Promoting physical activity in the United States : challenge to physical education

The status of adult physical activity participation was examined to determine the status quo of involvement and to suggest strategies for encouraging adults to increase their physical activity. Data from seven selected surveys, 1961- 1982, provided the information for the secondary analyses. National and regional data were studied from several perspectives, i.e., geographically, demographically, with respect to lifestyle, and from a leisure point of view

Component Parts of Personal Health Care in the Formation of Physical Culture

The article tells about the popularization of physical culture and sports in the country, the promotion of a healthy lifestyle among the population, the creation of the necessary conditions for the physical rehabilitation of the disabled

Contingent Valuation of Mining Land Reclamation in East Germany

Large parts of East German landscapes are formed by lignite mining activities. The mining pits destroy vast areas of the existing cultural landscapes. These areas have to be made re-accessible to society through extensive reclamation projects after mining has been finished. For an appraisal of the social benefits that need to be compared to the costs of these projects the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) is the method of choice. The CVM measures the willingness to pay of households for such a project. This paper reports the findings of a Con-tingent Valuation study assessing the social utility created by a reclamation project north of the city of Cottbus in Brandenburg, Germany. The goal of the study is threefold. Firstly, the affected population's aggregate willingness to pay for the planned reclamation project is cal-culated; it amounts to 2.7 mil. Euro per year. Secondly, the determinants of this willingness to pay are analyzed. Apart from the expected positive impact of income on willingness to pay we find that it is also influenced by people's recreational activities, their general attitudes to-wards public spending and by their concerns about the economic situation. Thirdly, the study explores methodological specifics of an application of the CVM to Germany, especially in East Germany, by focusing on the appropriate design of the willingness to pay question which is an important feature still controversially discussed in the literature.contingent valuation;

Young people and organised outdoor activities: a study of opportunities in national parks

This thesis examines young people's opportunities to participate in organised outdoor activities. It is set within a context of changing leisure interests, a growth in private sector leisure provision, and increasing emphasis on consumer choice. It argues that whilst, in principle, there is widespread support for young people's participation in outdoor activities, in practice, opportunities are becoming increasingly limited. The study aims to examine the nature of outdoor facilities, to determine their use by young people, to identify changes occurring within the outdoor sector, and to consider the changes in relation to young people's access to the outdoors. The empirical research focuses~ on outdoor activity centres, in acknowledgement that the residential experience offered by such centres can contribute to the social and personal development of young people. It also focuses on the National Parks of England and Wales. These areas possess a wealth of natural resources suitable for a wide range of outdoor activities and, collectively, contain the highest number of outdoor centres in the UK. A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection, including a questionnaire survey of outdoor centres, interviews with centre operators, and a review of National Park policies, has been used to build up a picture of centre operations, visitor profiles, and the nature of outdoor programmes. The study findings suggest that a number of factors influence young people's opportunities to participate in outdoor activities. These include centre ownership, safety and educational reforms, planning and environmental policies, and young people's leisure behaviour. Recent years have seen a significant growth in privately owned centres and an associated rise in skills-based activities and non-sporting special interest holidays. These programmes have been largely directed at the adult market. There are few indications that this pattern is about to change. Regulation of the outdoor industry, including safety licensing, has put increasing pressures on under-resourced centres and has led to readjustments in centre operations and in the profile of visitor groups. Young people's opportunities to take part in adventurous activities, as a result of safety licensing, have diminished. Educational reforms have further dictated the direction of outdoor courses. Since the late 1980s, there has been a marked increase in primary school visits to outdoor centres and in field studies, whilst secondary schools visits and involvement in physical pursuits have continued to decline. Centre diversification has led to an overall reduction in the number of places available for young people. Planning and environmental policies have shaped the pattern of centre development. The emphasis on environmental protection in the National Parks has led to constraints on outdoor provision although policies, across Parks, vary. Changes in young people's lifestyles have also begun to impact upon the content of outdoor courses, such as the demand for more varied programmes and less traditional activities. Sporting and recreational organisations can, by addressing factors of motivation, play. a significant role in increasing levels of participation. Given the dynamics of the outdoor industry, the relative importance of these factors is difficult to determine, although the provisions of the Education Reform Act 1988 have induced some of the most radical and widespread changes within the outdoor sector in recent years. In trying to encourage and assist young people to take up outdoor opportunities, the outdoor community faces a number of difficulties. These include a lack of cohesion and .. poor image, increasing commercialisation, and the effects of changing leisure interests. The thesis recommends greater collaboration within the community, possibly through a new organisation, to represent a wider range of interests and to act as a more effective lobbying mechanism. It also recommends a strengthening of the links between the outdoor sector and the key players involved in facilitating outdoor opportunities. Finally, it advises organisations to take heed of newly emerging Government statements on out-of-school learning. These may offer viable alternatives to help safeguard young people's opportunities to participate in outdoor activities

Leisure exclusion? Analysing interventions using active leisure with young people offending or at risk

This research considered the role of active leisure-based interventions with young people at risk of offending. It examined some of the claimed outcomes of participation for young people, and the types of provision which can support positive outcomes. A central feature of the research was an analysis of the impact of interventions on leisure-behaviour and attitudes in the medium term. This was underpinned by three stages of research to ensure the appropriateness of the main longitudinal case studies and the framework diagram. [Continues.

The Trail, 1971-04-23

https://soundideas.pugetsound.edu/thetrail_all/2040/thumbnail.jp

An examination of the transitional support needs for young people leaving detention

A successful transition from detention to living in the community is a critical step in preventing young people from recidivism and entrenchment in criminal activity (Utting & Vennard, 2000). According to Outcare, an organisation that provides support services to offenders, ex-offenders and their families, there seems to be difficulty accommodating newly released young people in existing accommodation services: additionally, many of these young people are not able to access existing support services which contributes significantly to recidivist behaviour. The purpose of undertaking this qualitative study was to examine the transitional support needs for young people leaving detention. The investigation adopted an \u27Action Research\u27 approach and utilised a reference group, involving stakeholders as experts in the field (Crane & Richardson, 2000; Wadsworth, 1997). A qualitative method was employed to collect data and to extrapolate common themes and meanings. Data was collected from three main sources (a literature review and scheduled interviews with service providers and two young people), and the method of triangulation was adhered to. The findings of the research will serve to inform Outcare on how to meet the needs of young people leaving detention, so that existing services may be improved, and participants may get better support when they depart the juvenile justice system

A picture worth millions: state of the young people’s workforce

"This is a three year project, sponsored by the Children’s Workforce Development Council (CWDC) and the Children’s Workforce Network, to establish the most up to date picture of the young people’s workforce in England and to improve the data for effective workforce planning to achieve the Aiming High for Young People Strategy."