213 research outputs found

    Scholarly Communication Librarianship and Open Knowledge

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    The intersection of scholarly communication librarianship and open education offers a unique opportunity to expand knowledge of scholarly communication topics in both education and practice. Open resources can address the gap in teaching timely and critical scholarly communication topics—copyright in teaching and research environments, academic publishing, emerging modes of scholarship, impact measurement—while increasing access to resources and equitable participation in education and scholarly communication. Scholarly Communication Librarianship and Open Knowledge is an open textbook and practitioner’s guide that collects theory, practice, and case studies from nearly 80 experts in scholarly communication and open education. Divided into three parts: *What is Scholarly Communication? *Scholarly Communication and Open Culture *Voices from the Field: Perspectives, Intersections, and Case Studies The book delves into the economic, social, policy, and legal aspects of scholarly communication as well as open access, open data, open education, and open science and infrastructure. Practitioners provide insight into the relationship between university presses and academic libraries, defining collection development as operational scholarly communication, and promotion and tenure and the challenge for open access. Scholarly Communication Librarianship and Open Knowledge is a thorough guide meant to increase instruction on scholarly communication and open education issues and practices so library workers can continue to meet the changing needs of students and faculty. It is also a political statement about the future to which we aspire and a challenge to the industrial, commercial, capitalistic tendencies encroaching on higher education. Students, readers, educators, and adaptors of this resource can find and embrace these themes throughout the text and embody them in their work

    Research Data Management Practices and Challenges in Academic Libraries: A Comprehensive Review

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    This comprehensive review article delves into the current landscape of research data management (RDM) practices and challenges faced by academic libraries across various regions. Utilizing a wide range of studies and data collected from different countries, this article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the state of RDM services, the role of librarians, and the advancements in technology within academic libraries. The review explores the importance of RDM in supporting open science, data sharing, and reproducibility, while also shedding light on areas that require further development and improvement

    WiFi-Based Human Activity Recognition Using Attention-Based BiLSTM

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    Recently, significant efforts have been made to explore human activity recognition (HAR) techniques that use information gathered by existing indoor wireless infrastructures through WiFi signals without demanding the monitored subject to carry a dedicated device. The key intuition is that different activities introduce different multi-paths in WiFi signals and generate different patterns in the time series of channel state information (CSI). In this paper, we propose and evaluate a full pipeline for a CSI-based human activity recognition framework for 12 activities in three different spatial environments using two deep learning models: ABiLSTM and CNN-ABiLSTM. Evaluation experiments have demonstrated that the proposed models outperform state-of-the-art models. Also, the experiments show that the proposed models can be applied to other environments with different configurations, albeit with some caveats. The proposed ABiLSTM model achieves an overall accuracy of 94.03%, 91.96%, and 92.59% across the 3 target environments. While the proposed CNN-ABiLSTM model reaches an accuracy of 98.54%, 94.25% and 95.09% across those same environments

    THE ROLE OF ICT IN EDUCATION: AN EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS

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    Nell’ambito dell’educazione, l’utilizzo delle tecnologie dell’informazione e della comunicazione (TCI) si è notevolmente intensificato negli ultimi decenni grazie agli investimenti effettuati. Il concetto di TCI è molto ampio. In questo lavoro di tesi, TCI non si riferisce solo alle infrastrutture fisiche (ad esempio radio, telefono, video, televisione, computer), ma include anche l’uso e l’intensità di utilizzo (ad esempio l’impiego giornaliero, settimanale, ecc.), la qualità e l’ubicazione dell’infrastruttura (ad esempio, a scuola oppure a casa), il motivo del suo utilizzo (ad esempio, per svago o per motivi di studio) e la spesa relativa alle TIC. Questa dissertazione discute il ruolo delle TIC nell’istruzione concentrandosi sull’analisi dell’efficienza. La tesi comprende quattro lavori ripartiti in diversi capitoli. Il Capitolo II propone una sistematica literature review sull’argomento. Il Capitolo III esegue un’analisi transnazionale dell’efficienza dell’istruzione a livello scolastico in sei Paesi del sud-est asiatico, ossia in Brunei Darussalam, in Malesia, in Indonesia, nelle Filippine, a Singapore ed in Tailandia. L’analisi viene effettuata mediate l’approccio della stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) che consente di considerare l'eteroschedasticità. Da questo studio risulta che Singapore è comparativamente il Paese con la migliore performance. Nell’analisi condotta, le variabili TIC, ovvero (1) il rapporto tra computer a scuola e (2) il numero totale di studenti ed il rapporto tra computer connessi a Internet, sono assunte essere determinanti dell’inefficienza ed entrano come input nella funzione di produzione (istruzione). Dall’analisi condotta, emerge che il primo rapporto non influenza in modo significativo gli esiti scolastici mentre il secondo ha un significativo impatto. Come determinanti dell’inefficienza, il primo rapporto influisce sull’inefficienza della scuola in nelle aree di matematica e scienze, mentre il secondo non ha alcuna influenza. Il Capitolo IV utilizza l'approccio DEA (non-parametric data envelopment analysis) del modello di super-efficienza che consente alle scuole efficienti di avere punteggi di efficienza superiori a uno (nell’approccio DEA tradizionale, il punteggio di efficienza è limitato da zero a uno). Per studiare i fattori che potenzialmente influenzano l’efficienza, questo studio include anche una seconda analisi basata sull’approccio bootstrapped quantile regression. I risultati suggeriscono una serie di implicazioni politiche per le scuole del sud-est asiatico, indicando diverse linee d’azione per le scuole sia con livelli di efficienza più alti sia per quelle con efficienza minore. Il Capitolo V estende l'analisi condotta nel Capitolo III sia dal punto di vista metodologico che empirico. L’analisi, basata sull’approccio SFA, non include solo le infrastrutture TCI nel modello, ma aggiunge anche l’uso delle TCI (compreso l’indice del tempo trascorso dagli studenti nell’uso delle TCI a scuola, fuori dalla scuola per scopi di intrattenimento e a casa per compiti scolastici). Ciò viene fatto utilizzando il “modello di frontiera stocastica a quattro componenti” in cui le TCI sono modellate sia come input che come determinanti di inefficienza variabile nel tempo. Inoltre, questo modello viene testato utilizzando un set di dati di 24 Paesi OCSE. I risultati mostrano che tutte e tre le variabili che appartengono all’uso delle TIC influenzano i risultati sul livello di istruzione degli studenti, mentre come determinanti di inefficienza, queste variabili hanno solo un effetto marginale. Questo studio dovrebbe quindi fornire una visione più olistica del ruolo delle TIC nell’efficienza dei processi educativi.In education sector, the application of information and communication technology (ICT) has increased substantially over the last decades as many countries have been investing their resources in ICT for educational purposes. The ICT is a broad concept. In this dissertation, ICT does not only refer to physical infrastructure (e.g., radio, telephone, video, television, computer), but it also includes the use and the intensity of use (e.g., every day, one a week, twice a week), the quality and location of the infrastructure (e.g., at school, at home), the reason for using it (e.g., for entertainment or for study purposes), and the expenditure related to the ICT. This dissertation then discusses the role of ICT in education focusing on the efficiency analysis. It comprises four studies starting with a systematic literature review presented in Chapter II, which offers a clear overview of what has and has not been done in the literature towards this particular topic. Chapter III performs cross-country analysis of efficiency of education at school level in six countries in South-East Asia (i.e., Brunei Darussalam, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand). The stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) allowing for heteroscedasticity is used. The result reveals that Singapore has the (relatively) best performance among other countries. The ICT infrastructure variables, i.e., the ratio of computers at school to the total number of students and the ratio of computers connected to the internet, are modeled as inputs in the (education) production function and determinants of inefficiency. The first ratio is found to be not significant influencing education outcomes while the second one does influence. As determinants of inefficiency, the first ratio affects school’s inefficiency in terms of mathematics and science, while the second one has no influence. Relying the finding of Chapter III that there are many higher efficiency level schools, Chapter IV uses the non-parametric data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach of the super-efficiency model which has the ability to differentiate among the higher efficiency level schools. This model allows the efficient schools to have efficiency scores of more than one (in the traditional DEA approach, the efficiency score is bounded from zero to one). To investigate factors that potentially influence efficiency, this study performs the “second-stage” analysis by using bootstrapped quantile regression. The results suggest a number of policy implications for South-East Asian schools, indicating different courses of action for schools with higher and lower efficiency levels. Chapter V extends the analysis conducted in Chapter III both from methodological and empirical point of views. The analysis, based on the SFA approach, not only includes the ICT infrastructure in the model, but it also adds the ICT use (including the index of time spent by students in using ICT at school, outside school for entertainment purposes, and at home for school-related tasks). This is done by using the “four-component stochastic frontier model” where ICT is modeled both as inputs and determinants of time-varying inefficiency. In addition, this model is tested using a dataset of 24 OECD countries. Results show that all three variables belong to ICT use influence education outcomes, while as the determinants of time-varying inefficiency, these variables have only marginal effect on inefficiency. This study is then expected to provide a more holistic view of the role of ICT in the efficiency of education measurement as the previous studies only addressed the ICT infrastructure

    5th International Conference on Advanced Research Methods and Analytics (CARMA 2023)

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    Research methods in economics and social sciences are evolving with the increasing availability of Internet and Big Data sources of information. As these sources, methods, and applications become more interdisciplinary, the 5th International Conference on Advanced Research Methods and Analytics (CARMA) is a forum for researchers and practitioners to exchange ideas and advances on how emerging research methods and sources are applied to different fields of social sciences as well as to discuss current and future challenges.Martínez Torres, MDR.; Toral Marín, S. (2023). 5th International Conference on Advanced Research Methods and Analytics (CARMA 2023). Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/CARMA2023.2023.1700

    Women in Artificial intelligence (AI)

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    This Special Issue, entitled "Women in Artificial Intelligence" includes 17 papers from leading women scientists. The papers cover a broad scope of research areas within Artificial Intelligence, including machine learning, perception, reasoning or planning, among others. The papers have applications to relevant fields, such as human health, finance, or education. It is worth noting that the Issue includes three papers that deal with different aspects of gender bias in Artificial Intelligence. All the papers have a woman as the first author. We can proudly say that these women are from countries worldwide, such as France, Czech Republic, United Kingdom, Australia, Bangladesh, Yemen, Romania, India, Cuba, Bangladesh and Spain. In conclusion, apart from its intrinsic scientific value as a Special Issue, combining interesting research works, this Special Issue intends to increase the invisibility of women in AI, showing where they are, what they do, and how they contribute to developments in Artificial Intelligence from their different places, positions, research branches and application fields. We planned to issue this book on the on Ada Lovelace Day (11/10/2022), a date internationally dedicated to the first computer programmer, a woman who had to fight the gender difficulties of her times, in the XIX century. We also thank the publisher for making this possible, thus allowing for this book to become a part of the international activities dedicated to celebrating the value of women in ICT all over the world. With this book, we want to pay homage to all the women that contributed over the years to the field of AI

    A social media analytics framework for decision-making in citizen relationship management

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    Globally social media has shown unprecedented levels of adoption and Social Media Analytics (SMA) is a rapidly growing topic. For governments, SMA holds the promise of providing tools and frameworks to collect, monitor, analyse and visualise social media data, usually driven by specific requirements from a target application. However, social media data is noisy and unstructured, and organisations struggle to extract knowledge from this data, and convert it into actual intelligence. This study argues that SMA can support intelligent decision-making for Citizen Relationship Management (CzRM). CzRM is a growing effort of governments around the world to strive to respond rapidly to their citizens by fostering a closer relationship thereby creating more effective and efficient service delivery. However, there is a little evidence in literature on empirical studies of any existing decision-making framework for CzRM and SMA adoption. In particular, there is a gap with regards incorporating SMA into decision-making for CzRM of governments, particularly in developing countries like South Africa. The aim of this study was to develop a framework that provides guidelines, including methods and tools, incorporating SMA into decision-making for CzRM in the Gauteng Provincial Government (GPG) and the Free State Provincial Government (FSPG) of South Africa. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and conceptual analysis method was conducted to design the Social Media Analytics Framework for Decision-making in the context of CzRM (the SMAF). The findings from the literature review revealed several benefits and challenges with SMA, in particular the shortage of skills, guidelines, methods and tools for SMA. These challenges were used to draft guidelines that were included in the framework, which consists of five components that can be used to derive intelligent information from SMA. The pragmatic philosophy and a case study design was used to generate an in-depth, multifaceted understanding of the underlying problems in the case of the GPG and the FSPG. The German North-West Metropolitan region was used as a third case study to provide a more global perspective and a case of a developed country in terms of Gross Domestic Product. The scope of the study was limited to social media posts by provincial citizens related to CzRM and service delivery. Both formative and summative evaluations of the proposed theoretical framework were conducted. The formative evaluation was conducted v | Page as an Expert Review to receive feedback of the framework from the experts in the field of Computer Science and Information Systems. The findings validated the framework and some minor improvements were made based on the experts’ recommendations. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with participants from government managers and decision makers in the three cases were conducted. Case documents for the three cases were collected and reviewed. All collected data was analysed using the Qualitative Content Analysis (QCA) method and common categories and themes were identified. Summative evaluations were conducted in the form of a Field Study, which consisted of an analysis of Twitter data from the three cases, and a closing FGD with Business Intelligence (BI) experts at the primary case of the e-Government department of the GPG. The findings revealed that SMA has been adopted in all three cases; however, while their strategies are comprehensive their implementations are very much in their early stages. The findings also highlighted the status of SMA in government and some potential gaps and areas for implementing the framework.Thesis (PhD) -- Faculty of Science, School of Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics and Statistics, 202
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