, with admission control of the users. This algorithm aims to improve the performance of some network parameters and to guarantee maximum delay, through of following information: backlog, channel condition and user’s traffic behavior. In order to control the admission of users and to estimate the maximum delay of the network, a minimum adaptive service curve of the LTE / LTE-A network is proposed. The proposed algorithm for resource allocation is compared with several scheduling schemes known in the literature through computational simulations of different LTE network scenarios using OFDM and F-OFDM multi-carrier modulation.Neste trabalho, propõe-se inicialmente uma variação da modelagem MWM (Multifractal Wavelet Model) para fluxos de tráfego de rede, de tal forma que seus parâmetros sejam estimados de maneira adaptativa. Em seguida, propõe-se uma equação para o Processo Envelope de tráfego de rede baseado na estimação adaptativa dos parâmetros desse modelo, que tem como objetivo final prover qualidade de serviço (QoS) em tempo real. O envelope proposto é comparado com os principais Processos Envelopes conhecidos na literatura que se baseiam em modelos de tráfego, tais como: Brownian Motion (Bm), Fractional Brownian Motion (fBm) e Multifractal Brownian Motion (mBm). É investigado neste trabalho a utilização da modulação multiportadora F-OFDM, que é uma das candidatas para as redes 5G. Sabe-se que a rede LTE/LTE-A (Long-Term Evolution) faz uso de esquemas de modulação e codificação adaptativos (AMC - Adaptive Modulation and Coding) que tem a função de ajustar a ordem da modulação e a taxa de código com base na informação do estado do canal do usuário, de modo a alcançar uma BLER (Block Error Rate) não superior a 10%. Neste trabalho, são realizadas simulações do downlink LTE utilizando as modulações multiportadoras OFDM e F-OFDM, com o objetivo de mapear a BLER em função da SNR (signal-to-noise ratio). Esse mapeamento é necessário para a rede ajustar o esquema de modulação e codificação adequado a cada usuário. É proposto ainda, um algoritmo adaptativo de alocação de recursos para o enlace de descida da rede LTE/LTE-A, com controle de admissão de usuários. Esse algoritmo tem como objetivo a melhoria do desempenho de alguns parâmetros da rede e a garantia de retardo máximo, por meio das informações do tamanho das filas nos buffers (backlog), da condição do canal e do comportamento de tráfego dos usuários. Com o intuito de controlar a admissão de usuários e estimar o retardo máximo da rede, propõe-se uma Curva de Serviço mínima adaptativa para rede LTE/LTE-A. O algoritmo de alocação de recursos proposto é comparado com vários esquemas de escalonamento conhecidos na literatura através de simulações computacionais de diferentes cenários da rede LTE, utilizando as modulações multiportadoras OFDM e F-OFDM