438 research outputs found
IPv6 mobility support for real-time multimedia communications: A survey
Mobile Internet protocol version 6(MIPv6) route optimization improves triangular routing problem that exists in MIPv4 environment.Route optimization of Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) over MIPv6 provides ef�cient real-time multimedia applications to users. This article provides a survey of SIP over MIPv6. We review the processes involved during the setting up of a SIP call and during mid-call SIP mobility. When SIP transmits real-time multimedia applications in a wireless environment, the mobile node (MN) may move from one access router (AR) to
another AR, handing over control from one AR to the other. High handover latency degrades the quality of real-time multimedia applications due to the fact that real-time multimedia applications are delay-sensitive.Handover latency is an important issue to discuss.Reduction of handover latency can be made possible with the use of SIP's hierarchical registration. On the other hand, hybrid hierarchical and fast handover SIP's registration performs better compared to hierarchical registration. Finally, we present the directions for future research
Mobility Management in beyond 3G-Environments
Beyond 3G-environments are typically defined as environments that integrate different wireless and fixed access network technologies. In this paper, we address IP based Mobility Management (MM) in beyond 3G-environments with a focus on wireless access networks, motivated by the current trend of WiFi, GPRS, and UMTS networks. The GPRS and UMTS networks provide countrywide network access, while the WiFi networks provide network access in local areas such as city centres and airports. As a result, mobile end-users can be always on-line and connected to their preferred network(s), these network preferences are typically stored in a user profile. For example, an end-user who wishes to be connected with highest bandwidth could be connected to a WiFi network when available and fall back to GPRS when moving outside the hotspot area.\ud
In this paper, we consider a combination of MM for legacy services (like web browsing, telnet, etc.) using Mobile IP and multimedia services using SIP. We assume that the end-user makes use of multi-interface terminals with the capability of selecting one or more types of access networks\ud
based on preferences. For multimedia sessions, like VoIP or streaming video, we distinguish between changes in network access when the end-user is in a session or not in a session. If the end-user is not in a session, he or she needs to be able to start new sessions and receive invitations for new sessions. If the end-user is in a session, the session needs to be handed over to the new access network as seamless as possible from the perspective of the end-user. We propose an integrated but flexible solution to these problems that facilitates MM with a customizable transparency to applications and end-users
A Survey on Handover Management in Mobility Architectures
This work presents a comprehensive and structured taxonomy of available
techniques for managing the handover process in mobility architectures.
Representative works from the existing literature have been divided into
appropriate categories, based on their ability to support horizontal handovers,
vertical handovers and multihoming. We describe approaches designed to work on
the current Internet (i.e. IPv4-based networks), as well as those that have
been devised for the "future" Internet (e.g. IPv6-based networks and
extensions). Quantitative measures and qualitative indicators are also
presented and used to evaluate and compare the examined approaches. This
critical review provides some valuable guidelines and suggestions for designing
and developing mobility architectures, including some practical expedients
(e.g. those required in the current Internet environment), aimed to cope with
the presence of NAT/firewalls and to provide support to legacy systems and
several communication protocols working at the application layer
IPv6 Network Mobility
Network Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting has
been used since before the days of the Internet as we know it
today. Authentication asks the question, “Who or what are
you?” Authorization asks, “What are you allowed to do?” And fi nally,
accounting wants to know, “What did you do?” These fundamental
security building blocks are being used in expanded ways today. The
fi rst part of this two-part series focused on the overall concepts of
AAA, the elements involved in AAA communications, and highlevel
approaches to achieving specifi c AAA goals. It was published in
IPJ Volume 10, No. 1[0]. This second part of the series discusses the
protocols involved, specifi c applications of AAA, and considerations
for the future of AAA
Investigation of Mobile IPv6 and SIP integrated architectures for IMS and VoIP applications
Mobile IPv6 and SIP are protocols designed to support different types of mobility. Mobile IPv6 has been used to support mobility in IP networks and SIP has been used for voice over IP applications. It is the signalling protocol of the IP multimedia subsystem (IMS). In this paper both protocols have been simulated and compared in order to observe their performance for voice over IP (VoIP) applications. In this paper the architectures proposed by researchers in order to combine mobile IPv6 and SIP have also been investigated and compared to analyse their advantages and disadvantages. A network scenario, running mobile IPv6 and SIP for IMS, has also been simulated in order to evaluate the performance offered by the two protocols and to compare them with the results from the simulation of the pure mobile IPv6 and SIP architectures. The comparison shows that the combined scenario offers better performance similar to the one obtained using only mobile IPv6 with route optimization. The scenario simulated was also compared with the integrated architectures for mobile IPv6 and SIP that were investigated
MOBILITY SUPPORT ARCHITECTURES FOR NEXT-GENERATION WIRELESS NETWORKS
With the convergence of the wireless networks and the Internet and the booming
demand for multimedia applications, the next-generation (beyond the third generation, or
B3G) wireless systems are expected to be all IP-based and provide real-time and non-real-time
mobile services anywhere and anytime. Powerful and efficient mobility support is
thus the key enabler to fulfil such an attractive vision by supporting various mobility
scenarios. This thesis contributes to this interesting while challenging topic.
After a literature review on mobility support architectures and protocols, the thesis
starts presenting our contributions with a generic multi-layer mobility support framework,
which provides a general approach to meet the challenges of handling comprehensive
mobility issues. The cross-layer design methodology is introduced to coordinate the
protocol layers for optimised system design. Particularly, a flexible and efficient cross-layer
signalling scheme is proposed for interlayer interactions. The proposed generic
framework is then narrowed down with several fundamental building blocks identified to
be focused on as follows.
As widely adopted, we assume that the IP-based access networks are organised into
administrative domains, which are inter-connected through a global IP-based wired core
network. For a mobile user who roams from one domain to another, macro (inter-domain)
mobility management should be in place for global location tracking and effective handoff
support for both real-time and non-real-lime applications. Mobile IP (MIP) and the Session
Initiation Protocol (SIP) are being adopted as the two dominant standard-based macro-mobility
architectures, each of which has mobility entities and messages in its own right.
The work explores the joint optimisations and interactions of MIP and SIP when utilising
the complementary power of both protocols. Two distinctive integrated MIP-SIP
architectures are designed and evaluated, compared with their hybrid alternatives and other
approaches. The overall analytical and simulation results shown significant performance
improvements in terms of cost-efficiency, among other metrics.
Subsequently, for the micro (intra-domain) mobility scenario where a mobile user
moves across IP subnets within a domain, a micro mobility management architecture is
needed to support fast handoffs and constrain signalling messaging loads incurred by intra-domain
movements within the domain. The Hierarchical MIPv6 (HMIPv6) and the Fast
Handovers for MIPv6 (FMIPv6) protocols are selected to fulfil the design requirements.
The work proposes enhancements to these protocols and combines them in an optimised
way. resulting in notably improved performances in contrast to a number of alternative
approaches
Heterogeneous Access: Survey and Design Considerations
As voice, multimedia, and data services are converging to IP, there is a need for a new networking architecture to support future innovations and applications. Users are consuming Internet services from multiple devices that have multiple network interfaces such as Wi-Fi, LTE, Bluetooth, and possibly wired LAN. Such diverse network connectivity can be used to increase both reliability and performance by running applications over multiple links, sequentially for seamless user experience, or in parallel for bandwidth and performance enhancements. The existing networking stack, however, offers almost no support for intelligently exploiting such network, device, and location diversity. In this work, we survey recently proposed protocols and architectures that enable heterogeneous networking support. Upon evaluation, we abstract common design patterns and propose a unified networking architecture that makes better use of a heterogeneous dynamic environment, both in terms of networks and devices. The architecture enables mobile nodes to make intelligent decisions about how and when to use each or a combination of networks, based on access policies. With this new architecture, we envision a shift from current applications, which support a single network, location, and device at a time to applications that can support multiple networks, multiple locations, and multiple devices
Generic Models for Mobility Management in Next Generation Networks
In the network community different mobility management techniques have been proposed over the years. However, many of these techniques share a surprisingly high number of similarities. In this technical report we analyze and evaluate the most relevant mobility management techniques, pointing out differences and similarities. For macro-mobility we consider Mobile IP (MIP), the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and mobility management techniques typical of a GSM network; for micro-mobility we describe and analyze several protocols such as: Hierarchical MIP, TeleMIP, IDMP, Cellular IP and HAWAII
Interworking Architectures in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks: An Algorithmic Overview
The scarce availability of spectrum and the proliferation of
smartphones, social networking applications, online gaming
etc., mobile network operators (MNOs) are faced with an
exponential growth in packet switched data requirements on
their networks. Haven invested in legacy systems (such as
HSPA, WCDMA, WiMAX, Cdma2000, LTE, etc.) that have
hitherto withstood the current and imminent data usage
demand, future and projected usage surpass the capabilities of the evolution of these individual technologies. Hence, a more critical, cost-effective and flexible approach to provide ubiquitous coverage for the user using available spectrum is of high demand. Heterogeneous Networks make use of these legacy systems by allowing users to connect to the best network available and most importantly seamlessly handover active sessions amidst them. This paper presents a survey of interworking architectures between IMT 2000 candidate networks that employ the use of IEFT protocols such as MIP, mSCTP, HIP, MOBIKE, IKEV2 and SIP etc. to bring about this much needed capacity
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