Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Challenges in Latin America for the Next Decade

A decade after a 1999 World Bank-sponsored meeting of Latin American water and sanitation experts, there has been progress in rural sanitation in that region. Nonetheless, the Millennium Development Goals for improved sanitation services may be out of reach. Looking toward the next ten years, important challenges for rural water and sanitation will include: ensuring long-term sustainability of sanitation services and monitoring systems, improving the contribution of municipal government, and establishing appropriate legal and financial policies

Briefing Note 1A - Life-Cycle Costs Approach: Costing Sustainable Services

This briefing note uses an accounting framework, the life-cycle costs approach (LCCA), to explain the main cost components for water and sanitation in rural and peri-urban areas. The briefing note explains the building blocks used in the LCCA, then shows how this approach estimates the true cost of extending sustainable and good quality water and sanitation services to the poorest. The LCCA approach provides the most useful answer to: "What is the cost per year per person of delivering clean water and good sanitation services?" Detailed cost breakdowns are available in the annex

Geography, access, urbanization, trade, and economic development

This paper examines the impact of geography, access, urbanization, and trade on per capita GDP in developing countries. Based on data from the World Bank and using a sample of sixty-six developing economies, we find that per capita GDP is linearly dependent upon geography and access as measured by the length of both the coastline and the land boundaries as well as the average distance to the capital city, infrastructure investments as measured by the number of airports as well as rail density and road density, the level of urbanization as measured by the agglomeration index, the percentage of the rural population with water access and sanitation services and that of the urban population with sanitation services, and trade as measured by external balance of goods and services as a percent of GDP.Infrastructure, Economic Geography, Urbanization, External Balance of Goods and Services, Agglomeration, Water and Sanitation Services, Developing Countries

A Tale of Clean Cities: Insights for Planning Urban Sanitation from Ghana, India and the Philippines

A Tale of Clean Cities is a research project commissioned by WaterAid to Partnerships in Practice, to learn from the experience of cities in developing countries that are making good progress in planning and providing city-wide sanitation services. San Fernando in the Philippines, Visakhapatnam in India, and Kumasi in Ghana were studied

Strengthening pro-poor targeting of investments by African utilities in urban water and sanitation - the role of the International Development Association of the World Bank: Case studies from Ghana, Burkina Faso and Tanzania

This report for WaterAid presents findings from research into the impact of selected IDA-funded projects on water supply and sanitation services in urban areas of sub-Saharan Africa, with particular emphasis on the impact on poor areas and households

The improvement of the sanitation services in Moshi (Tanzania)

Tanzania has created, since the mid-90s, an original institutional framework for water and sanitation management made of a mix of decentralized initiative and public control. This article presents this framework and its functioning on sanitation issues in the town of Moshi, a medium-sized town located on the south slopes of the Kilimanjaro Mountain. Findings are coming from a pluridisciplinary franco-tanzanian research program dedicated to these issues in 2002 and 2003. The objective of this work was to identify - through a regulation analysis of the sector and an analysis of households' needs and demand - the stakeholders of the sector and to study their behaviours and their interactions. Using the output of this program first trends of policies were elaborated during a workshop held in November 2003 with all the main stakeholders who could exchange their different perceptions of the problems and their ideas to solve them.Sanitation, public policy, willingness to pay, demand, household survey

Privatization of Water and Sanitation Services in Kenya: Challenges and Prospects

Public sector utilities in developing countries have often not been efficient in providing access to reliable water and sanitation services. Worldwide, over 1 billion people lack access to improved water sources and 2.6 billion lack access to appropriate sanitation.1 Countries across the world are increasingly looking to the private sector for help in providing needed water services. Towards this end, privatization of water and sanitation services is viewed to be a cost effectivemethod of service delivery that also enhances quality and performance. This paper seeks to highlight general knowledge, attitudes and practices of privatization of the service providers in the water and sanitation sector. It also underlines current challenges in the management of privatization of water and sanitation services in Kenya on the part of service providers, but also consumers. The mostcommon challenges include inequity in the quality of service based on the ability to pay, service cut-offs, weak regulatory oversight and lack of accountability to local consumer needs. This paper shows that there is, however, consensus among water and sanitation service providers that privatization is likely to improve efficiency in water and sanitation services only if a collaborative effort is embraced in tackling public sector reform in Kenya. The paper also provides recommendationstowards achieving privatization of water and sanitation services

Effect of Pricing Methods and Public Paying Fee on Cleaning & Sanitation Service in Zanzibar: A Case of West B Municipality

The main objective of the study was to assess the effect of pricing methods and public paying fee on cleaning and sanitation services in West B Municipality, Zanzibar. The survey questionnaire was distributed to the business owner with sample size of 150 and data were collected and analysed based on both descriptive and inferential statistics through Pearson correlation using SPSS version 23.  The study results through descriptive the study shows that about 98 respondents which made 65.3% replied that there is no  impact brought by pricing methods and public paying fee on cleaning and sanitation services. Although the result from person correlation state that there is no significant positive relationship between pricing methods and public paying fee on Cleaning Service & sanitation services. The study recommends that the municipality should establish a specific model for pricing municipality services including cleaning and sanitation services. Keywords: Pricing Methods, Public Paying Fee and Cleaning and Sanitation Service DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/12-29-04 Publication date:October 31st 202

Progress on Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene: 2017 Update and SDG Baselines

The JMP 2017 update report presents indicators and baseline estimates for the drinking water, sanitation and hygiene targets within the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The report introduces the indicators of safely managed drinking water and sanitation services, which go beyond use of improved facilities, to include consideration of the quality of services provided. For the first time, hygiene estimates are reported for 70 countries

Output-based Aid for Sustainable Sanitation

A review of the experience to date in applying output-based and other results-oriented financing aid formats to the delivery of sanitation services and goods in developing countries. The paper looks at the theoretical underpinnings which justify output-based subsidies in sanitation, reviews a selection of output-based aid projects and then proposes some new approaches which could help to make financing in sanitation more effective and accountable