105 research outputs found

    LIPIcs, Volume 251, ITCS 2023, Complete Volume

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    LIPIcs, Volume 251, ITCS 2023, Complete Volum

    Large Language Models for Software Engineering: A Systematic Literature Review

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    Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly impacted numerous domains, notably including Software Engineering (SE). Nevertheless, a well-rounded understanding of the application, effects, and possible limitations of LLMs within SE is still in its early stages. To bridge this gap, our systematic literature review takes a deep dive into the intersection of LLMs and SE, with a particular focus on understanding how LLMs can be exploited in SE to optimize processes and outcomes. Through a comprehensive review approach, we collect and analyze a total of 229 research papers from 2017 to 2023 to answer four key research questions (RQs). In RQ1, we categorize and provide a comparative analysis of different LLMs that have been employed in SE tasks, laying out their distinctive features and uses. For RQ2, we detail the methods involved in data collection, preprocessing, and application in this realm, shedding light on the critical role of robust, well-curated datasets for successful LLM implementation. RQ3 allows us to examine the specific SE tasks where LLMs have shown remarkable success, illuminating their practical contributions to the field. Finally, RQ4 investigates the strategies employed to optimize and evaluate the performance of LLMs in SE, as well as the common techniques related to prompt optimization. Armed with insights drawn from addressing the aforementioned RQs, we sketch a picture of the current state-of-the-art, pinpointing trends, identifying gaps in existing research, and flagging promising areas for future study

    A People-centered Approach to Historic Gardens: The Influence of Social, Political and Economic Factors on Management and Fruition

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    Historic gardens are heritage properties of great environmental, cultural, social, political and economic value, yet they are also precarious because they are composed of living elements. Their survival, in fact, depends on constant care. This research project seeks to analyze the social, political and economic factors influencing the management and fruition of historic gardens to improve their conservation and ability to contribute to human wellbeing and quality of life. These themes are both missing from existing literature and relevant to current trends in historic garden conservation and fruition made even more evident by the COVID-19 pandemic. Various research methodologies are applied in pursuit of the research aim, including: qualitative interviews providing a first-hand account of the motivations and struggles of those who care for historic gardens; a systematic review of the literature to trace the development of themes and trends in the research and identify significant gaps; document content analysis to make sense of the various political entities and instruments governing historic gardens; spatial analysis to investigate the potential and actual influence of heritage lists on recreational ecosystem service demand; the zonal travel cost method to assess the actual economic value of recreational ecosystem services created by an event in a historic garden. Some of the investigations conducted as part of the dissertation use the city of Palermo (Italy) as a case study to analyze the problems affecting historic garden management and fruition. Palermo’s parks and gardens have been celebrated throughout history, and they still make up most the city’s green spaces. However, they are also recognized as being neglected and deteriorating. Palermo is also a good model for internationally relevant issues related to historic gardens, including the effect of economic and health crises on the management and fruition of green spaces, public austerity, dysfunctional bureaucracy, sustainable development and wellbeing, making the results of these investigations relevant internationally as well as locally. The results of this research provide a people-centered perspective on the management and fruition of historic gardens. By considering the social, political and economic contexts in which they exist, the research identified developments in natural and cultural heritage practice, policy and planning that have important implications for historic garden management and fruition. Recent policy has focused on issues of sustainability and wellbeing, and consequentially put more emphasis on the experiences these heritage sites provide and on the stakeholders they involve. With this perspective, public engagement initiatives organized in historic gardens play an important role in involving the community, creating meaningful experiences and creating economic value. They are human inputs that transform potential cultural ecosystem service benefits into actual benefits. These findings also have implications for the governance, planning management and fruition of other resources valued for their cultural ecosystem services. The research presented here can also be fruitfully applied to investigations of the various cultural ecosystem services provided by such areas as urban green spaces, cultural landscapes and nature reserves. These qualitative, spatial and economic assessments are necessary to ensure that public policy measures, investments, and private or non-profit management strategies are effective in meeting their objectives to contribute to human wellbeing and conserve resources for the future

    24th Nordic Conference on Computational Linguistics (NoDaLiDa)

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    Edge Learning for 6G-enabled Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Survey of Vulnerabilities, Datasets, and Defenses

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    The ongoing deployment of the fifth generation (5G) wireless networks constantly reveals limitations concerning its original concept as a key driver of Internet of Everything (IoE) applications. These 5G challenges are behind worldwide efforts to enable future networks, such as sixth generation (6G) networks, to efficiently support sophisticated applications ranging from autonomous driving capabilities to the Metaverse. Edge learning is a new and powerful approach to training models across distributed clients while protecting the privacy of their data. This approach is expected to be embedded within future network infrastructures, including 6G, to solve challenging problems such as resource management and behavior prediction. This survey article provides a holistic review of the most recent research focused on edge learning vulnerabilities and defenses for 6G-enabled IoT. We summarize the existing surveys on machine learning for 6G IoT security and machine learning-associated threats in three different learning modes: centralized, federated, and distributed. Then, we provide an overview of enabling emerging technologies for 6G IoT intelligence. Moreover, we provide a holistic survey of existing research on attacks against machine learning and classify threat models into eight categories, including backdoor attacks, adversarial examples, combined attacks, poisoning attacks, Sybil attacks, byzantine attacks, inference attacks, and dropping attacks. In addition, we provide a comprehensive and detailed taxonomy and a side-by-side comparison of the state-of-the-art defense methods against edge learning vulnerabilities. Finally, as new attacks and defense technologies are realized, new research and future overall prospects for 6G-enabled IoT are discussed

    Environmental Governance in Indonesia

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    Indonesia is one of the countries with the fastest-growing economies in Asia and one of the most biologically diverse countries in the world. With ecosystems ranging from terrestrial to marine and teemed with unique life forms, Indonesia is rich in natural resources. Unfortunately, Indonesia also suffers from overexploitation and environmental threats exacerbated by climate and human pressures. Along with the growing global ambitions for achieving sustainable development and increasing its capacity to adapt to climate change and extreme events, Indonesia is also increasing its commitments to balance development while safeguarding environmental and social sustainability. However, challenges remain, especially on how to effectively govern the responses to environmental issues. Against this background, this book will present state-of-the-art environmental governance research and practices in Indonesia. It offers a wide scope, covering different themes and sectors (e.g., climate change, disaster risk, forestry, mining, etc.), diverse physical and societal landscapes (e.g., urban, rural, deltas, coastal areas, etc.), and multiscalar perspectives (from national to local level). This book has the ambition to incorporate more knowledge to indicate research gaps and future directions for environmental governance research. Our intention is also to reflect a vision to make the national and global environmental governance research agenda to be more diverse, inclusive, interdisciplinary, and transdisciplinary. We hope that this book will be useful for researchers, students, practitioners, and policymakers who are interested in the field of environmental governance, especially in Indonesia as a megadiversity country that encompasses the world’s largest archipelago
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