373 research outputs found
Three Essays on Law Enforcement and Emergency Response Information Sharing and Collaboration: An Insider Perspective
This dissertation identifies what may be done to overcome barriers to information sharing among federal, tribal, state, and local law enforcement agencies and emergency responders. Social, technical, and policy factors related to information sharing and collaboration in the law enforcement and emergency response communities are examined. This research improves information sharing and cooperation in this area. Policing in most societies exists in a state of dynamic tension between forces that tend to isolate it and those that tend to integrate its functioning with other social structures (Clark, 1965). Critical incidents and crimes today cross jurisdictions and involve multiple stakeholders and levels. Law enforcement and emergency response agencies at federal, tribal, state, and local levels, including private sector entities, gather information and resources but do not effectively share this with each other. Despite mandates to improve information sharing and cooperation, gaps remain perhaps because there is no clear understanding of what the barriers to information sharing are. Information sharing is examined using a multi-method, primarily qualitative, approach. A model for information sharing is presented that identifies social, technical, and policy factors as influencers. Facets of General Systems Theory, Socio-technical Theory, and Stakeholder Theory (among others) are considered in this context. Information sharing is the subject of the first work of the dissertation: a theoretical piece arguing for use of a conceptual framework consisting of social, technical, and policy factors. Social, technology, and policy factors are investigated in the second essay. That essay introduces a new transformative technology, edgeware, that allows for unprecedented connectivity among devices. Social and policy implications for crisis response are examined in light of having technological barriers to sharing resources reduced. Human and other factors relevant to information sharing and collaboration are further examined through a case study of the Central New York Interoperable Communications Consortium (CNYICC) Network, a five-county collaboration involving law enforcement, public safety, government, and non-government participants. The three included essays have a common focus vis-à-vis information sharing and collaboration in law enforcement and emergency response. The propositions here include: (P1) Information sharing is affected by social, technical, and policy factors, and this conceptualization frames the problem of information sharing in a way that it can be commonly understood by government and non-government stakeholders. The next proposition involves the role of technology, policy, and social systems in information sharing: (P2) Social and policy factors influence information sharing more than technical factors (assuming it is physically possible to connect and/or share). A third proposition investigated is: (P3) Social factors play the greatest role in the creation and sustaining of information sharing relationships. The findings provide a greater understanding of the forces that impact public safety agencies as they consider information sharing and will, it is hoped, lead to identifiable solutions to the problem from a new perspective
Managing Interorganizational Networks: Leadership, Paradox and Power. Cases from the U.S. Inmigration Sector
Aquest estudi qualitatiu empíric de quatre xarxes d'organitzacions no lucratives que promouen els drets dels immigrants als EUA vol contribuir a la bibliografia sobre gestió de xarxes centrant-se en dues tensions paradoxals inherents a la xarxa: unitat/diversitat i cooperació/confrontació. Així mateix, identifica quatre activitats fonamentals, activating, facilitating, framing, capacitating, com a fonts per generar unitat i mantenir la diversitat interna de la xarxa. Aquesta unitat i diversitat mencionades proporcionen poder a les xarxes, el qual es conceptualitza com a "power to" i té quatre bases principals: coneixement, recursos financers, legitimitat i accés. A més a més, l'estudi mostra que les xarxes utilitzen aquest poder, que elles mateixes han generat i a les quals es destina, juntament amb dues activitats més strategyzing, mobilizing per cooperar amb els actors estatals més poderosos i, al mateix temps, enfrontar-s'hi. Aquesta investigació, que utilitza com a eix principal les tensions paradoxals inherents a les xarxes, desenvolupa la bibliografia sobre gestió de xarxes, especialment sobre el lideratge i el poder de la xarxa, i té com a objectiu proporcionar als professionals reflexius un marc conceptual de referència.Este estudio cualitativo empírico de cuatro redes de organizaciones no lucrativas que promueven los derechos de los inmigrantes en los EE. UU. pretende contribuir a la literatura de la gestión de redes centrándose en dos tensiones paradójicas inherentes a la red: unidad/diversidad y cooperación/confrontación. El estudio identifica cuatro actividades fundamentales, activating, facilitating, framing, capacitating, como fuentes para generar unidad y mantener la diversidad interna en la red. Dicha unidad y diversidad dan poder a las redes, conceptualizado como "power to", y que tiene, principalmente, cuatro bases de poder: conocimiento, recursos financieros, legitimidad y acceso. El estudio, además, muestra que las redes utilizan este poder generado por y para ellas, junto con dos otras actividades strategyzing, mobilizing para cooperar y enfrentarse a actores estatales mucho más poderosos. Usando las tensiones paradójicas inherentes a las redes como foco principal, esta investigación desarrolla la literatura sobre gestión de redes, en particular sobre el liderazgo y el poder de la red, y pretende proveer a los profesionales reflexivos de un marco conceptual de referencia.This empirical qualitative study  of four interorganizational non-profit networks promoting immigrant rights in the US  contributes to the interorganizational network management literature by focusing on the management of two inherent paradoxical tensions: unity/diversity and cooperation/confrontation. Four leadership activities  activating, facilitating, framing, and capacitating  are found to generate unity and maintain diversity. Unity and diversity, together, build the networks' power: conceptualized as "power to" and as four power bases, namely, knowledge, financial resources, legitimacy, and access. In turn, the networks' power together with two other leadership activities  strategizing and mobilizing  is found to be used by the immigration non-profit networks to both cooperate with and confront powerful state actors. By using paradoxical tensions inherent to networks as its focus, this research further develops both the network leadership and network power literatures, and also aims at providing reflexive practitioners with a guiding conceptual framework
Int J Environ Res Public Health
Public health emergency planners can better perform their mission if they develop and maintain effective relationships with community- and faith-based organizations in their jurisdictions. This qualitative study presents six themes that emerged from 20 key informant interviews representing a wide range of American community- and faith-based organizations across different types of jurisdictions, organizational types, and missions. This research seeks to provide local health department public health emergency planners with tools to assess and improve their inter-organizational community relationships. The themes identified address the importance of community engagement, leadership, intergroup dynamics and communication, and resources. Community- and faith-based organizations perceive that they are underutilized or untapped resources with respect to public health emergencies and disasters. One key reason for this is that many public health departments limit their engagement with community- and faith-based organizations to a one-way "push" model for information dissemination, rather than engaging them in other ways or improving their capacity. Beyond a reprioritization of staff time, few other resources would be required. From the perspective of community- and faith-based organizations, the quality of relationships seems to matter more than discrete resources provided by such ties.1P01TP000303-01/TP/OPHPR CDC HHS/United States22851942PMC340790
THE MARITIME OPERATIONAL THREAT RESPONSE PLAN: A MODEL FOR INTERAGENCY COOPERATION
History has shown that homeland security is a learning process and an evolution, whereby threats are identified and strategies and policies are developed and implemented. Those strategies and policies are occasionally tested in the real world and refined to adapt to the new threat landscape. The modern homeland security apparatus is characterized by overlapping and interconnecting legal and jurisdictional responsibilities that intertwine response agencies and require a whole-of-government response. A reorganization of the federal government in response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, created a plethora of new policies and procedures. This restructuring produced overlapping interests and responsibilities that required cross-disciplines, jurisdictions, and authorities to manage threats appropriately. To adapt, the federal government developed several strategies and frameworks for organizing these disparate departments and agencies. This thesis provides a comprehensive understanding of the Maritime Operational Threat Response (MOTR) Plan and how it successfully connects federal organizations to adapt and deal with threats in the unique environment of the maritime domain. Also, it identifies several elements that make the MOTR Plan successful, so the plan may be exported to other areas such as federal, state, or local governments and international partners interested in interagency collaboration.Lieutenant Commander, United States Coast GuardApproved for public release. Distribution is unlimited
How cyber governance influences relationships between companies
Dissertation presented as the partial requirement for obtaining a Master's degree in Information Management, specialization in Information Systems and Technologies ManagementThe growing complexity, variety and sheer volume of cyber-attacks have proven
companies are facing a significant level of pressure from both internal and external threats.
These, impact on their daily operation and, consequently, on the market perception of their
various stakeholders.
For companies to fight these threats and keep their data protected, the need to
implement a robust security framework is gaining more importance. What is also clear is that
companies can no longer rely solely on technological tools to keep data safe and secure.
This study focuses on how the relationships between a company's business and its
partners (customers, suppliers, etc.) are affected by the cyber governance strategies. Furter an
understanding of the organization's culture of governance and security implemented within
The article analysis suggests that although cyber governance plays a crucial role in
business these days, companies appear to find it challenging to identify the best policies and
strategies to implement both internally and also with their corporate partners
Collaborative Leadership Skills and Competencies in Emergency Management and Resilience: Lessons and Implications from the Response to the Covid-19 Pandemic
Collaborative leadership is a critical component in emergency management and resilience. Although cross-sector leadership is considered compulsory in the management of many disasters, the skills and competencies for successful execution of collaborative leadership approaches in emergency management and resilience are still largely unknown, especially as it pertains to the COVID-19 pandemic response. The perspectives of emergency management and resilience leaders may fill in this research gap.
This qualitative study relies on semi-structured interviews to explore the needed skills and competencies for collaborative leadership in emergency management and resilience during the response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the South-Atlantic states. The study relies on Transformational Leadership and Integrative Public Leadership theories to answer the research questions. This study employs qualitative methodology to gain in-depth information of emergency management and resilience leaders’ stories. The researcher used a thematic analysis approach to categorize the identified skills and competencies from the literature and the generated themes from the qualitative data from interview participants.
These findings contribute to public administration by broadening the leadership concept through the exploration of collaborative leadership skills and competencies in emergency management and resilience. State-level emergency management and resilience leaders are stewards of our health and safety, tax dollars, and trust, putting them at the center of scholarly conversations about the COVID-19 pandemic and building effective collaborative teams. The study has implications for practitioners and theorists alike
Incident Traffic Management Respone
The North Carolina State Highway Patrol (NCSHP) and the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) are often called upon to assist in traffic incidents. Yet little systematic research has examined the extent to which these two agencies collaborate. This gap in understanding is problematic, as a lack of collaboration may result in significant delays in the clearing of traffic incidents. The purpose of this correlational study was to investigate circumstances when the two agencies collaborated in clearing major traffic incidents, and the efficiency of the clearance of the incidents, through the measurement of normal traffic flow. The theory of the convergence of resources from divergent organizations framed the study. The research questions addressed the extent of collaboration between the NCSHP and the NCDOT, the conditions under which this collaboration took place, and the efficiency of the clearance of these incidents. Data were obtained from the NCSHP and the NCDOT on characteristics of 1,580 traffic incidents that occurred on the North Carolina portion of Interstate 95 during the year 2014. The data were analyzed using chi-square tests, analyses of variance, and Z-tests for proportions. Collaboration between the two agencies occurred in 7.2% of all of the incidents and in 21.6% of incidents of major severity (p \u3c .001), which indicated a low level of interagency collaboration. The mean clearance time for incidents in which collaboration took place was 115.92 minutes compared to a national goal of 90 minutes. It is hoped that these results can contribute to policy dialogue relevant to the state\u27s Strategic Plan, leading to safer highways and less financial loss due to congestion caused by traffic incidents
Offshore Wind Industry Interorganizational Collaboration Strategies in Emergency Management
Some health and safety (HSE) managers within the offshore wind industry lack effective interorganizational collaboration strategies in emergency management (EM) for successful disaster mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. The failure and the reluctance of neighboring offshore wind industry organizations to share knowledge or resources during a disaster could hinder successful disaster response operations resulting in preventable loss of life, extensive property damage, or damaged company reputations. Grounded in the interorganizational collaboration theory, the purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to explore strategies HSE managers in the offshore wind industry use for successful disaster mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. The participants included eight HSE managers actively contributing to the G+ Global Offshore Wind Health and Safety Organization. Data were collected from semistructured interviews and publicly accessible documents. Five themes emerged from methodological triangulation and thematic analysis pattern matching: shared plans, stakeholder engagement and commitment, government agency involvement and regulations, lessons learned, and standardization. Some key recommendations from the findings include developing joint disaster response plans, participating in government agencies and emergency services exercises, training, forums, and ensuring HSE managers or other EM specialists contribute to professional organizations. The implication for positive social change includes promoting positive employee health and safety practices, sustained employment, enhanced job satisfaction, and lower unemployment rate
Exploring Conceptualization and Operationalization of Interorganizational Interactions: An Empirical Study
Collaboration and other forms of interaction between complex arrangements of private, nonprofit, and public organizations to address challenging policy problems now occurs routinely. In many cases collaboration is mandated by law, and often disbursement of grants to nonprofits is contingent upon demonstrating collaboration with other organizations. To understand this contemporary landscape of public administration and develop cumulative knowledge, theory requires reliable and valid constructs of collaboration and other forms of interorganizational interaction. Theoretical rigor then underpins practice, including the growing discipline of evaluating the level of interaction between organizations or an organization’s “collaborative capacity,” and to understand more broadly how public administrators should best lead, manage and interact in complex multiorganizational situations.
This dissertation reviews the approaches to conceptualization and operationalization of interorganizational interaction in the public administration literature. While many frameworks, typologies and arrays have been offered, few have been tested empirically. Furthermore, the literature incorporates a widely stated but untested notion that interactions between organizations can be placed on a “continuum” of intensity or integration.
Using insights from previously developed systems-based frameworks and arrays, this research creates a generalized interorganizational interaction array (GIIA) that conceptualizes and operationalizes three forms of interaction common in public administration literature: cooperation, coordination and collaboration. From a sample of over 200 interorganizational interactions between national and international defense organizations, the GIIA is tested using cluster analysis to determine: the extent to which collaboration, coordination and cooperation are observed; which variables are most important in differentiating interaction states, and to explore the concept of a continuum of interaction
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