Interface protocol design: a communication guide for indoor FANET

The present and the future routing protocols in relation to the high throughput requirement, adaptivity to fast-changing link topology and speed makes the choice of routing protocol for unmanned aerial vehicle communication important. Due to this fact, an efficient routing protocol is highly dependent on the nature of the communication link. A flexible solution that presents these features is the use of light fidelity as a communication medium. Therefore, this paper presents the design of an interface protocol for indoor Flying Ad-hoc Network specific routing protocol using light fidelity as a communication link. The interface protocol governs communication when UAV move in a swarm. The architecture, the state machine model is discussed in this paper. Results of the design are validated via simulation using the NS3 in terms of packet delivery ratio and throughput

Development of a mathematical model of video monitoring based on a self-organizing network of unmanned aerial vehicles

The article presents the development of a mathematical model of video monitoring based on a self-organizing network of unmanned aerial vehicles. The necessity of developing models and algorithms for providing geoecological monitoring using a wireless self-organizing network based on unmanned aerial vehicles is shown. Models are presented that allow calculating the speed of information transfer in the network and reducing the number of failures in the process of transmitting video data. With the help of models, it is possible to substantiate the power of network transmitting devices, at which the losses of transmitted packets are significantly reduced. The practical use of the model contributes to the achievement of the required quality of video surveillance in a wireless self-organizing network of unmanned aerial vehicles in the process of geoecological monitoring

DLSA: Delay and Link Stability Aware Routing Protocol for Flying Ad-hoc Networks (FANETs)

Flying Ad-hoc Network (FANET) is a new class of Mobile Ad-hoc Network in which the nodes move in three-dimensional (3-D) ways in the air simultaneously. These nodes are known as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) that are operated live remotely or by the pre-defined mechanism which involves no human personnel. Due to the high mobility of nodes and dynamic topology, link stability is a research challenge in FANET. From this viewpoint, recent research has focused on link stability with the highest threshold value by maximizing Packet Delivery Ratio and minimizing End-to-End Delay. In this paper, a hybrid scheme named Delay and Link Stability Aware (DLSA) routing scheme has been proposed with the contrast of Distributed Priority Tree-based Routing and Link Stability Estimation-based Routing FANET’s existing routing schemes. Unlike existing schemes, the proposed scheme possesses the features of collaborative data forwarding and link stability. The simulation results have shown the improved performance of the proposed DLSA routing protocol in contrast to the selected existing ones DPTR and LEPR in terms of E2ED, PDR, Network Lifetime, and Transmission Loss. The Average E2ED in milliseconds of DLSA was measured 0.457 while DPTR was 1.492 and LEPR was 1.006. Similarly, the Average PDR in %age of DLSA measured 3.106 while DPTR was 2.303 and LEPR was 0.682. The average Network Lifetime of DLSA measured 62.141 while DPTR was 23.026 and LEPR was 27.298. At finally, the Average Transmission Loss in dBm of DLSA measured 0.975 while DPTR was 1.053 and LEPR was 1.227.- Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province - grant No. 2020C01076. - National Natural Science Foundation of China - grant No. 62072403

STFANET : SDN-Based Topology Management for Flying Ad Hoc Network

In recent years, with the growth in the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), UAV-based systems have become popular in both military and civil applications. The lack of reliable communication infrastructure in these scenarios has motivated the use of UAVs to establish a network as flying nodes, also known as Flying Ad Hoc Networks (FANETs). However, the high mobility degree of flying and terrestrial users may be responsible for constant changes in the network topology, which makes more challenging to guarantee their communication during the operational time. In this context, this article presents a Software-defined networking (SDN) based Topology management for FANETs - called of STFANET -, which is a coordination protocol that englobes both an efficient SDN-based UAV communication and a set of topology management algorithms. The goal is to establish and maintain a FANET topology in order to provide a constant and reliable communication link among independent nodes - which are performing individual or collaborative missions - through relays units. Simulation results show the efficiency of the proposed protocol in order to provide communication in a dynamic scenario. Considering its use in a military setting, STFANET managed to achieve 25% of packet loss in transmitting data packets, 1.5ms of latency and 71% of connectivity on average

Routing schemes in FANETs: a survey

Flying ad hoc network (FANET) is a self-organizing wireless network that enables inexpensive, flexible, and easy-to-deploy flying nodes, such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), to communicate among themselves in the absence of fixed network infrastructure. FANET is one of the emerging networks that has an extensive range of next-generation applications. Hence, FANET plays a significant role in achieving application-based goals. Routing enables the flying nodes to collaborate and coordinate among themselves and to establish routes to radio access infrastructure, particularly FANET base station (BS). With a longer route lifetime, the effects of link disconnections and network partitions reduce. Routing must cater to two main characteristics of FANETs that reduce the route lifetime. Firstly, the collaboration nature requires the flying nodes to exchange messages and to coordinate among themselves, causing high energy consumption. Secondly, the mobility pattern of the flying nodes is highly dynamic in a three-dimensional space and they may be spaced far apart, causing link disconnection. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of the limited research work of routing schemes in FANETs. Different aspects, including objectives, challenges, routing metrics, characteristics, and performance measures, are covered. Furthermore, we present open issues

Formation coordination and network management of UAV networks using particle swarm optimization and software-defined networking

In recent years, with the growth in the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), UAV-based systems have become popular in both military and civil applications. The lack of reliable communication infrastructure in these scenarios has motivated the use of UAVs to establish a network as flying nodes, also known as UAV networks. However, the high mobility degree of flying and terrestrial users may be responsible for constant changes in nodes’ positioning, which makes it more challenging to guarantee their communication during the operational time. In this context, this work presents a framework solution for formation coordination and network management of UAVs, which aims to establish and maintain a set of relays units in order to provide a constant, reliable and efficient communication link among user nodes - which are performing individual or collaborative missions on its turn. Such a framework relies on a set of formation coordination algorithms - including the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) evolutionary algorithm -, and also considers the use of Software-defined Networking-based (SDN) communication protocol for network management. For coordination proposes, a novel particle selection criteria is proposed, which aims to guarantee network manageability of UAV formations, therefore being able to guarantee service persistence in case of nodes’ failure occurrence, as well as to provide required network performance, as a consequence. Simulations performed in OMNeT++ show the efficiency of the proposed solution and prove a promising direction of the solution for accomplishing its purposes.Em regiões de confrontos militares, em cenários pós-catástrofes naturais e, inclusive, em grandes áreas de cultivo agrícola, é comum a ausência de uma infra-estrutura préestabelecida de comunicação entre usuários durante a execução de uma ou mais operações eventuais. Nestes casos, Veículos Aéreos Não Tripulados (VANTs) podem ser vistos como uma alternativa para o estabelecimento de uma rede temporária durante essas missões. Para algumas aplicações, a alta mobilidade destes usuários podem trazem grandes desafios para o gerenciamento autônomo de uma estrutura de comunicação aérea, como a organização espacial dos nós roteadores e as políticas de encaminhamento de pacotes adotadas durante a operação. Tendo isso em vista, esse trabalho apresenta o estudo de uma solução que visa o estabelecimento e manutenção das conexões entre os usuários - nos quais executam tarefas individuais ou colaborativas -, através do uso de algoritmos de coordenação de formação - no qual inclui o algoritmo evolucionário Otimização por Enxame de Partículas -, e, também, de conceitos relacionados a Rede Definidas por Software para o gerenciamento da rede. Ainda, é proposto um novo critério de seleção das partículas do algoritmo evolucionário, visando garantir gerenciabilidade das topologias formadas e, consequentemente, a persistência do serviço em caso de falha dos nós roteadores, assim como o cumprimento de especificações desejadas para o desempenho da rede. Simulações em OMNeT++ mostraram a eficácia da proposta e sustentam o modelo proposto a fim de atingir seus objetivos

Scalable and ligthway bio-inspired coordination protocol for FANET in precision agriculture applications

The paper proposes a bio-inspired coordination protocol for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) management in the agriculture domain. In precision agriculture the presence of parasites or the sudden climatic changes represent an important issue for farmers because of the degradation of crops and cultivation quality. Then, the use of the new technologies such as UAVs devices, the new networks such as Flying Ad-Hoc NETwork (FANET), and the utilization of new sensors and actuators inside UAVs can represent an important aid to the smart agriculture domain. An important aspect is, surely, the adequate management and coordination of these new devices in order to plan specific strategies able to support adequately the agriculture humans’ operators. Because drones are resource constrained and limited, scalable coordination techniques such those proposed can improve the network performance maintaining higher efficacy in the task execution

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-Enabled Wireless Communications and Networking

The emerging massive density of human-held and machine-type nodes implies larger traffic deviatiolns in the future than we are facing today. In the future, the network will be characterized by a high degree of flexibility, allowing it to adapt smoothly, autonomously, and efficiently to the quickly changing traffic demands both in time and space. This flexibility cannot be achieved when the network’s infrastructure remains static. To this end, the topic of UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles) have enabled wireless communications, and networking has received increased attention. As mentioned above, the network must serve a massive density of nodes that can be either human-held (user devices) or machine-type nodes (sensors). If we wish to properly serve these nodes and optimize their data, a proper wireless connection is fundamental. This can be achieved by using UAV-enabled communication and networks. This Special Issue addresses the many existing issues that still exist to allow UAV-enabled wireless communications and networking to be properly rolled out

The implications of innovation implementation in the agriculture for sustainable development of the Republic of Serbia

Apstrakt: Usvajanje inovacija u agraru je važan pokretač rasta produktivnosti i postizanja održivosti razvoja. Danas se u svetu primenjuju različiti savremeni pristupi u razvoju agrara, koji podrazumevaju uvođenje inovacija i tehnologija, prihvatljivih u socio-ekonomskom i ekološkom smislu (integralna, organska, cirkularna, zelena i bioekonomija). Osnovni cilj ove doktorske disertacije je utvrditi koji su pristupi razvoju agrara danas najuspešniji u svetu i kakve su mogućnosti njihove primene za održivi razvoj Republike Srbije. U skladu sa definisanim ciljem doktorske disertacije, formulisane su osnovne hipoteze istraživanja, koje su usmerene na razmatranje razvijenosti multifunkcionalne poljoprivrede u Republici Srbiji, kroz poređenje sa ostalim zemljama Zapadnog Balkana. Takođe, istražene su poljoprivredne tehnologije koje vode ka povećanju produktivnosti u agraru, zatim kvalitet i konkurentnost najznačajnijih agrarnih proizvoda Republike Srbije i njihov uticaj na izvoz, kao i značaj celokupnog poljoprivredno-prehrambenog sektora za izvoz, privredni i održivi razvoj Republike Srbije i inovativnih zemalja sveta. Ispitan je značaj uvođenja inovacija u agrarni sektor za privredni i održivi razvoj Republike Srbije i inovativnih zemalja i upoređena je inovativnost agrarnog sektora Republike Srbije sa poljoprivredno inovativnim zemljama. Empirijskim istraživanjem su dokazane postavljene hipoteze i u skladu sa tim su izvedeni zaključci. Sprovedeno istraživanje ima teorijske i praktične implikacije, koje mogu biti korišćene za dalja istraživanja i obogaćivanje literature iz predmetne oblasti. Takođe, može poslužiti kreatorima agrarne politike Republike Srbije, u smislu uvođenja najperspektivnijih pristupa za budući razvoj agrara u cilju održivog razvoja Republike Srbije.Abstract Adoption of innovations in agriculture is an important driver of productivity growth and sustainable development. Today in the world apply different approaches to the development of modern agriculture, which include innovation and technology, acceptable in socio-economic and environmental terms (integral, organic, circular, green and bio-economy). The main goal of this doctoral dissertation is to determine which approaches of the development of agriculture are the most successful in the world and what are the possibilities of their application for the sustainable development of the Republic of Serbia. In accordance with the defined goal of the doctoral dissertation, the basic research hypotheses have been formulated, which are aimed at considering the development of multifunctional agriculture in the Republic of Serbia, through comparison with other countries in the Western Balkans. Also, explored are agricultural technologies that lead to increased productivity in agriculture, then the quality and competitiveness of the most important agricultural products of the Republic of Serbia and their impact on exports, as well as the importance of the entire agri-food sector for export, economic and sustainable development of Republic of Serbia and innovative countries in the world. The importance of introducing innovation in the agricultural sector for economic and sustainable development of the Republic of Serbia and innovative countries was examined and the innovation of the agricultural sector of the Republic of Serbia was compared with agriculturally innovative countries. Empirical research proved the set hypotheses and drew conclusions accordingly. The conducted research has theoretical and practical implications, which can be used for further research and enrichment of literature in the subject area. It can also serve the creators of the agricultural policy of the Republic of Serbia, in terms of introducing the most promising approaches for the future development of agriculture in order to achieve sustainable development of the Republic of Serbia