Government policies affecting the sheep industry in the northern Jordanian badia and Bedouin responses

This study investigates the Bedouin awareness of and responses to the government’s policies that are related to the livestock industry in Jordan. It presents the government’s policies that have both a direct or an indirect impact on the livestock industry. Policies with direct impact are related to credit, rangeland, feed and subsidy, animal health, co-operatives, water, export and import policies and the Bedouin’s vehicles. Policies with an indirect impact on the livestock rearing related to health and education. The study area was the Jordan Badia Research and Development Programme. Information about the government's policies was obtained from all the responsible organisations. Interviews, using semi-structured interview and focus group methods, were held with Bedouin from the study area in order to know the Bedouin awareness of and responses to the government's policies. The most significant finding of this study is that there is a gap between the government’s policies and their implementation from one side and between the government and Bedouin from the other. Bedouin have no clear idea about these polices and no idea at all in many cases. Other countries' experience, from the literature, has been discussed in this study. Jordan can learn lessons from these experiences in order to bridge the gap mentioned above

Agricultural marketing in Iraq: an analysis of the variety of factors and processes underlying the marketing of Iraqi agricultural produce, with emphases on the potential for improving the marketing infrastructure

Agricultural marketing in Iraq has witnessed major changes over the last three decades, and particularly during the 1970's, due to structural and distributional changes in both production and consumption as a consequence of the effect of market forces upon production and an increase in demand. Therefore, agricultural marketing in Iraq is faced with several problems. On the one hand these problems are caused by the continuing increase in demand as a result of the increase in population numbers partly due to natural increase and partly due to (temporary) foreign immigration and the relative increase in per capita income which has improved the purchasing power of the people, all of which have led to a growth in demand ahead of improvements in agricultural production and distribution. On the other hand, are the problems directly related to the physical geographical conditions of Iraq, to the past and present marketing systems and to the locational distribution of the areas of production? All these factors have imposed great pressures on the marketing system, which at the same time that it has become more government- controlled, has also had to come to terms with an increasing percentage of consumers who are entirely dependent upon the system for the supply of their needs, and a diminishing number of producers who need to be encouraged, above all by better price incentives, to be more efficient crop growers and animal raisers. The current system has kept pace with neither the general increase in demand, nor the further demand that most products be available all the year round. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the variety of factors and processes underlying the marketing of Iraqi agricultural produce, with emphasis on the spatial patterns and the potential for improving the infrastructure and managements

Utilization of research results on forage and agricultural by-product materials as animal feed resources in Africa. Proceedings of the first joint workshop

Presents and discusses research results on feed resources, agroindustrial by-products utilisation, forage production, use of crop residues, dairy feeding systems, feeding strategies, introduction and adoption of improved forage technologies, nutritive value of different forages, effects of management on animal performance, effect of supplements on feed utilisation, potential of agricultural by-products as animal feeds, and effects of management on pasture grasses & legumes; and evaluates the utilisation of these results by smallholders

Utilization of research results on forage and agricultural by-product materials as animal feed resources in Africa : proceedings of the first workshop held in Lilongwe, Malawi, 5-9 Dec. 1988

Meeting: PANESA / ARNAB Joint Workshop, 1st, 5-9 Dec. 1988, Lilongwe, M

Evaluating the sustainability of urban agriculture projects

Evaluating the sustainability of urban agriculture projects. 5. International Symposium for Farming Systems Design (AGRO2015

Gender in Agriculture Sourcebook

The purpose of the Sourcebook is to act as a guide for practitioners and technical staff in addressing gender issues and integrating gender-responsive actions in the design and implementation of agricultural projects and programs. It speaks not with gender specialists on how to improve their skills but rather reaches out to technical experts to guide them in thinking through how to integrate gender dimensions into their operations. The Sourcebook aims to deliver practical advice, guidelines, principles, and descriptions and illustrations of approaches that have worked so far to achieve the goal of effective gender mainstreaming in the agricultural operations of development agencies. It captures and expands the main messages of the World Development Report 2008: Agriculture for Development and is considered an important tool to facilitate the operationalization and implementation of the report's key principles on gender equality and women's empowerment

Gender in Agriculture Sourcebook

Seventy-five percent of the world’s poor live in rural areas, andmost are involved in farming. In the 21st century, agriculture remains fundamental to economic growth, poverty alleviation, and environmental sustainability. TheWorld Bank’s Agriculture and Rural Development publication series presents recent analyses of issues that affect agriculture’s role as a source of economic development, rural livelihoods, and environmental services. The series is intended for practical application, and we hope that it will serve to informpublic discussion, policy formulation, and development planning