One-pass Bitrate Control for MPEG-4 Scalable Video Coding using rho-domain

International audienceThis paper presents an attractive rate control scheme for the new MPEG-4 Scalable Video Coding standard. Our scheme enables us to control the bitrate at the output of the encoder on each video layer with great accuracy. Each frame is encoded only once, so that the computational complexity of the whole scheme is very low. The three spatial, temporal and quality scalabilities are handled correctly, as well as inter layer prediction and hierarchical B frames. A linear bitrate model is used to predict the output bitrate for a frame, based on a simple and effective framework called rho-domain. A coding-complexity measure is also introduced to dispatch the available bits among the frames, in order to reach a constant quality throughout the encoded video stream. To attest the performances of our rate control scheme, we present comprehensive results on some representative scalable video set-ups

Evaluasi Pengiriman Video Menggunakan Pengkodean Skalabilitas Spasial dengan Gangguan pada Kanal Internet

Video transmission over the internet can be a great possibility of the existence of lost packets (packet loss) and load variations in a large bandwidth. This is a source of network congestion can interfere with the rate of data communication. In this paper the proposed planning optimal error control in scalable video transmission to a video coding technique FGS (Fine Granularity Scalability), which is an improvement on the MPEG-4 video coding, which has outputs are scalable base layer and layer Enhanchement that have different sizes and rates, which the application will be adapted to the transmission network conditions, the ultimate goal is to minimize any distortion from the source to the destination. In the simulation yields a value Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) on the base layer of 29, 683 dB and 78,917 dB enhancemenet layer and the base layer for the MSE of 69,998 dB and 0,000834417 dB enhancemenet layer, Means Square Error (MSE) as the performance of the network system performance on video quality for both the base layer and layer Enhanchement

Unjuk Kerja Transmisi Video Dengan Teknik Pengkodean Spasial Skalabilitas

Video transmission over the internet can be a great possibility of the existence of lost packets (packet loss) and load variations in a large bandwidth. This is a source of network congestion can interfere with the rate of data communication. In this paper the proposed planning optimal error control in scalable video transmission to a video coding technique FGS (Fine Granularity Scalability), which is an improvement on the MPEG-4 video coding, which has outputs are scalable base layer and layer Enhanchement that have different sizes and rates , which the application will be adapted to the transmission network conditions, the ultimate goal is to minimize any distortion from the source to the destination. In the simulation yields a value Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) on the base layer of 29, 683 dB and 78,917 dB enhancemenet layer and the base layer for the MSE of 69,998 dB and 0,000834417 dB  enhancemenet layer, Means Square Error (MSE) as the performance of the network system performance on video quality for both the base layer and layer Enhanchemen

Multimedia delivery in the future internet

The term “Networked Media” implies that all kinds of media including text, image, 3D graphics, audio and video are produced, distributed, shared, managed and consumed on-line through various networks, like the Internet, Fiber, WiFi, WiMAX, GPRS, 3G and so on, in a convergent manner [1]. This white paper is the contribution of the Media Delivery Platform (MDP) cluster and aims to cover the Networked challenges of the Networked Media in the transition to the Future of the Internet. Internet has evolved and changed the way we work and live. End users of the Internet have been confronted with a bewildering range of media, services and applications and of technological innovations concerning media formats, wireless networks, terminal types and capabilities. And there is little evidence that the pace of this innovation is slowing. Today, over one billion of users access the Internet on regular basis, more than 100 million users have downloaded at least one (multi)media file and over 47 millions of them do so regularly, searching in more than 160 Exabytes1 of content. In the near future these numbers are expected to exponentially rise. It is expected that the Internet content will be increased by at least a factor of 6, rising to more than 990 Exabytes before 2012, fuelled mainly by the users themselves. Moreover, it is envisaged that in a near- to mid-term future, the Internet will provide the means to share and distribute (new) multimedia content and services with superior quality and striking flexibility, in a trusted and personalized way, improving citizens’ quality of life, working conditions, edutainment and safety. In this evolving environment, new transport protocols, new multimedia encoding schemes, cross-layer inthe network adaptation, machine-to-machine communication (including RFIDs), rich 3D content as well as community networks and the use of peer-to-peer (P2P) overlays are expected to generate new models of interaction and cooperation, and be able to support enhanced perceived quality-of-experience (PQoE) and innovative applications “on the move”, like virtual collaboration environments, personalised services/ media, virtual sport groups, on-line gaming, edutainment. In this context, the interaction with content combined with interactive/multimedia search capabilities across distributed repositories, opportunistic P2P networks and the dynamic adaptation to the characteristics of diverse mobile terminals are expected to contribute towards such a vision. Based on work that has taken place in a number of EC co-funded projects, in Framework Program 6 (FP6) and Framework Program 7 (FP7), a group of experts and technology visionaries have voluntarily contributed in this white paper aiming to describe the status, the state-of-the art, the challenges and the way ahead in the area of Content Aware media delivery platforms

XML-driven exploitation of combined scalability in scalable H.264/AVC bitstreams

The heterogeneity in the contemporary multimedia environments requires a format-agnostic adaptation framework for the consumption of digital video content. Scalable bitstreams can be used in order to satisfy as many circumstances as possible. In this paper, the scalable extension on the H.264/AVC specification is used to obtain the parent bitstreams. The adaptation along the combined scalability axis of the bitstreams is done in a format-independent manner. Therefore, an abstraction layer of the bitstream is needed. In this paper, XML descriptions are used representing the high-level structure of the bitstreams by relying on the MPEG-21 Bitstream Syntax Description Language standard. The exploitation of the combined scalability is executed in the XML domain by implementing the adaptation process in a Streaming Transformation for XML (STX) stylesheet. The algorithm used in the transformation of the XML description is discussed in detail in this paper. From the performance measurements, one can conclude that the STX transformation in the XML domain and the generation of the corresponding adapted bitstream can be realized in real time

Advanced solutions for quality-oriented multimedia broadcasting

Multimedia content is increasingly being delivered via different types of networks to viewers in a variety of locations and contexts using a variety of devices. The ubiquitous nature of multimedia services comes at a cost, however. The successful delivery of multimedia services will require overcoming numerous technological challenges many of which have a direct effect on the quality of the multimedia experience. For example, due to dynamically changing requirements and networking conditions, the delivery of multimedia content has traditionally adopted a best effort approach. However, this approach has often led to the end-user perceived quality of multimedia-based services being negatively affected. Yet the quality of multimedia content is a vital issue for the continued acceptance and proliferation of these services. Indeed, end-users are becoming increasingly quality-aware in their expectations of multimedia experience and demand an ever-widening spectrum of rich multimedia-based services. As a consequence, there is a continuous and extensive research effort, by both industry and academia, to find solutions for improving the quality of multimedia content delivered to the users; as well, international standards bodies, such as the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), are renewing their effort on the standardization of multimedia technologies. There are very different directions in which research has attempted to find solutions in order to improve the quality of the rich media content delivered over various network types. It is in this context that this special issue on broadcast multimedia quality of the IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting illustrates some of these avenues and presents some of the most significant research results obtained by various teams of researchers from many countries. This special issue provides an example, albeit inevitably limited, of the richness and breath of the current research on multimedia broadcasting services. The research i- - ssues addressed in this special issue include, among others, factors that influence user perceived quality, encoding-related quality assessment and control, transmission and coverage-based solutions and objective quality measurements

Efficient Region-of-Interest Scalable Video Coding with Adaptive Bit-Rate Control

This work relates to the regions-of-interest (ROI) coding that is a desirable feature in future applications based on the scalable video coding, which is an extension of the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC standard. Due to the dramatic technological progress, there is a plurality of heterogeneous devices, which can be used for viewing a variety of video content. Devices such as smartphones and tablets are mostly resource-limited devices, which make it difficult to display high-quality content. Usually, the displayed video content contains one or more ROI(s), which should be adaptively selected from the preencoded scalable video bitstream. Thus, an efficient scalable ROI video coding scheme is proposed in this work, thereby enabling the extraction of the desired regions-of-interest and the adaptive setting of the desirable ROI location, size, and resolution. In addition, an adaptive bit-rate control is provided for the region-of-interest scalable video coding. The performance of the presented techniques is demonstrated and compared with the joint scalable video model reference software (JSVM 9.19), thereby showing significant bit-rate savings as a tradeoff for the relatively low PSNR degradation