STUDY ON AUDIO AND VIDEO WATERMARKING

This paper gives the overview of audio and video watermarking. This paper introduces the basic requirements that affect the algorithms for audio and video watermarking which are perceptibility, robustness and security. The attacks which cause manipulations of the audio and video signals are also discussed. The common group of attacks on audio and video data is dynamics, filtering, conversion, compression, noise, modulation, time stretch and pitch shift, multiple watermark, cropping, rotation etc. The applications of audio and video watermarking are Fingerprinting, copyright protection, authentication, copy control etc. The audio watermarking techniques can be classified into Time-domain and Frequencydomain methods and video watermarking techniques are classified into spatial domain, frequency domain and formatspecific domain

Improved ECG watermarking technique using curvelet transform

Hiding data in electrocardiogram signals are a big challenge due to the embedded information that can hamper the accuracy of disease detection. On the other hand, hiding data into ECG signals provides more security for, and authenticity of, the patient\u27s data. Some recent studies used non-blind watermarking techniques to embed patient information and data of a patient into ECG signals. However, these techniques are not robust against attacks with noise and show a low performance in terms of parameters such as peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), normalized correlation (NC), mean square error (MSE), percentage residual difference (PRD), bit error rate (BER), structure similarity index measure (SSIM). In this study, an improved blind ECG-watermarking technique is proposed to embed the information of the patient\u27s data into the ECG signals using curvelet transform. The Euclidean distance between every two curvelet coefficients was computed to cluster the curvelet coefficients and after this, data were embedded into the selected clusters. This was an improvement not only in terms of extracting a hidden message from the watermarked ECG signals, but also robust against image-processing attacks. Performance metrics of SSIM, NC, PSNR and BER were used to measure the superiority of presented work. KL divergence and PRD were also used to reveal data hiding in curvelet coefficients of ECG without disturbing the original signal. The simulation results also demonstrated that the clustering method in the curvelet domain provided the best performance-even when the hidden messages were large size

A New Digital Video Watermarking Using Decimated Wavelet and Principle Component Analysis in YCbCr Domain

Digital watermarking is a technology used for security and for the copyright protection of digital media application. In this letter, we introduced “A New Digital Video Watermarking Using Decimated Wavelet and Principle Component Analysis in YCbCr domain”. First, the input video stream will be divided into number of frames and then select one frame to embed the information into it. Now convert it into YCbCr color space and apply DWT followed by PCA to get the watermarked frame then replace this frame with the original frame to obtain the watermarked video. It has also tested for various attacks such asRST, cropping, compression, filtering and Gaussian noise successfully with reduced bit error. Peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and structural similarity index (SSIM) used to measure the quality of watermarked frame. Simulated results had shown that the proposed algorithm gives more superior results and higher imperceptibility over existing algorithm in terms of quality metrics