SLAM : Solutions lexicales automatique pour métaphores

30 pagesInternational audienceThis article presents SLAM, an Automatic Solver for Lexical Metaphors like “déshabiller* une pomme” (to undress* an apple). SLAM calculates a conventional solution for these productions. To carry on it, SLAM has to intersect the paradigmatic axis of the metaphorical verb “déshabiller*”, where “peler” (“to peel”) comes closer, with a syntagmatic axis that comes from a corpus where “peler une pomme” (to peel an apple) is semantically and syntactically regular. We test this model on DicoSyn, which is a “small world” network of synonyms, to compute the paradigmatic axis and on Frantext.20, a French corpus, to compute the syntagmatic axis. Further, we evaluate the model with a sample of an experimental corpus of the database of Flexse

Patterns of use of the Mental Health Act 1983, from 2007-2008 to 2016-2017, in two major London secondary mental healthcare providers

Trends in detention under the Mental Health Act 1983 in two major London secondary mental healthcare providers were explored using patient-level data in a historical cohort study between 2007-2008 and 2016-2017. An increase in the number of detention episodes initiated per fiscal year was observed at both sites. The rise was accompanied by an increase in the number of active patients; the proportion of active patients detained per year remained relatively stable. Findings suggest that the rise in the number of detentions reflects the rise of the number of people receiving secondary mental healthcare

Modelling the effect of sea level on SE Australian coastal wetlands: a multistage model validation and comparison study

As the rate of sea-level rise is set to accelerate, there is increasing concern regarding the long- term sustainability of coastal wetlands. The validity of a model to reliably represent a particular wetland system considered to be vulnerable is crucial to support efficient management. The primary aim of this study was to examine the adequacy of numerical models in predicting the response of a SE Australian wetland to rising sea levels. A multistage validation process was employed to assess the operational and conceptual validity of three models for the Australian context, with specific focus on the Sea Level Affecting Marshes (SLAM) model originally developed for North American wetlands. A second model, the Spatially Applied Adjusted Temmerman (SAAT) model, originally developed for a Northern European wetland was adjusted and applied in this study. Comparison of the two models with a third developed specifically for an Australian context, the Oliver model, provides further insight into the adequacy of each model to predict the evolution of SE Australian coastal wetlands with rising sea levels. Basic verification of the SLAM model revealed a significant flaw in the model code, whereby the A1T and A1FI maximum SLR scenarios were interchanged. Predictive validation suggested that the SLAM model had the greatest predictive power over decadal timescales. Inaccuracies noted between modelled and observed data revealed the potential inability of the model to capture important variables influencing the evolution of the Minnamurra site, such as rainfall, groundwater and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) related environmental factors. Overall, however, projected model results and conceptual validation of the SLAM model revealed potential conceptual flaws regarding vegetation succession, treatment of wetland surface elevation change (SEC) and simulation of tidal water levels, all of which have the potential to decrease the predictive ability of the model and increase uncertainty of simulated results. The SLAM model was most sensitive to sea-level rise (SLR) and parameters pertaining to the inundation of wetlands, such as tidal range. Stochastic uncertainty analysis allowed for a richer understanding of possible future wetland distributions under rising sea levels but also indicated that the data and conceptual errors within the SLAM model propagated a wide range of uncertainty into deterministic model outcomes. Specific focus on the digital elevation model revealed high accuracy, obtained from expertly refining as-received Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) data, was crucial for modelling purposes. Each of the models applied in this study generated plausible wetland distributions for future scenarios. Comparison of the models indicated that differences were primarily a result of model structure and mathematical expression, indicating that the most applicable model to the Australian context could not be definitively identified. Despite the potentially large error and uncertainty, modelling remains important in a manager’s tool kit, providing an understanding of the potential response of wetlands to anticipated rising sea levels. It is recommended, however, that stochastic uncertainty analysis be conducted so as to encompass a wider range of possible future scenarios in the planning and decision-making processes regarding the protection of wetlands for the future

Uncertainty Estimation of Dense Optical Flow for Robust Visual Navigation.

This paper presents a novel dense optical-flow algorithm to solve the monocular simultaneous localisation and mapping (SLAM) problem for ground or aerial robots. Dense optical flow can effectively provide the ego-motion of the vehicle while enabling collision avoidance with the potential obstacles. Existing research has not fully utilised the uncertainty of the optical flow-at most, an isotropic Gaussian density model has been used. We estimate the full uncertainty of the optical flow and propose a new eight-point algorithm based on the statistical Mahalanobis distance. Combined with the pose-graph optimisation, the proposed method demonstrates enhanced robustness and accuracy for the public autonomous car dataset (KITTI) and aerial monocular dataset

The role of mental health symptomology and quality of life in predicting referrals to special child and adolescent mental health services

Background: Children and adolescents’ mental health problems have been largely assessed with conventional symptom scales, for example, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) given that it is one of the mostly widely used measures in specialist Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS). However, this emphasis on symptom scales might have missed some important features of the mental health challenges that children and young people experience including day to day functioning and life satisfaction aspect (i.e. qualify of life). Method: The study examined longitudinal association between a young person’s self-perceptions of quality of life and mental health difficulties and referral to specialist CAMHS service using a population cohort study (Targeted Mental Health in Schools service data) nested within a large-scale linkage between school (National Pupil Data base) and child mental health service administrative data (South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust children and adolescent mental health services health records). Cox proportional hazard regression to estimate crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for the association between participant psychopathology, and incidence of CAMHS referral. Results: Pupils experiencing more behavioural difficulties, had an increased incidence of CAMHS referral (adjusted hazard ratio 1.1, 95% confidence interval 1.0–1.2). However, pupils who reported higher health related quality of life had a lower incidence of CAMHS referral over the follow-up period (adjusted hazard hario 0.94, 95% confidence interval 0.9–0.98). Conclusion: Children and young people’s perception of their quality of life should be considered at the stages of a clinical needs assessment

ASSESSING TERRESTRIAL MMS 3D DATA FOR OUTDOOR MULTI-SCALE MODELLING

Mobile Mapping Systems (MMS) have recently benefited from the development of many fusion-based technologies with countless systems development based on cars, drones, trolley, wearable or portable mapping system. The scale of applicating range from the urban to the architectural scale. Recent solution are also based on visual or Lidar SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping), which substantially takes advantage of environmental features and techniques of continuous co-registration of the clouds, also in case of absence on GNSS positioning measurement. FARO Technology has recently developed the Swift, a fusion-based hybrid solution that integrates the sensors for 3D mapping in a trolley system configuration and recently, an external camera Panocam Theta Z1 is equipping the system enabling the possibility to associate radiometry to the acquired data. The working principle is the exploitation of a system of static and mobile configuration, using the so-called “anchor scans” co-registration as an hybrid intermediate solution between a typical static scan and a profilometers-based MMS point cloud. The co-registered clouds therefore yield a trajectory mode such as SLAM but benefit from the comparable range and density characteristics, according to user-customized settings, of static scans, with a duration of a few seconds per scan and a few minutes overall. In the present research the Swift System is tested in two different context and the assessment are conducted aimed at satisfying both the urban and the architectural scale instances in the direction of improving further evaluations

SLAM Project - Long Term Ecological Study of the Impacts of Climate Change in the Natural Forest of Azores: III - Testing the impact of edge effects in a native forest of Terceira Island

BACKGROUND: The data we present are part of the long-term project “SLAM Project - Long Term Ecological Study of the Impacts of Climate Change in the Natural Forest of Azores” that started in 2012, aiming to understand the impact of biodiversity erosion drivers on Azorean native forests (Azores, Macaronesia, Portugal). The data for the current study consist in an inventory of arthropods collected in three locations of a native forest fragment at Terra-Brava protected area (Terceira, Azores, Portugal) aiming to test the impact of edge effects on Azorean arthropod communities. The three locations were: (i) the edge of the forest, closer to the pastures; (ii) an intermediate area (100 m from edge); and (iii) the deepest part of the native forest fragment (more than 300 m from edge). The study was carried out between June 2014 and December 2015. A total of nine passive flight interception SLAM (Sea, Land and Air Malaise) traps were deployed (three in each of the studied locations), during 18 consecutive months. This study provides the raw data to investigate temporal and edge effect variation for the Azorean arthropod communities. NEW INFORMATION: The collected arthropods belong to a wide diversity of taxonomic groups of Arachnida, Diplopoda, Chilopoda and Insecta classes. We collected a total of 13,516 specimens from which it was possible to identify to species level almost all specimens (13,504). These identified specimens belong to 15 orders, 58 families (plus three with only genus or family level identification) and 97 species of arthropods. A total of 35 species are considered introduced, 34 native non-endemic and 28 endemic. Additionally, a total of 10 taxa (12 specimens) were recorded at genus, family or order level. This dataset will allow researchers to test the impact of edge effect on arthropod biodiversity and to investigate seasonal changes in Azorean arthropod native forest communities.Trap acquisition and fieldwork were funded by the project Portuguese National Funds, through FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, within the project UID/BIA/00329/2013-2023. The database management and Open Access was funded by the project "MACRISK-Trait-based prediction of extinction risk and invasiveness for Northern Macaronesian arthropods" Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) -PTDC/BIA-CBI/0625/2021 (2022-2024). MB was supported by FCT - DL57/2016/CP1375/CT0001. NT and MTF were supported by the project LIFE-BETTLES (LIFE18 NAT/PT/000864). PAVB and RG were additionally supported by FCT-UIDP/00329/2020-2024 (Thematic Line 1-Integrated ecological assessment of environmental change on biodiversity) and MACRISK - PTDC/BIA-CBI/0625/2021, through the FCT - Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Clozapine in Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia (TRS): improving access and utilisation

Schizophrenia is the most severe mental illness affecting humans. When the illness does not respond to treatment, it is even more devastating. When a patient fails to respond to two adequate, consecutive antipsychotic treatments, the illness is termed treatment-refractory schizophrenia (TRS). Clozapine is the only licensed and recognised effective treatment in TRS. Interestingly, rather than its current position as a third-line treatment, there are rather robust and convincing arguments for clozapine to be used as a second line. Sadly, in clinical practice there is widespread underuse of clozapine, with significant delays before it is prescribed in individuals with TRS, being relegated to the fifth or sixth line. Instead, non-evidence-based use of high-dose antipsychotics and the use of antipsychotics in combination is common practice, contributing to even longer delays. This is a compilation of 33 of my publications and public works (PWs) spanning over two decades, from 1999 to 2021. In these, I explore why clozapine is underused, when it should be used and how it should be used, employing different methodologies. This is a combination of my reviews of the literature and my practical recommendations on how to overcome difficulties in specific situations using case reports and case series. I have collaborated with colleagues from a wide variety of disciplines including psychiatrists, pharmacologists, cardiologists, haematologists and data experts to advance knowledge in the management of TRS through these works. I have investigated various databases and been involved in the design and conduct of randomised controlled trials in schizophrenia. My work has demonstrated that in the United Kingdom and probably in most other countries, significant variation exists in the rate of clozapine prescribing in patients with TRS. There is thus inequity in patient access to the most effective treatment in refractory schizophrenia. This has an enormous impact on patients and families and may be the difference between long-term institutional care and fulfilling, independent living in the community with freedom and liberty. The delay and underutilisation of clozapine are centred around four principal factors. These are related to the drug itself, factors that relate to the patient, clinician-related factors and finally, those that pertain to licensing and regulatory control of the drug. Clozapine is a life-prolonging drug, and concerted efforts to overcome these well-recognised barriers would go a long way in improving outcomes in patients with TRS. I believe that long-term solutions to the underuse of clozapine lie in education. Clinicians treating patients with schizophrenia need to identify patients with TRS as quickly as possible. Health systems to educate, support and encourage clinicians would provide much-needed confidence in evaluating risks and benefit to increase clozapine uptake. The stringent regulatory controls of clozapine should be thoroughly examined. The United States Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) has gone some way by lowering the haematological threshold for clozapine continuation, but more needs to be done. How can we be confident of overcoming all these seemingly impossible barriers? The answer, I believe, is in developing a national clozapine strategy. The United Kingdom is the centre of research in psychopharmacology. It houses the world-renowned Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences (IoPPN) with expertise in the management of schizophrenia. A comprehensive national strategy that identifies all the barriers and a systematic approach to addressing the multifaceted problem would address these issues. This approach is not new. It has been successfully applied in countries such as the Netherlands. My PWs have shown that we can not only overcome these barriers, but substantially increase clozapine uptake. The negative prognostic implications of delay and underuse of clozapine are now becoming glaringly apparent. The outcome for patients where clozapine use is substantially delayed is not as good as in patients where it is initiated as soon as treatment refractoriness is ascertained. When we can fully utilise clozapine in patients with TRS, then we can turn our attention to the 40-50% of patients who have less than satisfactory response to clozapine, or those patients deemed as ultra treatment refractory