Video Summarization with SOMs

Video summarization is a process where a long video file is converted to a considerably shorter form. The video summary can then be used to facilitate efficient searching and browsing of video files in large video collections. The aim of successful automatic summarization is to preserve as much as possible from the essential content of each video. What is essential is of course subjective and also dependent on the use of the videos and the overall content of the collection. In this paper we present an overview of the SOM-based methodology we have used for video summarization, which analyzes the temporal trajectories of the best-matching units of frame-wise feature vectors. It has been developed as a part of PicSOM, our content-based multimedia information retrieval and analysis framework. The video material we have used in our experiments comes from NIST's annual TRECVID evaluation for content-based video retrieval systems

The TRECVID 2007 BBC rushes summarization evaluation pilot

This paper provides an overview of a pilot evaluation of video summaries using rushes from several BBC dramatic series. It was carried out under the auspices of TRECVID. Twenty-two research teams submitted video summaries of up to 4% duration, of 42 individual rushes video files aimed at compressing out redundant and insignificant material. The output of two baseline systems built on straightforward content reduction techniques was contributed by Carnegie Mellon University as a control. Procedures for developing ground truth lists of important segments from each video were developed at Dublin City University and applied to the BBC video. At NIST each summary was judged by three humans with respect to how much of the ground truth was included, how easy the summary was to understand, and how much repeated material the summary contained. Additional objective measures included: how long it took the system to create the summary, how long it took the assessor to judge it against the ground truth, and what the summary's duration was. Assessor agreement on finding desired segments averaged 78% and results indicate that while it is difficult to exceed the performance of baselines, a few systems did

Video Summarization with SOMs

Video summarization is a process where a long video file is converted to a considerably shorter form. The video summary can then be used to facilitate efficient searching and browsing of video files in large video collections. The aim of successful automatic summarization is to preserve as much as possible from the essential content of each video. What is essential is of course subjective and also dependent on the use of the videos and the overall content of the collection. In this paper we present an overview of the SOM-based methodology we have used for video summarization, which analyzes the temporal trajectories of the best-matching units of frame-wise feature vectors. It has been developed as a part of PicSOM, our content-based multimedia information retrieval and analysis framework. The video material we have used in our experiments comes from NIST's annual TRECVID evaluation for content-based video retrieval systems

Video browsing interfaces and applications: a review

We present a comprehensive review of the state of the art in video browsing and retrieval systems, with special emphasis on interfaces and applications. There has been a significant increase in activity (e.g., storage, retrieval, and sharing) employing video data in the past decade, both for personal and professional use. The ever-growing amount of video content available for human consumption and the inherent characteristics of video data—which, if presented in its raw format, is rather unwieldy and costly—have become driving forces for the development of more effective solutions to present video contents and allow rich user interaction. As a result, there are many contemporary research efforts toward developing better video browsing solutions, which we summarize. We review more than 40 different video browsing and retrieval interfaces and classify them into three groups: applications that use video-player-like interaction, video retrieval applications, and browsing solutions based on video surrogates. For each category, we present a summary of existing work, highlight the technical aspects of each solution, and compare them against each other

Hierarchical modelling and adaptive clustering for real-time summarization of rush videos

In this paper, we provide detailed descriptions of a proposed new algorithm for video summarization, which are also included in our submission to TRECVID'08 on BBC rush summarization. Firstly, rush videos are hierarchically modeled using the formal language technique. Secondly, shot detections are applied to introduce a new concept of V-unit for structuring videos in line with the hierarchical model, and thus junk frames within the model are effectively removed. Thirdly, adaptive clustering is employed to group shots into clusters to determine retakes for redundancy removal. Finally, each most representative shot selected from every cluster is ranked according to its length and sum of activity level for summarization. Competitive results have been achieved to prove the effectiveness and efficiency of our techniques, which are fully implemented in the compressed domain. Our work does not require high-level semantics such as object detection and speech/audio analysis which provides a more flexible and general solution for this topic

CHORUS Deliverable 2.1: State of the Art on Multimedia Search Engines

Based on the information provided by European projects and national initiatives related to multimedia search as well as domains experts that participated in the CHORUS Think-thanks and workshops, this document reports on the state of the art related to multimedia content search from, a technical, and socio-economic perspective. The technical perspective includes an up to date view on content based indexing and retrieval technologies, multimedia search in the context of mobile devices and peer-to-peer networks, and an overview of current evaluation and benchmark inititiatives to measure the performance of multimedia search engines. From a socio-economic perspective we inventorize the impact and legal consequences of these technical advances and point out future directions of research

On-line video abstraction

Tesis doctoral inédita. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Escuela Politécnica Superior, abril de 201

CHORUS Deliverable 2.2: Second report - identification of multi-disciplinary key issues for gap analysis toward EU multimedia search engines roadmap

After addressing the state-of-the-art during the first year of Chorus and establishing the existing landscape in multimedia search engines, we have identified and analyzed gaps within European research effort during our second year. In this period we focused on three directions, notably technological issues, user-centred issues and use-cases and socio- economic and legal aspects. These were assessed by two central studies: firstly, a concerted vision of functional breakdown of generic multimedia search engine, and secondly, a representative use-cases descriptions with the related discussion on requirement for technological challenges. Both studies have been carried out in cooperation and consultation with the community at large through EC concertation meetings (multimedia search engines cluster), several meetings with our Think-Tank, presentations in international conferences, and surveys addressed to EU projects coordinators as well as National initiatives coordinators. Based on the obtained feedback we identified two types of gaps, namely core technological gaps that involve research challenges, and “enablers”, which are not necessarily technical research challenges, but have impact on innovation progress. New socio-economic trends are presented as well as emerging legal challenges

Video Summarization Using Deep Neural Networks: A Survey

Video summarization technologies aim to create a concise and complete synopsis by selecting the most informative parts of the video content. Several approaches have been developed over the last couple of decades and the current state of the art is represented by methods that rely on modern deep neural network architectures. This work focuses on the recent advances in the area and provides a comprehensive survey of the existing deep-learning-based methods for generic video summarization. After presenting the motivation behind the development of technologies for video summarization, we formulate the video summarization task and discuss the main characteristics of a typical deep-learning-based analysis pipeline. Then, we suggest a taxonomy of the existing algorithms and provide a systematic review of the relevant literature that shows the evolution of the deep-learning-based video summarization technologies and leads to suggestions for future developments. We then report on protocols for the objective evaluation of video summarization algorithms and we compare the performance of several deep-learning-based approaches. Based on the outcomes of these comparisons, as well as some documented considerations about the suitability of evaluation protocols, we indicate potential future research directions.Comment: Journal paper; Under revie

Surveillance video summarization based on trajectory rarity measure

The dynamic video summarization of surveillance videos has several critical applications, mainly due to the wide availability of digital cameras in environments such as airports, train and bus stations, shopping centers, stadiums, buildings, schools, hospitals, roads, among others. This study presents an approach for the generation of dynamic summary on surveillance video domain based on human trajectories. It has an emphasis on trajectory descriptors in conjunction with the unsupervised clustering method. Our approach contribute to existing literature concerning the combination of methods and objectives. We hypothesize that the clustering of trajectories permits to identify rare trajectories base on their morphology. The clustering as an output provides numerous subsets of trajectories or clusters and the number of elements of a specific cluster is used to determine their rarity. Those subsets with few components are rare while the others that have a high number of elements are considered ordinary; therefore, the implications of our study show that is possible to use unsupervised clustering for automatic detection of rare trajectories based on their morphology and with this information segment videos. We experimented with different sets of trajectories segmenting the rare videos from our ground truth.Trabajo de investigació