86 research outputs found

    Service Platform for Converged Interactive Broadband Broadcast and Cellular Wireless

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    A converged broadcast and telecommunication service platform is presented that is able to create, deliver, and manage interactive, multimedia content and services for consumption on three different terminal types. The motivations of service providers for designing converged interactive multimedia services, which are crafted for their individual requirements, are investigated. The overall design of the system is presented with particular emphasis placed on the operational features of each of the sub-systems, the flows of media and metadata through the sub-systems and the formats and protocols required for inter-communication between them. The key features of tools required for creating converged interactive multimedia content for a range of different end-user terminal types are examined. Finally possible enhancements to this system are discussed. This study is of particular interest to those organizations currently conducting trials and commercial launches of DVB-H services because it provides them with an insight of the various additional functions required in the service provisioning platforms to provide fully interactive services to a range of different mobile terminal types

    Adaptation of scalable multimedia documents

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    Several scalable media codecs have been standardized in recent years to cope with heterogeneous usage conditions and to aim at always providing audio, video and image content in the best possible quality. Today, interactive multimedia presentations are becoming accessible on handheld terminals and face the same adaptation challenges as the media elements they present: quite diversified screen, memory and processing power capabilities. In this paper, we address the adaptation of multimedia documents by applying the concept of scalability to their presentation. The Scalable MSTI document model introduced in this paper has been designed with two main requirements in mind. First, the adaptation process must be simple to execute because it may be performed on limited terminals in broadcast scenarios. Second, the adaptation process must be simple to describe so that authored adaptation directives can be transported along with the document with a limited bandwidth overhead. The Scalable MSTI model achieves both objectives by specifying Spatial, Temporal and Interactive scalability axes on which incremental authoring can be performed to create progressive presentation layers. Our experiments are conducted on scalable multimedia documents designed for Digital Radio services on DMB channels using MPEG-4 BIFS and also for web services using XHTML, SVG, SMIL and Flash. A scalable image gallery is described throughout this article and illustrates the features offered by our document model in a rich multimedia example

    SVCEval-RA: an evaluation framework for adaptive scalable video streaming

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    [EN] Multimedia content adaption strategies are becoming increasingly important for effective video streaming over the actual heterogeneous networks. Thus, evaluation frameworks for adaptive video play an important role in the designing and deploying process of adaptive multimedia streaming systems. This paper describes a novel simulation framework for rate-adaptive video transmission using the Scalable Video Coding standard (H.264/SVC). Our approach uses feedback information about the available bandwidth to allow the video source to select the most suitable combination of SVC layers for the transmission of a video sequence. The proposed solution has been integrated into the network simulator NS-2 in order to support realistic network simulations. To demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed solution we perform a simulation study where a video sequence was transmitted over a three network scenarios. The experimental results show that the Adaptive SVC scheme implemented in our framework provides an efficient alternative that helps to avoid an increase in the network congestion in resource-constrained networks. Improvements in video quality, in terms of PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio) and SSIM (Structural Similarity Index) are also obtained.Castellanos Hernández, WE.; Guerri Cebollada, JC.; Arce Vila, P. (2017). SVCEval-RA: an evaluation framework for adaptive scalable video streaming. Multimedia Tools and Applications. 76(1):437-461. doi:10.1007/s11042-015-3046-yS437461761Akhshabi S, Begen AC, Dovrolis C (2011) An experimental evaluation of rate-adaptation algorithms in adaptive streaming over HTTP. In: Proceedings of the second annual ACM conference on Multimedia systems. ACM, pp 157–168Alabdulkarim MN, Rikli N-E (2012) QoS Provisioning for H.264/SVC Streams over Ad-Hoc ZigBee Networks Using Cross-Layer Design. In: 8th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM). pp 1–8Birkos K, Tselios C, Dagiuklas T, Kotsopoulos S (2013) Peer selection and scheduling of H. 264 SVC video over wireless networks. In: Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), 2013 IEEE. pp 1633–1638Castellanos W (2014) SVCEval-RA - An Evaluation Framework for Adaptive Scalable Video Streaming. In: SourceForge Project. http://sourceforge.net/projects/svceval-ra/ . Accessed 1 May 2015Castellanos W, Guerri JC, Arce P (2015) A QoS-aware routing protocol with adaptive feedback scheme for video streaming for mobile networks. Comput Commun. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2015.08.012Castellanos W, Arce P, Acelas P, Guerri JC (2012) Route Recovery Algorithm for QoS-Aware Routing in MANETs. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Bilbao, pp. 81–93Chikkerur S, Sundaram V, Reisslein M, Karam LJ (2011) Objective video quality assessment methods: A classification, review, and performance comparison. Broadcast, IEEE Trans on 57:165–182Choupani R, Wong S, Tolun M (2014) Multiple description coding for SNR scalable video transmission over unreliable networks. Multimed Tools Appl 69:843–858. doi: 10.1007/s11042-012-1150-9CISCO Corp. (2014) Cisco Visual Networking Index Forecast and Methodology. In: White Paper. http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/service-provider/ip-ngn-ip-next-generation-network/white_paper_c11-481360.pdf.Dai M, Zhang Y, Loguinov D (2009) A unified traffic model for MPEG-4 and H. 264 video traces. IEEE Trans Multimedia 11:1010–1023Detti A, Bianchi G, Pisa C, et al. (2009) SVEF: an open-source experimental evaluation framework for H.264 scalable video streaming. In: IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications. pp 36–41Espina F, Morato D, Izal M, Magaña E (2014) Analytical model for MPEG video frame loss rates and playback interruptions on packet networks. Multimed Tools Appl 72:361–383. doi: 10.1007/s11042-012-1344-1Fiems D, Steyaert B, Bruneel H (2012) A genetic approach to Markovian characterisation of H.264 scalable video. Multimedia Tools Appl 58:125–146Floyd S, Handley M, Kohler E Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP). http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4340 . Accessed 17 Feb 2014Floyd S, Padhye J, Widmer J TCP Friendly Rate Control (TFRC): Protocol Specification. http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5348 . Accessed 17 Feb 2014Fraz M, Malkani YA, Elahi MA (2009) Design and implementation of real time video streaming and ROI transmission system using RTP on an embedded digital signal processing (DSP) platform. In: 2nd International Conference on Computer, Control and Communication, 2009. IC4 2009. pp 1–6ISO/IEC (2014) Information technology - Dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH) - Part 1: Media presentation description and segment formats.ITU-T (2013) Rec. H.264 & ISO/IEC 14496-10 AVC. Advanced Video Coding for Generic Audiovisual Services.Ivrlač MT, Choi LU, Steinbach E, Nossek JA (2009) Models and analysis of streaming video transmission over wireless fading channels. Signal Process Image Commun 24:651–665. doi: 10.1016/j.image.2009.04.005Karki R, Seenivasan T, Claypool M, Kinicki R (2010) Performance Analysis of Home Streaming Video Using Orb. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Workshop on Network and Operating Systems Support for Digital Audio and Video. ACM, New York, NY, USA, pp 111–116Ke C-H (2012) myEvalSVC-an Integrated Simulation Framework for Evaluation of H. 264/SVC Transmission. KSII Trans Internet Inf Syst (TIIS) 6:377–392. doi: 10.3837/tiis.2012.01.021Ke C-H, Shieh C-K, Hwang W-S, Ziviani A (2008) An Evaluation Framework for More Realistic Simulations of MPEG Video Transmission. J Inf Sci Eng 24:425–440Klaue J, Rathke B, Wolisz A (2003) Evalvid–A framework for video transmission and quality evaluation. In: Computer Performance Evaluation. Modelling Techniques and Tools. Springer, pp 255–272Le TA, Nguyen H (2014) End-to-end transmission of scalable video contents: performance evaluation over EvalSVC—a new open-source evaluation platform. Multimed Tools Appl 72:1239–1256. doi: 10.1007/s11042-013-1444-6Lie A, Klaue J (2008) Evalvid-RA: trace driven simulation of rate adaptive MPEG-4 VBR video. Multimedia Systems 14:33–50. doi: 10.1007/s00530-007-0110-0Moving Pictures Experts Group and ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group (2011) H. 264/SVC reference software (JSVM 9.19.14) and Manual.Nightingale J, Wang Q, Grecos C (2014) Empirical evaluation of H.264/SVC streaming in resource-constrained multihomed mobile networks. Multimed Tools Appl 70:2011–2035. doi: 10.1007/s11042-012-1219-5Parmar H, Thornburgh M (2012) Real-Time Messaging Protocol (RTMP) Specification. AdobePolitis I, Dounis L, Dagiuklas T (2012) H. 264/SVC vs. H. 264/AVC video quality comparison under QoE-driven seamless handoff. Signal Process Image Commun 27:814–826Pozueco L, Pañeda XG, García R, et al. (2013) Adaptable system based on Scalable Video Coding for high-quality video service. Comput Electr Eng 39:775–789. doi: 10.1016/j.compeleceng.2013.01.015Pozueco L, Pañeda XG, García R, et al. (2014) Adaptation engine for a streaming service based on MPEG-DASH. 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Wiley, HobokenThe Network Simulator (NS-2). http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns . Accessed 6 Feb 2015Unanue I, Urteaga I, Husemann R, et al. (2011) A Tutorial on H. 264/SVC Scalable Video Coding and its Tradeoff between Quality, Coding Efficiency and Performance. Recent Advances on Video Coding 1–24.Van der Auwera G, David PT, Reisslein M, Karam LJ (2008) Traffic and quality characterization of the H. 264/AVC scalable video coding extension. Adv Multimedia 2008:1Wang Y, Claypool M (2005) RealTracer—Tools for Measuring the Performance of RealVideo on the Internet. Multimed Tools Appl 27:411–430. doi: 10.1007/s11042-005-3757-6Wang Z, Lu L, Bovik AC (2004) Video quality assessment based on structural distortion measurement. Signal Process Image Commun 19:121–132. doi: 10.1016/S0923-5965(03)00076–6Wien M, Schwarz H, Oelbaum T (2007) Performance Analysis of SVC. 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    Design and Analysis of Forward Error Control Coding and Signaling for Guaranteeing QoS in Wireless Broadcast Systems

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    Broadcasting systems are networks where the transmission is received by several terminals. Generally broadcast receivers are passive devices in the network, meaning that they do not interact with the transmitter. Providing a certain Quality of Service (QoS) for the receivers in heterogeneous reception environment with no feedback is not an easy task. Forward error control coding can be used for protection against transmission errors to enhance the QoS for broadcast services. For good performance in terrestrial wireless networks, diversity should be utilized. The diversity is utilized by application of interleaving together with the forward error correction codes. In this dissertation the design and analysis of forward error control and control signalling for providing QoS in wireless broadcasting systems are studied. Control signaling is used in broadcasting networks to give the receiver necessary information on how to connect to the network itself and how to receive the services that are being transmitted. Usually control signalling is considered to be transmitted through a dedicated path in the systems. Therefore, the relationship of the signaling and service data paths should be considered early in the design phase. Modeling and simulations are used in the case studies of this dissertation to study this relationship. This dissertation begins with a survey on the broadcasting environment and mechanisms for providing QoS therein. Then case studies present analysis and design of such mechanisms in real systems. The mechanisms for providing QoS considering signaling and service data paths and their relationship at the DVB-H link layer are analyzed as the first case study. In particular the performance of different service data decoding mechanisms and optimal signaling transmission parameter selection are presented. The second case study investigates the design of signaling and service data paths for the more modern DVB-T2 physical layer. Furthermore, by comparing the performances of the signaling and service data paths by simulations, configuration guidelines for the DVB-T2 physical layer signaling are given. The presented guidelines can prove useful when configuring DVB-T2 transmission networks. Finally, recommendations for the design of data and signalling paths are given based on findings from the case studies. The requirements for the signaling design should be derived from the requirements for the main services. Generally, these requirements for signaling should be more demanding as the signaling is the enabler for service reception.Siirretty Doriast

    A Rate-Distortion Optimized Coding Method for Region of Interest in Scalable Video Coding

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    The support for region of interest (ROI) browsing, which allows dropping background part of video bitstreams, is a desirable feature for video applications. With the help of the slice group technique provided by H.264/SVC, rectangular ROI areas can be encoded into separate ROI slices. Additionally, by imposing certain constraints on motion estimation, ROI part of the bitstream can be decoded without background slices of the same layer. However, due to the additional spatial and temporal constraints applied to the encoder, overall coding efficiency would be significantly decreased. In this paper, a rate-distortion optimized (RDO) encoding scheme is proposed to improve the coding efficiency of ROI slices. When background slices are discarded, the proposed method uses base layer information to generate the prediction signal of the enhancement layer. Thus, the temporal constraints can be loosened during the encoding process. To do it in this way, the possible mismatch between generated reference frames and original ones is also considered during rate-distortion optimization so that a reasonable trade-off between coding efficiency and decoding drift can be made. Besides, a new Lagrange multiplier derivation method is developed for further coding performance improvement. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves significant bitrate saving compared to existing methods

    Video coding standards

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